Thyroid hormone transporters--functions and clinical implications.

Article Details

Citation

Bernal J, Guadano-Ferraz A, Morte B

Thyroid hormone transporters--functions and clinical implications.

Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2015 Jul;11(7):406-17. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2015.66. Epub 2015 May 5.

PubMed ID
25942657 [ View in PubMed
]
Abstract

The cellular influx and efflux of thyroid hormones are facilitated by transmembrane protein transporters. Of these transporters, monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is the only one specific for the transport of thyroid hormones and some of their derivatives. Mutations in SLC16A2, the gene that encodes MCT8, lead to an X-linked syndrome with severe neurological impairment and altered concentrations of thyroid hormones. Histopathological analysis of brain tissue from patients who have impaired MCT8 function indicates that brain lesions start prenatally, and are most probably the result of cerebral hypothyroidism. A Slc16a2 knockout mouse model has revealed that Mct8 is an important mediator of thyroid hormone transport, especially T3, through the blood-brain barrier. However, unlike humans with an MCT8 deficiency, these mice do not have neurological impairment. One explanation for this discrepancy could be differences in expression of the T4 transporter OATP1C1 in the blood-brain barrier; OATP1C1 is more abundant in rodents than in primates and permits the passage of T4 in the absence of T3 transport, thus preventing full cerebral hypothyroidism. In this Review, we discuss the relevance of thyroid hormone transporters in health and disease, with a particular focus on the pathophysiology of MCT8 mutations.

DrugBank Data that Cites this Article

Drug Enzymes
DrugEnzymeKindOrganismPharmacological ActionActions
Thyroid, porcineThyroxine 5-deiodinaseProteinHumans
Unknown
Substrate
Details
Thyroid, porcineType I iodothyronine deiodinaseProteinHumans
Unknown
Substrate
Details
Thyroid, porcineType II iodothyronine deiodinaseProteinHumans
Unknown
Substrate
Details
Drug Transporters
DrugTransporterKindOrganismPharmacological ActionActions
Thyroid, porcineLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1ProteinHumans
Unknown
Substrate
Details
Thyroid, porcineMonocarboxylate transporter 8ProteinHumans
Unknown
Substrate
Details
Thyroid, porcineSodium/bile acid cotransporterProteinHumans
Unknown
Substrate
Details
Thyroid, porcineSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1ProteinHumans
Unknown
Substrate
Details
Thyroid, porcineSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1ProteinHumans
Unknown
Substrate
Details
Thyroid, porcineSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1ProteinHumans
Unknown
Substrate
Details