Explore a selection of our essential drug information below, or:
Identification
- Summary
Amoxicillin is a penicillin derivative used for the treatment of infections caused by gram-positive bacteria, in particular streptococcal bacteria causing upper respiratory tract infections.
- Brand Names
- Amoxil, Augmentin, Clavulin, Moxatag, Omeclamox, Prevpac, Talicia, Voquezna 14 Day Dualpak 20;500, Voquezna 14 Day Triplepak 20;500;500
- Generic Name
- Amoxicillin
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB01060
- Background
Amoxicillin, or BRL-2333, is a penicillin G derivative first described in the literature in 1972.6 Amoxicillin has similar activity to penicillin and ampicillin, but leads to higher serum concentrations than ampicillin.6
Amoxicillin was granted FDA approval on 18 January 1974.12
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Vet approved
- Structure
Structure for Amoxicillin (DB01060)
- Weight
- Average: 365.404
Monoisotopic: 365.104541423 - Chemical Formula
- C16H19N3O5S
- Synonyms
- (2S,5R,6R)-6-{[(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]amino}-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
- 6-(p-hydroxy-α-aminophenylacetamido)penicillanic acid
- Amox
- Amoxicilina
- Amoxicillin
- Amoxicillin (anhydrous)
- Amoxicillin anhydrous
- Amoxicilline
- Amoxicillinum
- Amoxycillin
- AX
- p-Hydroxyampicillin
- α-amino-p-hydroxybenzylpenicillin
- External IDs
- NSC-277174
Pharmacology
- Indication
Amoxicillin alone is indicated to treat susceptible bacterial infections of the ear, nose, throat, genitourinary tract, skin, skin structure, and lower respiratory tract.17,18 Amoxicillin is given with calvulanic acid to treat acute bacterial sinusitis, community acquired pneumonia, lower respiratory tract infections, acute bacterial otitis media, skin and skin structure infections, and urinary tract infections.14,15,16 Amoxicillin is given with omeprazole in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection.11,13
Amoxicillin is used in combination with vonoprazan and clarithromycin as co-packaged triple therapy or in combination with vonoprazan as co-packaged dual therapy to treat H. pylori infection in adults.19
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Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Used in combination to treat Acute bacterial sinusitis (abs) Combination Product in combination with: Clavulanic acid (DB00766) •••••••••••• •••••• •••••••• •••••• Used in combination to treat Acute bacterial sinusitis (abs) Combination Product in combination with: Clavulanic acid (DB00766) •••••••••••• ••••••• •••••••• ••••••• Used in combination to treat Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (aecb) Combination Product in combination with: Clavulanic acid (DB00766) •••••••••••• •••••• •••••••• •••••• Used in combination to treat Acute otitis media Combination Product in combination with: Clavulanic acid (DB00766) •••••••••••• ••••••• ••• ••••••••••• ••••••• ••••••• •••••••• Used in combination to treat Acute otitis media (aom) Combination Product in combination with: Clavulanic acid (DB00766) •••••••••••• •••••• •••••••• •••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Amoxicillin competitively inhibit penicillin binding proteins, leading to upregulation of autolytic enzymes and inhibition of cell wall synthesis.9,10,5 Amoxicillin has a long duration of action as it is usually given twice daily.15 Amoxicillin has a wide therapeutic range as mild overdoses are not associated with significant toxicity.14 Patients should be counselled regarding the risk of anaphylaxis, Clostridium difficile infections, and bacterial resistance.17
- Mechanism of action
Amoxicillin competitively inhibits penicillin-binding protein 1 and other high molecular weight penicillin binding proteins.9,10 Penicillin bind proteins are responsible for glycosyltransferase and transpeptidase reactions that lead to cross-linking of D-alanine and D-aspartic acid in bacterial cell walls.10 Without the action of penicillin binding proteins, bacteria upregulate autolytic enzymes and are unable to build and repair the cell wall, leading to bacteriocidal action.5,10
Target Actions Organism APenicillin binding protein inhibitorHelicobacter pylori - Absorption
