Hyaluronic Acid: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Trajectory.

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Gupta RC, Lall R, Srivastava A, Sinha A

Hyaluronic Acid: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Trajectory.

Front Vet Sci. 2019 Jun 25;6:192. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00192. eCollection 2019.

PubMed ID

31294035 [ View in PubMed

]

Abstract

Hyaluronic acid (also known as hyaluronan or hyaluronate) is naturally found in many tissues and fluids, but more abundantly in articular cartilage and synovial fluid (SF). Hyaluronic acid (HA) content varies widely in different joints and species. HA is a non-sulfated, naturally occurring non-protein glycosaminoglycan (GAG), with distinct physico-chemical properties, produced by synoviocytes, fibroblasts, and chondrocytes. HA has an important role in the biomechanics of normal SF, where it is partially responsible for lubrication and viscoelasticity of the SF. The concentration of HA and its molecular weight (MW) decline as osteoarthritis (OA) progresses with aging. For that reason, HA has been used for more than four decades in the treatment of OA in dogs, horses and humans. HA produces anti-arthritic effects via multiple mechanisms involving receptors, enzymes and other metabolic pathways. HA is also used in the treatment of ophthalmic, dermal, burns, wound repair, and other health conditions. The MW of HA appears to play a critical role in the formulation of the products used in the treatment of diseases. This review provides a mechanism-based rationale for the use of HA in some disease conditions with special reference to OA.

DrugBank Data that Cites this Article

Drugs

Hyaluronic acid

Drug Targets

Drug	Target	Kind	Organism	Pharmacological Action	Actions
Hyaluronic acid	CD44 antigen	Protein	Humans	Yes	Binder	Details
Hyaluronic acid	Hyaluronan mediated motility receptor	Protein	Humans	Yes	Binder	Details
Hyaluronic acid	Intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Protein	Humans	Yes	Inhibitor Binder	Details
Hyaluronic acid	Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronic acid receptor 1	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Not Available	Details

Drug Enzymes

Drug	Enzyme	Kind	Organism	Pharmacological Action	Actions
Hyaluronic acid	Hyaluronidase enzymes (Protein Group)	Protein group	Humans	Unknown	Substrate	Details