Esomeprazole

Identification

Summary

Esomeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to treat GERD, reduce the risk of NSAID associated gastric ulcers, eradicate H. pylori, and to treat conditions causing gastric acid hypersecretion.

Brand Names
Nexium, Vimovo
Generic Name
Esomeprazole
DrugBank Accession Number
DB00736
Background

Esomeprazole, sold under the brand name Nexium, is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) medication used for the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), for gastric protection to prevent recurrence of stomach ulcers or gastric damage from chronic use of NSAIDs, and for the treatment of pathological hypersecretory conditions including Zollinger-Ellison (ZE) Syndrome. It can also be found in quadruple regimens for the treatment of H. pylori infections along with other antibiotics including Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin, and Metronidazole, for example.7,10 Its efficacy is considered similar to other medications within the PPI class including Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, Lansoprazole, Dexlansoprazole, and Rabeprazole. Esomeprazole is the s-isomer of Omeprazole, which is a racemate of the S- and R-enantiomer. Esomeprazole has been shown to inhibit acid secretion to a similar extent as Omeprazole, without any significant differences between the two compounds in vitro.

Esomeprazole exerts its stomach acid-suppressing effects by preventing the final step in gastric acid production by covalently binding to sulfhydryl groups of cysteines found on the (H+, K+)-ATPase enzyme at the secretory surface of gastric parietal cells. This effect leads to inhibition of both basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion, irrespective of the stimulus. As the binding of esomeprazole to the (H+, K+)-ATPase enzyme is irreversible and new enzyme needs to be expressed in order to resume acid secretion, esomeprazole's duration of antisecretory effect persists longer than 24 hours.Label

PPIs such as esomeprazole have also been shown to inhibit the activity of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), an enzyme necessary for cardiovascular health. DDAH inhibition causes a consequent accumulation of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginie (ADMA), which is thought to cause the association of PPIs with increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients with unstable coronary syndromes.3,4

Due to their good safety profile and as several PPIs are available over the counter without a prescription, their current use in North America is widespread. Long term use of PPIs such as esomeprazole has been associated with possible adverse effects, however, including increased susceptibility to bacterial infections (including gastrointestinal C. difficile), reduced absorption of micronutrients such as iron and B12, and an increased risk of developing hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia which may contribute to osteoporosis and bone fractures later in life.5

Rapid discontinuation of PPIs such as esomeprazole may cause a rebound effect and a short term increase in hypersecretion.6 Esomeprazole doses should be slowly lowered, or tapered, before discontinuing to prevent this rebound effect.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational
Structure
Weight
Average: 345.416
Monoisotopic: 345.114712179
Chemical Formula
C17H19N3O3S
Synonyms
  • (−)-omeprazole
  • (S)-(−)-omeprazole
  • (S)-omeprazole
  • Esomeprazol
  • Ésoméprazole
  • Esomeprazole
  • Esomeprazolum
  • Omeprazole S-form
  • Perprazole
External IDs
  • A02BC05
  • H 199/18

Pharmacology

Indication

Esomeprazole is indicated for the treatment of acid-reflux disorders including healing and maintenance of erosive esophagitis, and symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease, H. pylori eradication, prevention of gastrointestinal bleeds with NSAID use, and for the long-term treatment of pathological hypersecretory conditions including Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Used in combination to treatDuodenal ulcerCombination Product in combination with: Sodium bicarbonate (DB01390)••••••••••••••••••
Treatment ofErosive esophagitis••••••••••••
Used in combination to manageErosive esophagitis (ee)Combination Product in combination with: Sodium bicarbonate (DB01390)••••••••••••••••••
Used in combination for symptomatic treatment ofErosive esophagitis (ee)Combination Product in combination with: Sodium bicarbonate (DB01390)••••••••••••••••••
Management ofGerd••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Esomeprazole is a compound that inhibits gastric acid secretion and is indicated in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), the healing of erosive esophagitis, and H. pylori eradication to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence. Esomeprazole belongs to a new class of antisecretory compounds, the substituted benzimidazoles, that do not exhibit anticholinergic or H2 histamine antagonistic properties, but that suppress gastric acid secretion by specific inhibition of the H+/K+ ATPase at the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cell. By doing so, it inhibits acid secretion into the gsatric lumen. This effect is dose-related and leads to inhibition of both basal and stimulated acid secretion irrespective of the stimulus.

Esomeprazole is the s-isomer of Omeprazole, which is a racemate of the S- and R-enantiomer. Esomeprazole has been shown to inhibit acid secretion to a similar extent as Omeprazole, without any significant differences between the two compounds in vitro.