Amoxicillin is approximately 60% bioavailable.8 A 250mg dose of oral amoxicillin reaches a Cmax 3.93±1.13mg/L with a Tmax 1.31±0.33h and an AUC of 27.29±4.72mg*h/L.4 A 875mg dose of oral amoxicillin reaches a Cmax 11.21±3.42mg/L with a Tmax 1.52±0.40h and an AUC of 55.04±12.68mg*h/L.4
- Volume of distribution
The central volume of distribution of amoxicillin is 27.7L.4
- Protein binding
Amoxicillin is 17% protein bound in serum.3
- Metabolism
Incubation with human liver microsomes has lead to the detection of 7 metabolites.1 The M1 metabolite has undergone hydroxylation, M2 has undergone oxidative deamination, M3 to M5 have undergone oxidation of the aliphatic chain, M6 has undergone decarboxylation, and M7 has undergone glucuronidation.1
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- Route of elimination
125mg to 1g doses of amoxicillin are 70-78% eliminated in the urine after 6 hours.6
- Half-life
The half life of amoxicillin is 61.3 minutes.8
- Clearance
The mean clearance of amoxicillin is 21.3L/h.4
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Patients experiencing an overdose may present with hematuria, oliguria, abdominal pain, acute renal failure, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, hyperactivity, and drowsiness.7,14 Treat overdose with symptomatic and supportive treatment, which may include emesis or hemodialysis.14
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbacavir Abacavir may decrease the excretion rate of Amoxicillin which could result in a higher serum level. Acamprosate The excretion of Acamprosate can be decreased when combined with Amoxicillin. Aceclofenac Aceclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Amoxicillin which could result in a higher serum level. Acemetacin Acemetacin may decrease the excretion rate of Amoxicillin which could result in a higher serum level. Acenocoumarol Amoxicillin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Acenocoumarol. - Food Interactions
- Take with food.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Amoxicillin sodium 544Y3D6MYH 34642-77-8 BYHDFCISJXIVBV-YWUHCJSESA-M Amoxicillin Trihydrate 804826J2HU 61336-70-7 MQXQVCLAUDMCEF-CWLIKTDRSA-N - Product Images
- International/Other Brands
- Actimoxi / Amoclen / Amolin / Amopen / Amopenixin / Amoxibiotic / AMPC / Apo-Amoxi / Clamoxyl / Efpenix / Flemoxin / Hiconcil / Ibiamox / Imacillin / Larotid (Roche) / Moxacin / Moxal / Ospamox / Pamoxicillin / Polymox / Trimox / Wymox
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Amox 250 Cap 250mg Capsule 250 mg Oral Jaapharm Canada Inc. 1991-12-31 2002-04-02 Canada 
Amox 500 Cap 500mg Capsule 500 mg Oral Jaapharm Canada Inc. 1991-12-31 2002-04-02 Canada Amox S 125 Sus 125mg/5ml Suspension 125 mg / 5 mL Oral Jaapharm Canada Inc. 1991-12-31 2002-04-02 Canada Amox S 250 Sus 250mg/5ml Suspension 250 mg / 5 mL Oral Jaapharm Canada Inc. 1991-12-31 2002-04-02 Canada Amoxicillin Capsule 250 mg Oral Jamp Pharma Corporation Not applicable Not applicable Canada - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Ag-amoxicillin Capsule 500 mg Oral Angita Pharma Inc. 2018-09-06 Not applicable Canada Ag-amoxicillin Capsule 250 mg Oral Angita Pharma Inc. 2018-09-06 Not applicable Canada Ag-amoxicillin Powder, for suspension 250 mg / 5 mL Oral Angita Pharma Inc. 2024-03-14 Not applicable Canada Amoxicillan Tablet 500 mg/1 Oral Northwind Pharmaceuticals 2014-07-18 Not applicable US 
Amoxicillan Capsule 500 mg/1 Oral Northwind Pharmaceuticals 2014-06-01 Not applicable US 
- Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image อะม็อกซิล (แคปซูล 500 มก.) Capsule 500 mg Oral บริษัท แกล็กโซสมิทไคล์น (ประเทศไทย) จำกัด 2010-12-27 Not applicable Thailand 
- Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Aa-lansoprazole-amoxicillin-clarithromycin Amoxicillin (500 mg / cap) + Clarithromycin (500 mg / tab) + Lansoprazole (30 mg / cap) Capsule; Capsule, delayed release; Kit; Tablet Oral Aa Pharma Inc 2018-08-03 Not applicable Canada ABBA Amoxicillin (875 MG) + Clavulanic acid (125 MG) Tablet, coated Oral Fidia Farmaceutici S.P.A. 2014-07-08 Not applicable Italy 
