Viloxazine in the Management of CNS Disorders: A Historical Overview and Current Status.
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Findling RL, Candler SA, Nasser AF, Schwabe S, Yu C, Garcia-Olivares J, O'Neal W, Newcorn JH
Viloxazine in the Management of CNS Disorders: A Historical Overview and Current Status.
CNS Drugs. 2021 Jun;35(6):643-653. doi: 10.1007/s40263-021-00825-w. Epub 2021 May 18.
- PubMed ID
- 34003459 [ View in PubMed]
- Abstract
Viloxazine has a long history of clinical use in Europe as an antidepressant, and has recently been repurposed into an extended-release form for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the USA. An immediate-release formulation was approved for the treatment of depression in the UK in 1974, and was subsequently marketed there and in several European countries for 30 years with no major safety concerns. In contrast to first-generation antidepressants (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors), viloxazine was associated with a relatively low risk for cardiotoxicity. Gastrointestinal symptoms were the most commonly reported side effects. The therapeutic effects of viloxazine are thought to be primarily the result of its action as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, although in vitro and preclinical in vivo animal data suggest that viloxazine may also impact the serotoninergic system. This review summarizes the evolving knowledge of viloxazine based on information from previously published preclinical and clinical investigations, and acquired unpublished historical study reports from both open-label and blinded controlled clinical trials. We review the chemical properties, mechanism of action, safety, and tolerability across these studies, and discuss the contemporary rationale for the development of this agent as an extended-release oral formulation for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
DrugBank Data that Cites this Article
- Drugs
- Drug Targets
Drug Target Kind Organism Pharmacological Action Actions Viloxazine Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor Protein Humans UnknownAntagonistDetails Viloxazine Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A Protein Humans UnknownInhibitorDetails Viloxazine Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B Protein Humans UnknownInhibitorDetails Viloxazine Beta-2 adrenergic receptor Protein Humans UnknownAntagonistDetails Viloxazine Histamine H1 receptor Protein Humans UnknownAntagonistDetails Viloxazine Histamine H2 receptor Protein Humans UnknownAntagonistDetails Viloxazine Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 Protein Humans UnknownAntagonistDetails Viloxazine Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 Protein Humans UnknownAntagonistDetails Viloxazine Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 Protein Humans UnknownAntagonistDetails Viloxazine Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 Protein Humans UnknownAntagonistDetails