PPIs such as esomeprazole have also been shown to inhibit the activity of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), an enzyme necessary for cardiovascular health. DDAH inhibition causes a consequent accumulation of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginie (ADMA), which is thought to cause the association of PPIs with increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients with unstable coronary syndromes.3,4

Due to their good safety profile and as several PPIs are available over the counter without a prescription, their current use in North America is widespread. Long term use of PPIs such as esomeprazole has been associated with possible adverse effects, however, including increased susceptibility to bacterial infections (including gastrointestinal C. difficile), reduced absorption of micronutrients including iron and B12, and an increased risk of developing hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia which may contribute to osteoporosis and bone fractures later in life.5

Mechanism of action

Esomeprazole exerts its stomach acid-suppressing effects by preventing the final step in gastric acid production by covalently binding to sulfhydryl groups of cysteines found on the (H+, K+)-ATPase enzyme at the secretory surface of gastric parietal cells. This effect leads to inhibition of both basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion, irrespective of the stimulus. As the binding of esomeprazole to the (H+, K+)-ATPase enzyme is irreversible and new enzyme needs to be expressed in order to resume acid secretion, esomeprazole's duration of antisecretory effect that persists longer than 24 hours.Label

TargetActionsOrganism
APotassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1
inhibitor
Humans
APotassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta
modulator
Humans
UN(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1Not AvailableHumans
Absorption

After oral administration, peak plasma levels (Cmax) occur at approximately 1.5 hours (Tmax). The Cmax increases proportionally when the dose is increased, and there is a three-fold increase in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) from 20 to 40 mg. At repeated once-daily dosing with 40 mg, the systemic bioavailability is approximately 90% compared to 64% after a single dose of 40 mg. The mean exposure (AUC) to esomeprazole increases from 4.32 μmolhr/L on Day 1 to 11.2 μmolhr/L on Day 5 after 40 mg once daily dosing. The AUC after administration of a single 40 mg dose of Esomeprazole is decreased by 43% to 53% after food intake compared to fasting conditions. Esomeprazole should be taken at least one hour before meals.Label

Combination Therapy with Antimicrobials:

Esomeprazole magnesium 40 mg once daily was given in combination with Clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily and Amoxicillin 1000 mg twice daily for 7 days to 17 healthy male and female subjects. The mean steady state AUC and Cmax of esomeprazole increased by 70% and 18%, respectively during triple combination therapy compared to treatment with esomeprazole alone. The observed increase in esomeprazole exposure during co-administration with clarithromycin and amoxicillin is not expected to produce significant safety concerns.

Volume of distribution

The apparent volume of distribution at steady state in healthy volunteers is approximately 16 L.Label

Protein binding

Esomeprazole is 97% bound to plasma proteins. Plasma protein binding is constant over the concentration range of 2 to 20 µmol/L.Label

Metabolism

Esomeprazole is extensively metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme system. The metabolites of esomeprazole lack antisecretory activity. The major part of esomeprazole’s metabolism is dependent upon the CYP2C19 isoenzyme, which forms the hydroxy and desmethyl metabolites. The remaining amount is dependent on CYP3A4 which forms the sulphone metabolite. CYP2C19 isoenzyme exhibits polymorphism in the metabolism of esomeprazole, since some 3% of Caucasians and 15 to 20% of Asians lack CYP2C19 and are termed Poor Metabolizers.Label However, the influence of CYP 2C19 polymorphism is less pronounced for esomeprazole than for omeprazole.9 At steady state, the ratio of AUC in Poor Metabolizers to AUC in the rest of the population (Extensive Metabolizers) is approximately 2.

Following administration of equimolar doses, the S- and R-isomers are metabolized differently by the liver, resulting in higher plasma levels of the S- than of the R-isomer.Label

Nine major urinary metabolites have been detected. The two main metabolites have been identified as hydroxyesomeprazole and the corresponding carboxylic acid. Three major metabolites have been identified in plasma: the 5-O-desmethyl- and sulphone derivatives and hydroxyesomeprazole. The major metabolites of esomeprazole have no effect on gastric acid secretion.9

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Route of elimination

The plasma elimination half-life of esomeprazole is approximately 1 to 1.5 hours. Less than 1% of parent drug is excreted in the urine. Approximately 80% of an oral dose of esomeprazole is excreted as inactive metabolites in the urine, and the remainder is found as inactive metabolites in the feces.

Half-life

1-1.5 hours

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Blurred vision, confusion, drowsiness, dry mouth, flushing headache, nausea, rapid heartbeat, sweating

Pathways
PathwayCategory
Esomeprazole Metabolism PathwayDrug metabolism
Esomeprazole Action PathwayDrug action
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Interacting Gene/EnzymeAllele nameGenotype(s)Defining Change(s)Type(s)DescriptionDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*2(A;A)A Allele, homozygoteEffect Directly StudiedPatients with this genotype have reduced metabolism of esomeprazole.Details
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*3(A;A)A Allele, homozygoteEffect Directly StudiedPatients with this genotype have reduced metabolism of esomeprazole.Details
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*2ANot Available681G>AEffect InferredPoor metabolizer, lower dose requirement, improved drug efficacyDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*2BNot Available681G>AEffect InferredPoor metabolizer, lower dose requirement, improved drug efficacyDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*4Not Available1A>GEffect InferredPoor metabolizer, lower dose requirement, improved drug efficacyDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*5Not Available1297C>TEffect InferredPoor metabolizer, lower dose requirement, improved drug efficacyDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*6Not Available395G>AEffect InferredPoor metabolizer, lower dose requirement, improved drug efficacyDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*7Not Available19294T>AEffect InferredPoor metabolizer, lower dose requirement, improved drug efficacyDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*22Not Available557G>C / 991A>GEffect InferredPoor metabolizer, lower dose requirement, improved drug efficacyDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*24Not Available99C>T / 991A>G  … show all Effect InferredPoor metabolizer, lower dose requirement, improved drug efficacyDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*35Not Available12662A>GEffect InferredPoor metabolizer, lower dose requirement, improved drug efficacyDetails