ABBA Amoxicillin (875 MG) + Clavulanic acid (125 MG) Powder, for suspension Oral Fidia Farmaceutici S.P.A. 2014-07-08 Not applicable Italy ABIOCLAV Amoxicillin (400 mg/5mL) + Clavulanic acid (57 mg/5mL) Powder, for suspension Oral Aescul API Us Farmaceutici Srl 2014-07-08 Not applicable Italy ABIOCLAV Amoxicillin (875 MG) + Clavulanic acid (125 MG) Tablet, coated Oral Aescul API Us Farmaceutici Srl 2014-07-08 Not applicable Italy - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image KLAVUNAT 625 MG FİLM KAPLI, 10 TABLET Amoxicillin (500 mg) + Clavulanic acid (125 mg) Tablet Oral ATABAY KİMYA SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş. 2013-01-29 Not applicable Turkey 
KLAVUNAT BID 1000 MG FİLM KAPLI TABLET, 10 ADET Amoxicillin (875 mg) + Clavulanic acid (125 mg) Tablet Oral ATABAY KİMYA SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş. 2013-01-29 Not applicable Turkey KLAVUNAT BID 1000 MG FİLM KAPLI TABLET, 14 ADET Amoxicillin (875 mg) + Clavulanic acid (125 mg) Tablet Oral ATABAY KİMYA SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş. 2013-01-29 Not applicable Turkey KLAVUNAT BID 200/28 MG 100 ML ORAL SUSPANSIYON Amoxicillin (200 mg) + Clavulanic acid (28 mg) Suspension Oral ATABAY KİMYA SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş. 2013-01-29 Not applicable Turkey KLAVUNAT BID 200/28 MG 70 ML ORAL SUSPANSIYON Amoxicillin (200 mg) + Clavulanic acid (28 mg) Suspension Oral ATABAY KİMYA SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş. 2013-01-29 Not applicable Turkey
Categories
- ATC Codes
- A02BD12 — Rabeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin
- A02BD — Combinations for eradication of Helicobacter pylori
- A02B — DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER AND GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GORD)
- A02 — DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS
- A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
- J01CR — Combinations of penicillins, incl. beta-lactamase inhibitors
- J01C — BETA-LACTAM ANTIBACTERIALS, PENICILLINS
- J01 — ANTIBACTERIALS FOR SYSTEMIC USE
- J — ANTIINFECTIVES FOR SYSTEMIC USE
- A02BD — Combinations for eradication of Helicobacter pylori
- A02B — DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER AND GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GORD)
- A02 — DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS
- A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
- A02BD — Combinations for eradication of Helicobacter pylori
- A02B — DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER AND GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GORD)
- A02 — DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS
- A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
- A02BD — Combinations for eradication of Helicobacter pylori
- A02B — DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER AND GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GORD)
- A02 — DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS
- A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
- A02BD — Combinations for eradication of Helicobacter pylori
- A02B — DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER AND GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GORD)
- A02 — DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS
- A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
- A02BD — Combinations for eradication of Helicobacter pylori
- A02B — DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER AND GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GORD)
- A02 — DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS
- A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
- A02BD — Combinations for eradication of Helicobacter pylori
- A02B — DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER AND GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GORD)
- A02 — DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS
- A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
- A02BD — Combinations for eradication of Helicobacter pylori
- A02B — DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER AND GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GORD)
- A02 — DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS
- A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
- A02BD — Combinations for eradication of Helicobacter pylori
- A02B — DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER AND GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GORD)
- A02 — DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS
