Comprehensive evaluation of tamoxifen sequential biotransformation by the human cytochrome P450 system in vitro: prominent roles for CYP3A and CYP2D6.
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Desta Z, Ward BA, Soukhova NV, Flockhart DA
Comprehensive evaluation of tamoxifen sequential biotransformation by the human cytochrome P450 system in vitro: prominent roles for CYP3A and CYP2D6.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Sep;310(3):1062-75. Epub 2004 May 24.
- PubMed ID
- 15159443 [ View in PubMed]
- Abstract
We performed comprehensive kinetic, inhibition, and correlation analyses in human liver microsomes and experiments in expressed human cytochromes P450 (P450s) to identify primary and secondary metabolic routes of tamoxifen (TAM) and the P450s catalyzing these reactions at therapeutically relevant concentrations. N-Desmethyl-TAM formation catalyzed by CYP3A4/5 was quantitatively the major primary metabolite of TAM; 4-hydroxy-TAM formation catalyzed by CYP2D6 (and other P450s) represents a minor route. Other minor primary metabolites include alpha -, 3-, and 4'-hydroxyTAM and one unidentified metabolite (M-I) and were primarily catalyzed by CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP2B6/2C19, and CYP3A4, respectively. TAM secondary metabolism was examined using N-desmethyl- and 4-hydroxy-TAM as intermediate substrates. N-Desmethyl-TAM was predominantly biotransformed to alpha-hydroxy N-desmethyl-, N-didesmethyl-, and 4-hydroxy N-desmethyl-TAM (endoxifen), whereas 4-hydroxy-TAM was converted to 3,4-dihydroxyTAM and endoxifen. Except for the biotransformation of N-desmethyl-TAM to endoxifen, which was exclusively catalyzed by CYP2D6, all other routes of N-desmethyl- and 4-hydroxy-TAM biotransformation were catalyzed predominantly by the CYP3A subfamily. TAM and its primary metabolites undergo extensive oxidation, principally by CYP3A and CYP2D6 to metabolites that exhibit a range of pharmacological effects. Variable activity of these P450s, brought about by genetic polymorphisms and drug interactions, may alter the balance of TAM effects in vivo.
DrugBank Data that Cites this Article
- Drug Enzymes
Drug Enzyme Kind Organism Pharmacological Action Actions Tamoxifen Cytochrome P450 2B6 Protein Humans UnknownSubstrateInhibitorDetails Tamoxifen Cytochrome P450 2C19 Protein Humans UnknownSubstrateDetails Tamoxifen Cytochrome P450 2D6 Protein Humans UnknownSubstrateInhibitorDetails Tamoxifen Cytochrome P450 3A4 Protein Humans UnknownSubstrateInhibitorInducerDetails