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbametapirThe serum concentration of Esomeprazole can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
AbataceptThe metabolism of Esomeprazole can be increased when combined with Abatacept.
AbrocitinibThe metabolism of Abrocitinib can be decreased when combined with Esomeprazole.
AcenocoumarolThe metabolism of Acenocoumarol can be decreased when combined with Esomeprazole.
AcyclovirThe excretion of Acyclovir can be decreased when combined with Esomeprazole.
Food Interactions
  • Take with or without food. Co-administration with food slightly alters pharmacokinetics, but not to a clinically significant extent.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Esomeprazole magnesium925R0D7W1O161973-10-0KWORUUGOSLYAGD-YPPDDXJESA-N
Esomeprazole magnesium dihydrate36H71644EQ217087-10-0DBOUSUONOXEWHU-VCKZSRROSA-N
Esomeprazole magnesium trihydrateR6DXU4WAY9217087-09-7VEVZQDGATGBLIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Esomeprazole sodiumL2C9GWQ43H161796-78-7RYXPMWYHEBGTRV-JIDHJSLPSA-N
Esomeprazole strontiumSCC2RK476A914613-86-8FEVPVZSYBDUVGY-YPPDDXJESA-N
Esomeprazole strontium hydrateC5N25H3803934714-36-0NCGHIAKEJNQSMS-QLGOZJDFSA-N
Product Images
International/Other Brands
Alenia (Delta) / Awa-Block (Usawa) / Axagon (Simesa) / Cor (Prater) / Cronopep (Biotoscana) / Emanera (Krka) / Emep (Aristopharma) / Emozul (HYGIA) / ES-OD (Piramal Healthcare) / Esmep (HYGIA) / Eso (Asiatic Lab) / Esofag (Micro Labs) / Esolok (Ibn Sina) / Esomarfan (Marfan) / Esomenta (RAK) / Esomep (ACI) / Esomeprazol Genfar (Genfar S.A) / Esopral (Maquifarma) / Esorest (Centaur) / Inexium paranova / Lucen (Malesci) / Nexiam (AstraZeneca)
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
EsomeprazoleTablet, delayed release20 mgOralSivem Pharmaceuticals Ulc2015-07-22Not applicableCanada flag
EsomeprazoleTablet, delayed release20 mgOralPro Doc Limitee2013-06-06Not applicableCanada flag
EsomeprazoleTablet, delayed release20 mgOralJamp Pharma Corporation2022-06-27Not applicableCanada flag
EsomeprazoleTablet, delayed release40 mgOralTEVA Canada LimitedNot applicableNot applicableCanada flag
EsomeprazoleTablet, delayed release20 mgOralRanbaxy Inc.Not applicableNot applicableCanada flag
Generic Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Apo-esomeprazoleTablet, delayed release40 mgOralApotex Corporation2011-03-07Not applicableCanada flag
Apo-esomeprazoleTablet, delayed release20 mgOralApotex Corporation2012-03-02Not applicableCanada flag
Esomeprazole DRCapsule, delayed release20 mg/1OralDirect_Rx2022-09-13Not applicableUS flag
Esomeprazole Magneisum D/rCapsule, delayed release40 mg/1OralDirect_Rx2019-06-04Not applicableUS flag
Esomeprazole MagnesiumCapsule, delayed release40 mg/1Oralbryant ranch prepack2015-10-19Not applicableUS flag
Over the Counter Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Acid ReducerTablet, delayed release20 mg/1OralCardinal Health (Leader) 700002021-04-30Not applicableUS flag
Acid ReducerTablet, delayed release20 mg/1OralP & L Development, LLC2020-12-31Not applicableUS flag
Acid ReducerTablet20 mg/1OralWalgreens2022-11-04Not applicableUS flag
Acid ReducerTablet, delayed release20 mg/1OralCVS PHARMACY2021-12-31Not applicableUS flag
Acid ReducerTablet, delayed release20 mg/1OralRite Aid Corporation2021-07-23Not applicableUS flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Anodyne IleEsomeprazole magnesium trihydrate (40 mg/1) + Ibuprofen (100 mg/5mL) + Levomenthol (1 g/100g) + Lidocaine (4 g/100g)KitOral; TopicalFortus Pharma, Llc2017-10-162018-08-27US flag
CHRYSTELLEEsomeprazole magnesium dihydrate (0.02 MG) + Estradiol (3 MG)Tablet, film coatedEg S.P.A.2014-07-08Not applicableItaly flag
ESOVIP 20/1680 MG TOZ İÇEREN SAŞE, 14 ADETEsomeprazole (20 mg) + Sodium bicarbonate (1680 mg)PowderOralCELTİS İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş.2012-11-22Not applicableTurkey flag
ESOVIP 20/1680 MG TOZ İÇEREN SAŞE, 28 ADETEsomeprazole (20 mg) + Sodium bicarbonate (1680 mg)PowderOralCELTİS İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş.2012-11-22Not applicableTurkey flag
Mylan-naproxen/esomeprazole MrEsomeprazole magnesium (20 mg) + Naproxen (375 mg)Tablet, delayed releaseOralMylan Pharmaceuticals2017-02-27Not applicableCanada flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
PharmapureRx ESOMEP-EZSEsomeprazole magnesium dihydrate (20 mg/1)KitOralPureTek Corporation2017-07-262021-05-31US flag

