CTLA-4: a moving target in immunotherapy.

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Rowshanravan B, Halliday N, Sansom DM

CTLA-4: a moving target in immunotherapy.

Blood. 2018 Jan 4;131(1):58-67. doi: 10.1182/blood-2017-06-741033. Epub 2017 Nov 8.

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29118008 [ View in PubMed
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Abstract

CD28 and CTLA-4 are members of a family of immunoglobulin-related receptors that are responsible for various aspects of T-cell immune regulation. The family includes CD28, CTLA-4, and ICOS as well as other proteins, including PD-1, BTLA, and TIGIT. These receptors have both stimulatory (CD28, ICOS) and inhibitory roles (CTLA-4, PD-1, BTLA, and TIGIT) in T-cell function. Increasingly, these pathways are targeted as part of immune modulatory strategies to treat cancers, referred to generically as immune checkpoint blockade, and conversely to treat autoimmunity and CTLA-4 deficiency. Here, we focus on the biology of the CD28/CTLA-4 pathway as a framework for understanding the impacts of therapeutic manipulation of this pathway.

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