- A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
- A02BD — Combinations for eradication of Helicobacter pylori
- A02B — DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER AND GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GORD)
- A02 — DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS
- A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
- A02BD — Combinations for eradication of Helicobacter pylori
- A02B — DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER AND GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GORD)
- A02 — DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS
- A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
- J01CA — Penicillins with extended spectrum
- J01C — BETA-LACTAM ANTIBACTERIALS, PENICILLINS
- J01 — ANTIBACTERIALS FOR SYSTEMIC USE
- J — ANTIINFECTIVES FOR SYSTEMIC USE
- A02BD — Combinations for eradication of Helicobacter pylori
- A02B — DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER AND GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GORD)
- A02 — DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS
- A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
- A02BD — Combinations for eradication of Helicobacter pylori
- A02B — DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER AND GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GORD)
- A02 — DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS
- A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
- Drug Categories
- Alimentary Tract and Metabolism
- Amides
- Aminopenicillins
- Anti-Bacterial Agents
- Anti-Infective Agents
- Antibacterials for Systemic Use
- Antiinfectives for Systemic Use
- Beta-Lactam Antibacterials
- beta-Lactams
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Inhibitors (weak)
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
- Drugs for Acid Related Disorders
- Drugs for Peptic Ulcer and Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (Gord)
- Drugs that are Mainly Renally Excreted
- Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring
- Lactams
- OAT1/SLC22A6 inhibitors
- Penicillin G
- Penicillins
- Penicillins With Extended Spectrum
- Sulfur Compounds
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as penicillins. These are organic compounds containing the penicillin core structure, which is structurally characterized by a penam ring bearing two methyl groups at position 2, and an amide group at position 6 [starting from the sulfur atom at position 1].
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organoheterocyclic compounds
- Class
- Lactams
- Sub Class
- Beta lactams
- Direct Parent
- Penicillins
- Alternative Parents
- N-acyl-alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acid amides / Phenylacetamides / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids / Aralkylamines / Thiazolidines / Tertiary carboxylic acid amides / Secondary carboxylic acid amides / Amino acids / Azetidines show 10 more
- Substituents
- 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid / Alpha-amino acid amide / Alpha-amino acid or derivatives / Amine / Amino acid / Amino acid or derivatives / Aralkylamine / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Azacycle / Azetidine show 26 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- penicillin (CHEBI:2676)
- Affected organisms
- Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
- Gram negative and gram positive bacteria
- Streptococcus pyogenes
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Borrelia burgdorferi
- Chlamydia pneumoniae
- Salmonella typhi
- Chlamydia psittaci
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 9EM05410Q9
- CAS number
- 26787-78-0
- InChI Key
- LSQZJLSUYDQPKJ-NJBDSQKTSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C16H19N3O5S/c1-16(2)11(15(23)24)19-13(22)10(14(19)25-16)18-12(21)9(17)7-3-5-8(20)6-4-7/h3-6,9-11,14,20H,17H2,1-2H3,(H,18,21)(H,23,24)/t9-,10-,11+,14-/m1/s1
- IUPAC Name
- (2S,5R,6R)-6-[(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
- SMILES
- [H][C@]12SC(C)(C)[C@@H](N1C(=O)[C@H]2NC(=O)[C@H](N)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O
References
- Synthesis Reference
Joan Cabre, Jose Diago, Asuncion Esteve, Johannes Ludescher, "Production of a crystalline salt of amoxicillin." U.S. Patent US6103897, issued April, 1971.
