Homobivalent ligands of the atypical antipsychotic clozapine: design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation.
Article Details
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McRobb FM, Crosby IT, Yuriev E, Lane JR, Capuano B
Homobivalent ligands of the atypical antipsychotic clozapine: design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation.
J Med Chem. 2012 Feb 23;55(4):1622-34. doi: 10.1021/jm201420s. Epub 2012 Feb 2.
- PubMed ID
- 22243698 [ View in PubMed]
- Abstract
To date all typical and atypical antipsychotics target the dopamine D(2) receptor. Clozapine represents the best-characterized atypical antipsychotic, although it displays only moderate (submicromolar) affinity for the dopamine D(2) receptor. Herein, we present the design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of three series of homobivalent ligands of clozapine, differing in the length and nature of the spacer and the point of attachment to the pharmacophore. Attachment of the spacer at the N4' position of clozapine yielded a series of homobivalent ligands that displayed spacer-length-dependent gains in affinity and activity for the dopamine D(2) receptor. The 16 and 18 atom spacer bivalent ligands were the highlight compounds, displaying marked low nanomolar receptor binding affinity (1.41 and 1.35 nM, respectively) and functional activity (23 and 44 nM), which correspond to significant gains in affinity (75- and 79-fold) and activity (9- and 5-fold) relative to the original pharmacophore, clozapine. As such these ligands represent useful tools with which to investigate dopamine receptor dimerization and the atypical nature of clozapine.
DrugBank Data that Cites this Article
- Binding Properties
Drug Target Property Measurement pH Temperature (°C) Clozapine Dopamine D2 receptor Ki (nM) 102.33 N/A N/A Details Clozapine Dopamine D2 receptor IC 50 (nM) 204.17 N/A N/A Details Clozapine Dopamine D2 receptor Ki (nM) 106 N/A N/A Details Clozapine Dopamine D2 receptor IC 50 (nM) 206 N/A N/A Details