Recent trends in the metabolism and cell biology of vitamin K with special reference to vitamin K cycling and MK-4 biosynthesis.

Article Details

Citation

Shearer MJ, Newman P

Recent trends in the metabolism and cell biology of vitamin K with special reference to vitamin K cycling and MK-4 biosynthesis.

J Lipid Res. 2014 Mar;55(3):345-62. doi: 10.1194/jlr.R045559. Epub 2014 Jan 31.

PubMed ID
24489112 [ View in PubMed
]
Abstract

In contrast to other fat-soluble vitamins, dietary vitamin K is rapidly lost to the body resulting in comparatively low tissue stores. Deficiency is kept at bay by the ubiquity of vitamin K in the diet, synthesis by gut microflora in some species, and relatively low vitamin K cofactor requirements for gamma-glutamyl carboxylation. However, as shown by fatal neonatal bleeding in mice that lack vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR), the low requirements are dependent on the ability of animals to regenerate vitamin K from its epoxide metabolite via the vitamin K cycle. The identification of the genes encoding VKOR and its paralog VKOR-like 1 (VKORL1) has accelerated understanding of the enzymology of this salvage pathway. In parallel, a novel human enzyme that participates in the cellular conversion of phylloquinone to menaquinone (MK)-4 was identified as UbiA prenyltransferase-containing domain 1 (UBIAD1). Recent studies suggest that side-chain cleavage of oral phylloquinone occurs in the intestine, and that menadione is a circulating precursor of tissue MK-4. The mechanisms and functions of vitamin K recycling and MK-4 synthesis have dominated advances made in vitamin K biochemistry over the last five years and, after a brief overview of general metabolism, are the main focuses of this review.

DrugBank Data that Cites this Article

Drugs
Drug Targets
DrugTargetKindOrganismPharmacological ActionActions
PhylloquinoneVitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylaseProteinHumans
Yes
Substrate
Inducer
Cofactor
Details
Drug Enzymes
DrugEnzymeKindOrganismPharmacological ActionActions
PhylloquinoneUbiA prenyltransferase domain-containing protein 1ProteinHumans
Unknown
Substrate
Details
PhylloquinoneVitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1ProteinHumans
Unknown
Substrate
Product of
Details
Drug Reactions
Reaction
Details