US6103897- General References
- Szultka M, Krzeminski R, Jackowski M, Buszewski B: Identification of In Vitro Metabolites of Amoxicillin in Human Liver Microsomes by LC-ESI/MS. Chromatographia. 2014;77:1027-1035. doi: 10.1007/s10337-014-2648-2. Epub 2014 Mar 22. [Article]
- Li M, Anderson GD, Phillips BR, Kong W, Shen DD, Wang J: Interactions of amoxicillin and cefaclor with human renal organic anion and peptide transporters. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Apr;34(4):547-55. Epub 2006 Jan 24. [Article]
- Carlier M, Noe M, De Waele JJ, Stove V, Verstraete AG, Lipman J, Roberts JA: Population pharmacokinetics and dosing simulations of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in critically ill patients. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2013 Nov;68(11):2600-8. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkt240. Epub 2013 Jun 25. [Article]
- de Velde F, de Winter BC, Koch BC, van Gelder T, Mouton JW: Non-linear absorption pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin: consequences for dosing regimens and clinical breakpoints. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016 Oct;71(10):2909-17. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkw226. Epub 2016 Jun 20. [Article]
- Akhavan BJ, Vijhani P: Amoxicillin . [Article]
- Bodey GP, Nance J: Amoxicillin: in vitro and pharmacological studies. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1972 Apr;1(4):358-62. doi: 10.1128/aac.1.4.358. [Article]
- Belko J, Urueta G, Emre U: Amoxicillin overdose manifested by hematuria and acute renal failure. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1995 Oct;14(10):917-9. [Article]
- Gordon C, Regamey C, Kirby WM: Comparative clinical pharmacology of amoxicillin and ampicillin administered orally. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1972 Jun;1(6):504-7. doi: 10.1128/aac.1.6.504. [Article]
- Okamoto T, Yoshiyama H, Nakazawa T, Park ID, Chang MW, Yanai H, Okita K, Shirai M: A change in PBP1 is involved in amoxicillin resistance of clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2002 Dec;50(6):849-56. [Article]
- Sauvage E, Terrak M: Glycosyltransferases and Transpeptidases/Penicillin-Binding Proteins: Valuable Targets for New Antibacterials. Antibiotics (Basel). 2016 Feb 17;5(1). pii: antibiotics5010012. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics5010012. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Talicia Amoxicillin, Omeprazole, and Rifabutin Oral Delayed Release Capsules [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Amoxil Amoxicillin Oral Capsules (Discontinued) [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Omeclamox-Pak Oral Capsules and Tablets [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Augmentin XR Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Oral Extended Release Tablets [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Augmentin Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Oral Tablets and Suspension [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Oral Suspension [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Amoxicillin Oral Suspension [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Amoxicillin Oral Tablets [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: VOQUEZNA TRIPLE PAK (vonoprazan tablets; amoxicillin capsules; clarithromycin tablets), co-packaged for oral use and VOQUEZNA DUAL PAK (vonoprazan tablets; amoxicillin capsules) co-packaged for oral use [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0015193
- KEGG Drug
- D07452
- KEGG Compound
- C06827
- PubChem Compound
- 33613
- PubChem Substance
- 46507578
- ChemSpider
- 31006
- BindingDB
- 50350464
- 1297882
- ChEBI
- 2676
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1082
- ZINC
- ZINC000003830215
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000443
- PharmGKB
- PA448406
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Amoxicillin
- FDA label
- Download (49.6 KB)
- MSDS
- Download (38.1 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count Start Date Why Stopped 100+ additional columns Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample dataNot Available Active Not Recruiting Treatment Periodontitis 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Amoxicillin Crystalluria 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Antibiotic Resistant Infection / Bacterial Infections / Surgical Site Infections 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Antibiotic Resistant Strain / Helicobacter Pylori Infection 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Device related infection 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Altura Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- American Antibiotics LLC
- Apotheca Inc.
- A-S Medication Solutions LLC
- Aurobindo Pharma Ltd.
- Blenheim Pharmacal
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.
- Bryant Ranch Prepack
- C.O. Truxton Inc.
- Cardinal Health
- Carlisle Laboratories Inc.
- Casa De Amigos Pharmacy
- Clonmel Healthcare Ltd.
- Comprehensive Consultant Services Inc.
- Darby Dental Supply Co. Inc.
- DAVA Pharmaceuticals
- Dept Health Central Pharmacy
- Direct Dispensing Inc.
- Dispensing Solutions
- Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
- DNA Pharmaceuticals
- E.R. Squibb and Sons LLC
- GlaxoSmithKline Inc.
- Golden State Medical Supply Inc.
- Greenstone LLC
- H.J. Harkins Co. Inc.
- Hikma Pharmaceuticals
- Innoviant Pharmacy Inc.
- International Ethical Labs Inc.
- Keltman Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Laboratorios Atral Sarl
- Lake Erie Medical and Surgical Supply
- Liberty Pharmaceuticals
- Major Pharmaceuticals
- Medpharm Inc.
