The intrinsic transcriptional estrogenic activity of a non-phenolic derivative of levonorgestrel is mediated via the estrogen receptor-alpha.

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Garcia-Becerra R, Borja-Cacho E, Cooney AJ, Jackson KJ, Lemus AE, Perez-Palacios G, Larrea F

The intrinsic transcriptional estrogenic activity of a non-phenolic derivative of levonorgestrel is mediated via the estrogen receptor-alpha.

J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2002 Nov;82(4-5):333-41.

PubMed ID

12589940 [ View in PubMed

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Abstract

Levonorgestrel (LNG), a 19-nor-testosterone derivative, is widely used in contraceptive formulations. This compound does not bind to the estrogen receptor (ER), but it shows estrogen-like effects under in vivo and in vitro conditions. The estrogenicity of LNG may be attributed to its bio-transformation into non-phenolic metabolites. In this study, the ability of A-ring reduced LNG metabolites to activate transcription via an estrogenic mechanism of action, including differences between ER alpha and ER beta subtypes, were investigated. Transactivation assays were performed in HeLa cells transfected with expression vectors for ER alpha and ER beta and an estrogen-responsive reporter gene. Cells were also transfected with expression vectors for both progesterone receptor (PR) isoforms (A or B). As expected, the tetrahydro derivatives of LNG (3 alpha,5 alpha- and 3 beta,5 alpha-LNG) showed significantly lower PR-mediated transcriptional activities through both isoforms when compared with progesterone (P(4)) and LNG. In contrast, the 3 beta,5 alpha-tetrahydro derivative resulted in a significant activation of estrogen-dependent gene transcription. This effect was selectively confined to the ER alpha, since little if any activity could be observed with the ER beta and no antagonistic activities were demonstrated. This study provides structural and molecular clues for the well documented in vitro and in vivo intrinsic estrogenicity of 19-nor-testosterone-derived progestins and ligand requirements for ER alpha recognition.

DrugBank Data that Cites this Article

Drug Targets

Drug	Target	Kind	Organism	Pharmacological Action	Actions
Levonorgestrel	Estrogen receptor alpha	Protein	Humans	Yes	Other/unknown	Details