The pharmacology and mechanisms of action of new generation, non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agents.

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Sanger DJ

The pharmacology and mechanisms of action of new generation, non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agents.

CNS Drugs. 2004;18 Suppl 1:9-15; discussion 41, 43-5.

PubMed ID

15291009 [ View in PubMed

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Abstract

The new generation hypnotic drugs, zolpidem, zopiclone and zaleplon, are at least as efficacious in the clinic as benzodiazepines and may offer advantages in terms of safety. These drugs act through the BZ binding sites associated with GABAA receptors, but show some differences from benzodiazepines in pharmacological effects and mechanisms of action. Of particular interest is the finding that zolpidem shows a wide separation between doses producing sedative effects and those giving rise to other behavioural actions, and induces less tolerance and dependence than benzodiazepines. Zolpidem also demonstrates selectivity for GABAA receptors containing alpha1 subunits. Recent studies using genetically modified mice have confirmed that receptors containing alpha1 subunits play a particularly important role in mediating sedative activity, thus providing an explanation for the pharmacological profile of zolpidem.

DrugBank Data that Cites this Article

Drug Targets

Drug	Target	Kind	Organism	Pharmacological Action	Actions
Zopiclone	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Protein	Humans	Yes	Potentiator	Details