- Medvantx Inc.
- Middlebrook Pharmaceuticals
- Mississippi State Dept Health
- Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
- Novopharm Ltd.
- Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Okasa Pvt Ltd.
- Palmetto Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Par Pharmaceuticals
- Patient First Corp.
- PCA LLC
- PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Pharmedix
- Physicians Total Care Inc.
- Poli Industria Chimica SPA
- Preferred Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Prepackage Specialists
- Prepak Systems Inc.
- Prescription Dispensing Service Inc.
- Putney Inc.
- Qualitest
- Ranbaxy Laboratories
- Rebel Distributors Corp.
- Redpharm Drug
- Reid Provident Laboratories Inc.
- Sandhills Packaging Inc.
- Sandoz
- Signal Health Ltd.
- Southwood Pharmaceuticals
- St Mary's Medical Park Pharmacy
- Stat Rx Usa
- Stat Scripts LLC
- Talbert Medical Management Corp.
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
- Tya Pharmaceuticals
- UDL Laboratories
- Veratex Corp.
- West-Ward Pharmaceuticals
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Capsule Oral Tablet Oral 1 gr Injection, powder, for solution Intramuscular; Intravenous 250 mg Syrup Oral 100 mg/ml Granule Oral Tablet, orally disintegrating Oral Tablet, orally disintegrating Oral 1 G Powder, for suspension Oral 500 mg Tablet Oral 1 G Capsule, coated Oral Granule Oral 250 mg Powder Parenteral 500 mg Tablet Oral 100 mg Tablet Oral 750 mg Powder, for suspension Oral 2.5 g Suspension Oral 2.5 g Powder, for suspension Oral 5 g Powder, for suspension Oral 5000 mg Capsule, coated Oral 574 mg Capsule, coated Oral 500 mg Injection, powder, for suspension Parenteral 10 g Tablet, coated Oral 875 mg Capsule, coated Oral 250 mg Powder, for suspension Oral 4.2857 g Injection, powder, for suspension Parenteral 5 g Tablet, coated Oral 500 mg Capsule, coated Oral 50000000 mg Powder, for suspension Oral 9994.26 mg Tablet Oral 500 mg/1 Capsule Oral 250 mg/1 Capsule Oral 500 mg/1 For suspension Oral 125 mg/5mL For suspension Oral 25 mg/1mL For suspension Oral 400 mg/5mL For suspension Oral 50 mg/1mL Powder, for suspension Oral 125 mg/5mL Powder, for suspension Oral 200 mg/5mL Powder, for suspension Oral 250 mg/5mL Powder, for suspension Oral 400 mg/5mL Suspension Oral 200 mg/5mL Suspension Oral 400 mg/5mL Suspension; syrup Oral 125 MG/5ML Syrup Oral Tablet Oral 250 mg/1 Tablet Oral 875 mg/1 Tablet, chewable Oral 125 mg/1 Tablet, chewable Oral 200 mg/1 Tablet, chewable Oral 250 mg/1 Tablet, chewable Oral 400 mg/1 Tablet, coated Oral 875 mg/1 Tablet, film coated Oral 500 mg/1 Tablet, film coated Oral 875 mg/1 Tablet, for suspension Oral 200 mg/1 Tablet, for suspension Oral 400 mg/1 Tablet, film coated Oral Powder, for suspension Oral 500 mg/5ml Powder Parenteral 50 mg/mL Powder, for suspension Oral Suspension Oral Tablet, chewable Oral Tablet, film coated Oral Tablet, multilayer, extended release Oral Tablet, film coated Oral 750 MG Powder, for suspension Oral 125 mg / 5 mL Powder, for suspension Oral 250 mg / 5 mL Powder Parenteral 500 MG/5ML Powder, for suspension Oral Powder Parenteral 125 mg Powder Parenteral 250 mg Tablet Oral Granule Oral 250 MG/5ML Granule Oral 500 MG/5ML Powder, for solution Intravenous Capsule Oral 286.97 MG Solution / drops; suspension / drops 100 mg/ml Suspension; syrup 125 mg/ml Syrup