Categories

ATC Codes
A02BD06 — Esomeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycinA02BC05 — EsomeprazoleM01AE52 — Naproxen and esomeprazole
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sulfinylbenzimidazoles. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a sulfinyl group attached at the position 2 of a benzimidazole moiety.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organoheterocyclic compounds
Class
Benzimidazoles
Sub Class
Sulfinylbenzimidazoles
Direct Parent
Sulfinylbenzimidazoles
Alternative Parents
Anisoles / Methylpyridines / Alkyl aryl ethers / Imidazoles / Heteroaromatic compounds / Sulfoxides / Sulfinyl compounds / Azacyclic compounds / Organopnictogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds
show 2 more
Substituents
Alkyl aryl ether / Anisole / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Azacycle / Azole / Benzenoid / Ether / Heteroaromatic compound / Hydrocarbon derivative / Imidazole
show 12 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
5-methoxy-2-\{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl\}-1H-benzimidazole (CHEBI:50275)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
N3PA6559FT
CAS number
119141-88-7
InChI Key
SUBDBMMJDZJVOS-DEOSSOPVSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C17H19N3O3S/c1-10-8-18-15(11(2)16(10)23-4)9-24(21)17-19-13-6-5-12(22-3)7-14(13)20-17/h5-8H,9H2,1-4H3,(H,19,20)/t24-/m0/s1
IUPAC Name
5-methoxy-2-[(S)-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methanesulfinyl]-1H-1,3-benzodiazole
SMILES
COC1=CC2=C(NC(=N2)[S@@](=O)CC2=NC=C(C)C(OC)=C2C)C=C1

References

Synthesis Reference

Manne Reddy, "Amorphous hydrates of esomeprazole magnesium and process for the preparation thereof." U.S. Patent US20040167173, issued August 26, 2004.

US20040167173
General References
  1. Lind T, Rydberg L, Kyleback A, Jonsson A, Andersson T, Hasselgren G, Holmberg J, Rohss K: Esomeprazole provides improved acid control vs. omeprazole In patients with symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2000 Jul;14(7):861-7. [Article]
  2. Klotz U: Clinical impact of CYP2C19 polymorphism on the action of proton pump inhibitors: a review of a special problem. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Jul;44(7):297-302. [Article]
  3. Ghebremariam YT, LePendu P, Lee JC, Erlanson DA, Slaviero A, Shah NH, Leiper J, Cooke JP: Unexpected effect of proton pump inhibitors: elevation of the cardiovascular risk factor asymmetric dimethylarginine. Circulation. 2013 Aug 20;128(8):845-53. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003602. Epub 2013 Jul 3. [Article]
  4. Tommasi S, Elliot DJ, Hulin JA, Lewis BC, McEvoy M, Mangoni AA: Human dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 inhibition by proton pump inhibitors and the cardiovascular risk marker asymmetric dimethylarginine: in vitro and in vivo significance. Sci Rep. 2017 Jun 6;7(1):2871. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-03069-1. [Article]
  5. Haastrup PF, Thompson W, Sondergaard J, Jarbol DE: Side Effects of Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use: A Review. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2018 Aug;123(2):114-121. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.13023. Epub 2018 May 24. [Article]
  6. Reimer C, Sondergaard B, Hilsted L, Bytzer P: Proton-pump inhibitor therapy induces acid-related symptoms in healthy volunteers after withdrawal of therapy. Gastroenterology. 2009 Jul;137(1):80-7, 87.e1. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.03.058. Epub 2009 Apr 10. [Article]
  7. Fallone CA, Chiba N, van Zanten SV, Fischbach L, Gisbert JP, Hunt RH, Jones NL, Render C, Leontiadis GI, Moayyedi P, Marshall JK: The Toronto Consensus for the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Adults. Gastroenterology. 2016 Jul;151(1):51-69.e14. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.04.006. Epub 2016 Apr 19. [Article]
  8. DailyMed Label: NEXIUM (esomeprazole magnesium) delayed-release capsules or granules, for oral use [Link]
  9. Health Canada Label - Esomeprazole [File]
  10. TOP Guidelines - H pylori [File]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0005009
KEGG Drug
D07917
PubChem Compound
9568614
PubChem Substance
46504894
ChemSpider
7843323
RxNav
283742
ChEBI
50275
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1201320
ZINC
ZINC000004693574
Therapeutic Targets Database
DCL000524
PharmGKB
PA10075
Guide to Pharmacology
GtP Drug Page
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Esomeprazole
FDA label
Download (1.02 MB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCountStart DateWhy Stopped100+ additional columns
Not AvailableCompletedNot AvailableCalcium Metabolism Disorders1somestatusstop reasonjust information to hide
Not AvailableCompletedNot AvailableCommunity Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) / Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)1somestatusstop reasonjust information to hide
Not AvailableCompletedNot AvailableGastro-esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) / Quality of Life (QOL)1somestatusstop reasonjust information to hide
Not AvailableCompletedNot AvailableGastroesophageal Reflux1somestatusstop reasonjust information to hide
Not AvailableCompletedNot AvailableHelicobacter Pylori1somestatusstop reasonjust information to hide

