PD-1 and PD-L1 in cancer immunotherapy: clinical implications and future considerations.

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Jiang Y, Chen M, Nie H, Yuan Y

PD-1 and PD-L1 in cancer immunotherapy: clinical implications and future considerations.

Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2019;15(5):1111-1122. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1571892. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

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30888929 [ View in PubMed
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Abstract

Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a cell surface receptor that functions as a T cell checkpoint and plays a central role in regulating T cell exhaustion. Binding of PD-1 to its ligand, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), activates downstream signaling pathways and inhibits T cell activation. Moreover abnormally high PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and antigen-presenting cells in the tumor microenvironment mediates tumor immune escape, and the development of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies has recently become a hot topic in cancer immunotherapy. Here, we review the structure of PD-1 and PD-L1, the function of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway, the application of PD-1 or PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies and future directions for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies with combination therapies. Cancer immunotherapy using PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade may require more studies, and this approach may be curative for patients with many types of cancer in the future.

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