Oral 114.78 mg Syrup Oral 115 mg Syrup Oral 143.33 mg Syrup Oral 143.75 mg Syrup Oral 144 mg Syrup Oral 250 MG/5ML Syrup Oral 286.98 mg Tablet Oral 287 MG Tablet Oral 574 MG Tablet Oral 575 MG Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral Tablet, soluble Oral 1 G Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous; Parenteral Granule, for suspension Oral 1 G Suspension Oral 5 % Powder, for suspension Oral 5 G/100ML Granule Oral 1 G Granule, for suspension Oral 5 % Tablet, for suspension Oral 500 MG Capsule Oral 375 mg Injection, powder, for solution 1000 MG/5ML Syrup Oral 60 ML Tablet, coated Oral Tablet, film coated Oral 875 MG/125MG Granule, for suspension Oral Granule, for suspension Oral 3.75 % Powder, for suspension Oral 5 % Injection, powder, for solution Intramuscular; Intravenous 500 MG Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral 1 G Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral 500 MG Tablet, for suspension Oral 1000 MG Tablet, film coated Oral 1006.205 mg Tablet, coated Oral 1006.205 mg Powder, for suspension Oral 10 g Powder, for suspension Oral 15 g Granule, for solution Oral 250 mg/5ml Powder Parenteral 100 mg/mL Powder, for suspension Oral 50 mg/1mL Suspension Oral 7.5 g Suspension Oral 4.000 g Suspension Oral 25 mg / mL Capsule Oral 250 mg / cap Suspension Oral 50 mg / mL Tablet Oral 125 mg / tab Tablet Oral 250 mg / tab Powder, for solution Oral 50 mg / mL Powder, for solution Oral 125 mg / 5 mL Powder, for solution Oral 250 mg / 5 mL Capsule Oral 500 mg / cap Powder, for solution Oral Capsule Oral Suspension Oral 250 MG/5ML Suspension Oral 250 ml Solution / drops; suspension / drops Powder, for suspension Oral 3 mg Suspension Oral 7.500 g Tablet, film coated Oral 500 mg Tablet, sugar coated Oral Tablet Oral 1000 mg Suspension Oral 250 mg/100ml Tablet Oral 500 mg Suspension Oral 5.000 g Tablet Oral Tablet, soluble Oral Powder Intravenous Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous For suspension Oral Powder, for suspension Oral 200 mg/5ml Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous 500 mg Tablet, multilayer, extended release Oral 1000 mg Tablet, film coated, extended release Oral Powder, for suspension Oral 5.739 g Tablet, soluble Oral 125 mg Syrup Oral 12 5MG/5ML Granule, for suspension Oral 125 mg/5ml Suspension Oral 7.5000 g Powder, for solution Oral 5 g Syrup Oral 151.167 mg Syrup Oral 260 mg Syrup Oral Injection Intravenous Granule, for solution Oral Granule, for suspension Oral 200 mg/5ml Granule, for suspension Oral 125 mg/5ml Injection, suspension Intramuscular; Subcutaneous Solution / drops Cutaneous; Oral Suspension; syrup Oral Suspension Oral 0.2280 g Capsule Suspension Oral 5.000 g Tablet, soluble Oral 200 mg/1 Tablet, soluble Oral 400 mg/1 Tablet, soluble Oral 600 mg/1 Suspension Oral 7.500 mg Suspension, extended release Oral Powder, for suspension Oral 500000 g Powder, for suspension Oral 400 mg/5ml Powder, for suspension Oral 50 g Suspension Oral 6.000 g Syrup Oral 250 MG Injection, powder, for solution Intramuscular; Intravenous Injection, powder, for solution Tablet, soluble Oral Powder Parenteral 750 mg Suspension Oral Kit; tablet Oral Capsule; capsule, delayed release; kit; tablet Oral Injection 1 g Injection 500 mg Suspension Oral 250 mg Granule Oral 125 mg/5ml Powder Oral Granule, for solution Oral