Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper.
Article Details
- CitationCopy to clipboard
Tapiero H, Townsend DM, Tew KD
Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2003 Nov;57(9):386-98.
- PubMed ID
- 14652164 [ View in PubMed]
- Abstract
Copper is a trace element, important for the function of many cellular enzymes. Copper ions can adopt distinct redox states oxidized Cu(II) or reduced (I), allowing the metal to play a pivotal role in cell physiology as a catalytic cofactor in the redox chemistry of enzymes, mitochondrial respiration, iron absorption, free radical scavenging and elastin cross-linking. If present in excess, free copper ions can cause damage to cellular components and a delicate balance between the uptake and efflux of copper ions determines the amount of cellular copper. In biological systems, copper homeostasis has been characterized at the molecular level. It is coordinated by several proteins such as glutathione, metallothionein, Cu-transporting P-type ATPases, Menkes and Wilson proteins and by cytoplasmic transport proteins called copper chaperones to ensure that it is delivered to specific subcellular compartments and thereby to copper-requiring proteins.
DrugBank Data that Cites this Article
- Drugs
- Drug Targets
Drug Target Kind Organism Pharmacological Action Actions Copper Adenosylhomocysteinase Protein Humans UnknownAllosteric modulatorDetails Copper Amyloid beta A4 protein Protein Humans UnknownBinderDetails - Drug Enzymes
Drug Enzyme Kind Organism Pharmacological Action Actions Copper Angiogenin Protein Humans UnknownCofactorDetails Copper Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 Protein Humans UnknownCofactorDetails Copper Dopamine beta-hydroxylase Protein Humans UnknownCofactorDetails Copper Major prion protein Protein Humans UnknownCofactorDetails Copper Monoamine oxidase (Protein Group) Protein group Humans UnknownCofactorDetails Copper Peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase Protein Humans UnknownCofactorDetails Copper Tyrosinase Protein Humans UnknownCofactorDetails - Drug Carriers
Drug Carrier Kind Organism Pharmacological Action Actions Copper Alpha-2-macroglobulin Protein Humans NoBinderDetails Copper Ceruloplasmin Protein Humans NoBinderDetails Copper Coagulation factor V Protein Humans NoBinderDetails Copper Coagulation factor VIII Protein Humans NoBinderDetails Copper Copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase Protein Humans NoBinderDetails Copper Copper transport protein ATOX1 Protein Humans NoBinderDetails Copper Cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone Protein Humans NoBinderDetails Copper Hephaestin Protein Humans NoBinderDetails Copper Metallothionein (Protein Group) Protein group Humans NoBinderDetails Copper Serum albumin Protein Humans NoBinderDetails - Drug Transporters
Drug Transporter Kind Organism Pharmacological Action Actions Copper Copper-transporting ATPase 1 Protein Humans NoSubstrateDetails Copper Copper-transporting ATPase 2 Protein Humans NoSubstrateDetails Copper High affinity copper uptake protein 1 Protein Humans NoSubstrateDetails Copper Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 Protein Humans NoSubstrateDetails