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
  • Astrazeneca lp
Packagers
  • AQ Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • A-S Medication Solutions LLC
  • AstraZeneca Inc.
  • Cardinal Health
  • Direct Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
  • Innoviant Pharmacy Inc.
  • Lake Erie Medical and Surgical Supply
  • Merck & Co.
  • Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Palmetto Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Physicians Total Care Inc.
  • Prepackage Specialists
  • Rebel Distributors Corp.
  • Southwood Pharmaceuticals
  • Stat Rx Usa
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
CapsuleOral40.00 mg
CapsuleOral22.250 mg
KitOral; Topical
Injection, powder, for solution40 MG
Tablet, film coated
Tablet, coatedOral20 mg
Capsule, delayed release pelletsOral20 mg
Capsule, delayed release pelletsOral40 mg
CapsuleOral20 mg
CapsuleOral40 mg
PowderIntravenous40 mg/1vial
PowderIntravenous40 mg
Powder, for solutionIntravenous40 mg
TabletOral
Capsule, delayed releaseOral22.25 MG
Capsule, delayed releaseOral44.5 MG
Tablet, delayed releaseOral22.545 MG
Tablet, delayed releaseOral45.09 MG
Capsule, coated pelletsOral20 mg
Capsule, coated pelletsOral40 mg
InjectionIntravenous40 mg
Capsule, coatedOral4000000 mg
Capsule, coatedOral2000000 mg
GranuleOral5 mg
InjectionIntravenous
Tablet, delayed releaseOral20 mg
Tablet, delayed releaseOral40 mg
Tablet, delayed releaseOral4000000 mg
Injection, powder, for solutionParenteral
Tablet, delayed releaseOral
Tablet, coatedOral2000000 mg
CapsuleOral20 mg/1
Tablet, delayed releaseOral20 mg/1
Tablet, orally disintegrating, delayed releaseOral20 mg/1
Capsule, coated pelletsOral20 mg/1
Capsule, coated pelletsOral40 mg/1
Capsule, delayed releaseOral40 1/1
Capsule, delayed release pelletsOral20 mg/1
Capsule, delayed release pelletsOral40 mg/1
For suspensionOral20 mg/1
For suspensionOral40 mg/1
Granule, for suspension, extended releaseOral10 mg/1
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous40 mg
InjectionIntravenous40 mg/5mL
Injection, powder, for solution40 MG/ML
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous40 mg/5ml
Injection, powder, for solution; injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous40 mg
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous120 mg
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous20 mg/5mL
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous20 mg/1
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous40 mg/1
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous40 mg/5mL
Capsule, delayed releaseOral24.65 mg/1
Capsule, delayed releaseOral49.3 mg/1
TabletOral40 MG
Capsule, delayed releaseOral
Powder, for solutionParenteral40 MG
Tablet, delayed releaseOral22.21 mg
Capsule, coatedOral20 mg
CapsuleOral
PowderOral
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous40 mg
Tablet, coatedOral20.00 mg
Tablet, coatedOral40.00 mg
Injection, powder, for solution
Tablet, film coatedOral20 mg
Tablet, delayed releaseOral22.264 Mg
Tablet, delayed releaseOral44.528 Mg
Capsule, coatedOral41.2 mg
Capsule, coatedOral40 mg
Tablet, coatedOral40 mg
GranuleOral10 MG
Injection, powder, for solutionParenteral40 MG
SolutionIntravenous42.533 mg
TabletOral41.400 mg
GranuleOral2.500 mg
TabletOral20.000 mg
Tablet, film coatedOral
GranuleOral2.5 mg
GranuleOral0.167 g
GranuleOral20 mg
GranuleOral40 mg
Injection, powder, for solution; injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution40 mg
Capsule, delayed releaseOral20 mg/1
Capsule, delayed releaseOral40 mg/1
GranuleOral11.1 MG
Granule, delayed releaseOral10 mg/1
Granule, delayed releaseOral10 mg / sachet
Granule, delayed releaseOral2.5 mg/1
Granule, delayed releaseOral20 mg/1
Granule, delayed releaseOral40 mg/1
Granule, delayed releaseOral5 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral40 mg
Granule, delayed releaseOral10 MG
TabletOral20 mg/1
TabletOral20 MG
InjectionIntravenous20 mg/5mL
SolutionParenteral40.000 mg
Tablet, film coatedOral
Tablet, coatedOral
CapsuleOral44.500 mg
Capsule, extended releaseOral40 mg
KitOral20 mg/1
Capsule, delayed releaseOral20 mg
Capsule, delayed releaseOral40 mg
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous42.5 mg
Tablet, coatedOral44.55 mg
Capsule, coatedOral
TabletOral44.569 mg
Tablet, delayed releaseOral22545 Mg
SolutionIntravenous42.60 mg
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous40.00 mg
CapsuleOral20.0000 mg
SolutionIntravenous42.547 mg
TabletOral
Tablet, delayed releaseOral
Tablet, extended releaseOral
Solution40.000 mg
Injection, powder, for solution40 mg/1vial
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Nexium i.v. 20 mg vial33.91USD vial
Nexium i.v. 40 mg vial33.91USD vial
NexIUM 20 mg Delayed Release Capsule6.76USD capsule
NexIUM 40 mg Delayed Release Capsule6.76USD capsule
Nexium 10 mg packet6.5USD each
Nexium 20 mg capsule6.5USD capsule
Nexium 20 mg packet6.5USD each
Nexium 40 mg capsule6.5USD capsule
Nexium 40 mg packet6.5USD each
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US5877192No1999-03-022014-05-27US flag
CA1338377No1996-06-112013-06-11Canada flag
CA2346988No2009-02-102019-11-03Canada flag
US6191148Yes2001-02-202019-04-09US flag
US6147103Yes2000-11-142019-04-09US flag
US6166213Yes2000-12-262019-04-09US flag
US5900424Yes1999-05-042016-11-04US flag
US6369085Yes2002-04-092018-11-25US flag
US6428810Yes2002-08-062020-05-03US flag
US7411070Yes2008-08-122018-11-25US flag
US8466175Yes2013-06-182018-11-25US flag
US8852636No2014-10-072022-05-31US flag
US8858996No2014-10-142022-05-31US flag
US6926907No2005-08-092023-02-28US flag
US7745466No2010-06-292018-10-13US flag
US9161920No2015-10-202022-05-31US flag
US9198888No2015-12-012022-05-31US flag
US8945621No2015-02-032031-10-17US flag
US8557285No2013-10-152022-05-31US flag
US9220698No2015-12-292031-03-10US flag
US5714504Yes1998-02-032015-08-03US flag
US9345695No2016-05-242022-05-31US flag
