Molecular MR imaging of human thrombi in a swine model of pulmonary embolism using a fibrin-specific contrast agent.

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Spuentrup E, Katoh M, Buecker A, Fausten B, Wiethoff AJ, Wildberger JE, Haage P, Parsons EC Jr, Botnar RM, Graham PB, Vettelschoss M, Gunther RW

Molecular MR imaging of human thrombi in a swine model of pulmonary embolism using a fibrin-specific contrast agent.

Invest Radiol. 2007 Aug;42(8):586-95.

PubMed ID

17620942 [ View in PubMed

]

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Molecular targeted MR imaging of human clots material in a model of pulmonary embolism using a fibrin-specific magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent (EP-2104R, EPIX Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fresh ex vivo engineered thrombi (human blood) and human clots removed from patients were delivered in 11 swine. Molecular MR imaging with a 3D gradient-echo [3D fast field echo (3DFFE)] sequence and a navigator-gated and cardiac-triggered 3D inversion-recovery black-blood gradient-echo sequence (IR) was performed before thrombus delivery, after thrombus delivery but before contrast media application, and 2 hours after i.v. administration of 4 micromol/kg EP-2104R. MR images were analyzed by 2 investigators and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was assessed. Thrombi were removed for assessment of gadolinium (Gd) concentration. RESULTS: Only after contrast media application were pulmonary emboli [freshly engineered thrombi (n = 23) and human clot material removed from patients (n = 25)] visualized as white foci on MR images. CNR was 13 +/- 3 (ex vivo engineered clot) and 22 +/- 9 (patient clot material) for the fast field echo (FFE)-sequence and 29 +/- 9 (ex vivo engineered clot) and 43 +/- 18 (patient clot material) for the IR-sequence, respectively. A high Gd concentration in the clots was found (82 +/- 43 microM for the freshly engineered and 247 +/- 44 microM for the clots removed from patients, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: EP-2104R allows for molecular MR imaging of human clot material in the pulmonary vessels of a swine model.

DrugBank Data that Cites this Article

Drugs

EP-2104R

Drug Targets

Drug	Target	Kind	Organism	Pharmacological Action	Actions
EP-2104R	Fibrinogen alpha chain	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Not Available	Details