Magnesium metabolism and its disorders.

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Swaminathan R

Magnesium metabolism and its disorders.

Clin Biochem Rev. 2003 May;24(2):47-66.

PubMed ID

18568054 [ View in PubMed

]

Abstract

Magnesium is the fourth most abundant cation in the body and plays an important physiological role in many of its functions. Magnesium balance is maintained by renal regulation of magnesium reabsorption. The exact mechanism of the renal regulation is not fully understood. Magnesium deficiency is a common problem in hospital patients, with a prevalence of about 10%. There are no readily available and easy methods to assess magnesium status. Serum magnesium and the magnesium tolerance test are the most widely used. Measurement of ionised magnesium may become more widely available with the availability of ion selective electrodes. Magnesium deficiency and hypomagnesaemia can result from a variety of causes including gastrointestinal and renal losses. Magnesium deficiency can cause a wide variety of features including hypocalcaemia, hypokalaemia and cardiac and neurological manifestations. Chronic low magnesium state has been associated with a number of chronic diseases including diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and osteoporosis. The use of magnesium as a therapeutic agent in asthma, myocardial infarction, and pre-eclampsia is also discussed. Hypermagnesaemia is less frequent than hypomagnesaemia and results from failure of excretion or increased intake. Hypermagnesaemia can lead to hypotension and other cardiovascular effects as well as neuromuscular manifestations. Causes and management of hypermagnesaemia are discussed.

DrugBank Data that Cites this Article

Drugs

Magnesium gluconate

Magnesium

Drug Enzymes

Drug	Enzyme	Kind	Organism	Pharmacological Action	Actions
Magnesium gluconate	6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 1	Protein	Humans	No	Inducer	Details
Magnesium gluconate	Adenylate cyclase type 1	Protein	Humans	No	Substrate	Details
Magnesium gluconate	ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial	Protein	Humans	No	Substrate	Details
Magnesium gluconate	Creatine kinase B-type	Protein	Humans	No	Substrate Inducer	Details
Magnesium gluconate	Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2	Protein	Humans	No	Substrate	Details
Magnesium gluconate	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1	Protein	Humans	No	Inducer	Details
Magnesium gluconate	Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1	Protein	Humans	No	Substrate Inducer	Details

Drug Carriers

Drug	Carrier	Kind	Organism	Pharmacological Action	Actions
Magnesium	Serum albumin	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Not Available	Details

Drug Interactions

Drugs	Interaction
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Magnesium Tetracycline	The serum concentration of Magnesium can be decreased when it is combined with Tetracycline.
Magnesium Minocycline	The serum concentration of Magnesium can be decreased when it is combined with Minocycline.
Magnesium Amiodarone	The serum concentration of Magnesium can be decreased when it is combined with Amiodarone.
Magnesium Phenytoin	The serum concentration of Magnesium can be decreased when it is combined with Phenytoin.
Magnesium Phenobarbital	The serum concentration of Magnesium can be decreased when it is combined with Phenobarbital.