US9393208No2016-07-192029-09-03US flag
US9707181No2017-07-182022-05-31US flag
US10076494No2018-09-182036-12-08US flag
US10835488No2020-11-172036-12-08US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)155 °CNot Available
water solubilityVery slightly soluble in waterNot Available
logP0.6Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.353 mg/mLALOGPS
logP1.66ALOGPS
logP2.43Chemaxon
logS-3ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)9.68Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)4.77Chemaxon
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area77.1 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count5Chemaxon
Refractivity93.66 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability35.81 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings3Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.9968
Blood Brain Barrier-0.6326
Caco-2 permeable+0.8867
P-glycoprotein substrateNon-substrate0.5573
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IInhibitor0.6622
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.968
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.542
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.7838
CYP450 2D6 substrateSubstrate0.6175
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.6901
CYP450 1A2 substrateInhibitor0.7505
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.907
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9231
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorInhibitor0.8994
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorInhibitor0.796
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityHigh CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.7895
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.5692
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.8318
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.9778
Rat acute toxicity2.2254 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.719
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.8977
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-0udj-0902000000-d7c360235f936b712320
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0f6t-0049000000-dd6465ff98d6ab7b732e
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0005-1904000000-2c0b41fb687c7276742c
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0f6t-0935000000-8e10633e2e9d56c4305a
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-0900000000-9fd0b7267901f29c8a26
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-4900000000-c49d95c2f14e14dc5350
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-0910000000-3cb2734362e389c7f316
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-204.5956042
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-204.4013042
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-203.6952042
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-181.43503
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+206.3136042
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+205.6878042
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+205.1514042
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+183.79305
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+205.3173042
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+204.4892042
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+205.0212042
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+190.64558
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
The catalytic subunit of the gastric H(+)/K(+) ATPase pump which transports H(+) ions in exchange for K(+) ions across the apical membrane of parietal cells. Uses ATP as an energy source to pump H(+) ions to the gastric lumen while transporting K(+) ion from the lumen into the cell (By similarity). Remarkably generates a million-fold proton gradient across the gastric parietal cell membrane, acidifying the gastric juice down to pH 1 (By similarity). Within a transport cycle, the transfer of a H(+) ion across the membrane is coupled to ATP hydrolysis and is associated with a transient phosphorylation that shifts the pump conformation from inward-facing (E1) to outward-facing state (E2). The release of the H(+) ion in the stomach lumen is followed by binding of K(+) ion converting the pump conformation back to the E1 state (By similarity)
Specific Function
ATP binding
Gene Name
ATP4A
Uniprot ID
P20648
Uniprot Name
Potassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1
Molecular Weight
114117.74 Da
References
  1. Saccar CL: The pharmacology of esomeprazole and its role in gastric acid related diseases. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2009 Sep;5(9):1113-24. doi: 10.1517/17425250903124363. [Article]
  2. McKeage K, Blick SK, Croxtall JD, Lyseng-Williamson KA, Keating GM: Esomeprazole: a review of its use in the management of gastric acid-related diseases in adults. Drugs. 2008;68(11):1571-607. [Article]
  3. Vachhani R, Olds G, Velanovich V: Esomeprazole: a proton pump inhibitor. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Feb;3(1):15-27. doi: 10.1586/17474124.3.1.15. [Article]
  4. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Modulator
General Function
The beta subunit of the gastric H(+)/K(+) ATPase pump which transports H(+) ions in exchange for K(+) ions across the apical membrane of parietal cells. Plays a structural and regulatory role in the assembly and membrane targeting of a functionally active pump (By similarity). Within a transport cycle, the transfer of a H(+) ion across the membrane is coupled to ATP hydrolysis and is associated with a transient phosphorylation of the alpha subunit that shifts the pump conformation from inward-facing (E1) to outward-facing state (E2). Interacts with the phosphorylation domain of the alpha subunit and functions as a ratchet, stabilizing the lumenal-open E2 conformation and preventing the reverse reaction of the transport cycle (By similarity)
Specific Function
ATPase activator activity
Gene Name
ATP4B
Uniprot ID
P51164
Uniprot Name
Potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta
Molecular Weight
33366.95 Da
References
  1. Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Yu X, Shen X, Zhou Y, Wang S, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Zhu F: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database describing target druggability information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 5;52(D1):D1465-D1477. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad751. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Hydrolyzes N(G),N(G)-dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA) and N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (MMA) which act as inhibitors of NOS. Has therefore a role in the regulation of nitric oxide generation
Specific Function
amino acid binding
Gene Name
DDAH1
Uniprot ID
O94760
Uniprot Name
N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1
Molecular Weight
31121.5 Da
References
  1. Ghebremariam YT, LePendu P, Lee JC, Erlanson DA, Slaviero A, Shah NH, Leiper J, Cooke JP: Unexpected effect of proton pump inhibitors: elevation of the cardiovascular risk factor asymmetric dimethylarginine. Circulation. 2013 Aug 20;128(8):845-53. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003602. Epub 2013 Jul 3. [Article]
  2. Tommasi S, Elliot DJ, Hulin JA, Lewis BC, McEvoy M, Mangoni AA: Human dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 inhibition by proton pump inhibitors and the cardiovascular risk marker asymmetric dimethylarginine: in vitro and in vivo significance. Sci Rep. 2017 Jun 6;7(1):2871. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-03069-1. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:18577768, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:18577768, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Hydroxylates PUFA specifically at the omega-1 position (PubMed:18577768). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of PUFA (PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Also metabolizes plant monoterpenes such as limonene. Oxygenates (R)- and (S)-limonene to produce carveol and perillyl alcohol (PubMed:11950794). Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine. Hydroxylates fenbendazole at the 4' position (PubMed:23959307)
Specific Function
(R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activity
Gene Name
CYP2C19
Uniprot ID
P33261
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C19
Molecular Weight
55944.565 Da
References
  1. Klotz U: Clinical impact of CYP2C19 polymorphism on the action of proton pump inhibitors: a review of a special problem. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Jul;44(7):297-302. [Article]
  2. Modak AS, Klyarytska I, Kriviy V, Tsapyak T, Rabotyagova Y: The effect of proton pump inhibitors on the CYP2C19 enzyme activity evaluated by the pantoprazole-(13)C breath test in GERD patients: clinical relevance for personalized medicine. J Breath Res. 2016 Dec 17;10(4):046017. doi: 10.1088/1752-7163/10/4/046017. [Article]
  3. Esomeprazole Therapy and CYP2C19 Genotype [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of sterols, steroid hormones, retinoids and fatty acids (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11093772, PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20702771, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599, PubMed:2732228). Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2, as well as D-ring hydroxylated E1 and E2 at the C-16 position (PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847). Plays a role in the metabolism of androgens, particularly in oxidative deactivation of testosterone (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:22773874, PubMed:2732228). Metabolizes testosterone to less biologically active 2beta- and 6beta-hydroxytestosterones (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:2732228). Contributes to the formation of hydroxycholesterols (oxysterols), particularly A-ring hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-4beta position, and side chain hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-25 position, likely contributing to cholesterol degradation and bile acid biosynthesis (PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:9435160). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of PUFA with a preference for the last double bond (PubMed:19965576). Metabolizes endocannabinoid arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) to 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides (EpETrE-EAs), potentially modulating endocannabinoid system signaling (PubMed:20702771). Plays a role in the metabolism of retinoids. Displays high catalytic activity for oxidation of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinal, a rate-limiting step for the biosynthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) (PubMed:10681376). Further metabolizes atRA toward 4-hydroxyretinoate and may play a role in hepatic atRA clearance (PubMed:11093772). Responsible for oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. Acts as a 2-exo-monooxygenase for plant lipid 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) (PubMed:11159812). Metabolizes the majority of the administered drugs. Catalyzes sulfoxidation of the anthelmintics albendazole and fenbendazole (PubMed:10759686). Hydroxylates antimalarial drug quinine (PubMed:8968357). Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase (PubMed:11695850). Also involved in vitamin D catabolism and calcium homeostasis. Catalyzes the inactivation of the active hormone calcitriol (1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)) (PubMed:29461981)
Specific Function
1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase activity
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight
57342.67 Da

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
Translocates drugs and phospholipids across the membrane (PubMed:2897240, PubMed:35970996, PubMed:8898203, PubMed:9038218). Catalyzes the flop of phospholipids from the cytoplasmic to the exoplasmic leaflet of the apical membrane. Participates mainly to the flop of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, beta-D-glucosylceramides and sphingomyelins (PubMed:8898203). Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells (PubMed:2897240, PubMed:35970996, PubMed:9038218)
Specific Function
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity
Gene Name
ABCB1
Uniprot ID
P08183
Uniprot Name
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1
Molecular Weight
141477.255 Da
References
  1. Pauli-Magnus C, Rekersbrink S, Klotz U, Fromm MF: Interaction of omeprazole, lansoprazole and pantoprazole with P-glycoprotein. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2001 Dec;364(6):551-7. [Article]
  2. Wedemeyer RS, Blume H: Pharmacokinetic drug interaction profiles of proton pump inhibitors: an update. Drug Saf. 2014 Apr;37(4):201-11. doi: 10.1007/s40264-014-0144-0. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Functions as an organic anion/dicarboxylate exchanger that couples organic anion uptake indirectly to the sodium gradient (PubMed:14586168, PubMed:15644426, PubMed:15846473, PubMed:16455804, PubMed:31553721). Transports organic anions such as estrone 3-sulfate (E1S) and urate in exchange for dicarboxylates such as glutarate or ketoglutarate (2-oxoglutarate) (PubMed:14586168, PubMed:15846473, PubMed:15864504, PubMed:22108572, PubMed:23832370). Plays an important role in the excretion of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the kidney and the brain (PubMed:11306713, PubMed:14586168, PubMed:15846473). E1S transport is pH- and chloride-dependent and may also involve E1S/cGMP exchange (PubMed:26377792). Responsible for the transport of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2(alpha) (PGF2(alpha)) in the basolateral side of the renal tubule (PubMed:11907186). Involved in the transport of neuroactive tryptophan metabolites kynurenate and xanthurenate (PubMed:22108572, PubMed:23832370). Functions as a biopterin transporters involved in the uptake and the secretion of coenzymes tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), dihydrobiopterin (BH2) and sepiapterin to urine, thereby determining baseline levels of blood biopterins (PubMed:28534121). May be involved in the basolateral transport of steviol, a metabolite of the popular sugar substitute stevioside (PubMed:15644426). May participate in the detoxification/ renal excretion of drugs and xenobiotics, such as the histamine H(2)-receptor antagonists fexofenadine and cimetidine, the antibiotic benzylpenicillin (PCG), the anionic herbicide 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetate (2,4-D), the diagnostic agent p-aminohippurate (PAH), the antiviral acyclovir (ACV), and the mycotoxin ochratoxin (OTA), by transporting these exogenous organic anions across the cell membrane in exchange for dicarboxylates such as 2-oxoglutarate (PubMed:11669456, PubMed:15846473, PubMed:16455804). Contributes to the renal uptake of potent uremic toxins (indoxyl sulfate (IS), indole acetate (IA), hippurate/N-benzoylglycine (HA) and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionate (CMPF)), pravastatin, PCG, E1S and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and is partly involved in the renal uptake of temocaprilat (an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor) (PubMed:14675047). May contribute to the release of cortisol in the adrenals (PubMed:15864504). Involved in one of the detoxification systems on the choroid plexus (CP), removes substrates such as E1S or taurocholate (TC), PCG, 2,4-D and PAH, from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to the blood for eventual excretion in urine and bile (By similarity). Also contributes to the uptake of several other organic compounds such as the prostanoids prostaglandin E(2) and prostaglandin F(2-alpha), L-carnitine, and the therapeutic drugs allopurinol, 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (By similarity). Mediates the transport of PAH, PCG, and the statins pravastatin and pitavastatin, from the cerebrum into the blood circulation across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In summary, plays a role in the efflux of drugs and xenobiotics, helping reduce their undesired toxicological effects on the body (By similarity)
Specific Function
organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Gene Name
SLC22A8
Uniprot ID
Q8TCC7
Uniprot Name
Organic anion transporter 3
Molecular Weight
59855.585 Da
References
  1. Chioukh R, Noel-Hudson MS, Ribes S, Fournier N, Becquemont L, Verstuyft C: Proton pump inhibitors inhibit methotrexate transport by renal basolateral organic anion transporter hOAT3. Drug Metab Dispos. 2014 Dec;42(12):2041-8. doi: 10.1124/dmd.114.058529. Epub 2014 Sep 19. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at October 08, 2024 09:29