Granule, for suspension Oral Tablet, chewable Oral Solution / drops Oral Tablet, extended release Oral 775 mg/1 Tablet, film coated, extended release Oral 775 mg/1 Injection, suspension Intramuscular Tablet, film coated Oral 250 mg Powder, for suspension Oral 125 mg/5ml Powder, for suspension Oral 250 mg/5ml Injection, solution Intravenous Suspension Oral 125 mg/5ml Powder, for solution Oral 5.833 g Capsule, liquid filled Oral 573.95 mg Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous 1 gr Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous Granule Oral Powder, for suspension Oral 8 g Tablet Oral 875 mg Granule, for suspension Oral 125 mg / 5 mL Granule, for suspension Oral 250 mg / 5 mL Tablet, chewable Oral 125 mg Tablet, chewable Oral 250 mg Suspension Oral 125 mg / 5 mL Suspension Oral 250 mg / 5 mL Powder Oral 5 % Tablet, soluble Oral 1000 mg Tablet, soluble Oral 250 mg Tablet, soluble Oral 750 mg Granule, for suspension Oral 250 mg/5ml Suspension Oral 3.750 g Tablet Oral 1.00 g Suspension Oral 200 mg/ml Suspension Oral 4.0000 g Injection, powder, for solution 1000 mg Capsule Oral 574.7 mg Suspension Oral 3.000 g Powder, for solution Oral Kit Oral Tablet Oral 573.96 MG Capsule Oral 500.00 mg Syrup Oral 125 mg/5ml Injection Intramuscular 1 g Injection Intramuscular 250 mg Injection Intramuscular 500 mg Powder, for suspension Oral 20 g Powder, for suspension Oral 250 mg Capsule Oral 150 MG Tablet Oral 375 MG Tablet Oral 50000 mg Powder Oral Tablet Oral 576 MG Capsule, delayed release Oral Tablet, film coated Oral 1000 mg Tablet, film coated Oral 500 mg Tablet, chewable Oral 875 mg Solution Oral Solution Parenteral 1000.000 mg Capsule; tablet Oral Granule, for suspension Oral 2.5 % Injection, powder, for solution 1 G Injection, powder, for solution 500 MG Powder, for suspension Oral 250 MG/7ML Tablet, for suspension Oral 1 G Capsule Oral 500.000 mg Powder, for solution Oral 10 g Capsule; kit; tablet Oral Tablet Oral 574.3 MG Suspension Oral 125 mg Granule, for suspension Oral 250 mg/ml Granule, for suspension Oral 500 mg/ml Powder Intravenous 5 G Solution / drops Oral 10 G/100ML Suspension / drops Oral 100 MG/ML Tablet, soluble Oral 500 MG Powder Powder 500 mg/1vial Tablet, film coated Oral 875 mg Tablet Oral 125 mg Tablet Oral 250 mg Tablet, extended release Tablet, film coated Oral 250 mg Powder 250 mg/5ml Injection, powder, for solution Capsule Oral 500 mg Capsule Oral 250 mg Tablet, film coated - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Amoxil 400 mg/5ml Suspension 100ml Bottle 19.99USD bottle Amoxil 400 mg/5ml Suspension 75ml Bottle 17.99USD bottle Amoxicillin 400 mg/5ml Suspension 100ml Bottle 16.99USD bottle Amoxil 400 mg/5ml Suspension 50ml Bottle 15.99USD bottle Amoxicillin 250 mg/5ml Suspension 150ml Bottle 14.0USD bottle Amoxil 50 mg/ml Suspension 30ml Bottle 13.99USD bottle Amoxil 250 mg/5ml Suspension 100ml Bottle 12.99USD bottle Amoxil 250 mg/5ml Suspension 150ml Bottle 12.99USD bottle Amoxil 200 mg/5ml Suspension 100ml Bottle 11.99USD bottle Trimox 125 mg/5ml Suspension 100ml Bottle 11.99USD bottle Trimox 125 mg/5ml Suspension 150ml Bottle 11.99USD bottle Trimox 250 mg/5ml Suspension 80ml Bottle 11.99USD bottle Amoxil 875 mg tablet 1.13USD tablet Amoxil 400 mg Chew Tabs 1.05USD tab Amoxicillin 875 mg tablet 0.89USD tablet Amoxil 500 mg tablet 0.77USD tablet Novamoxin 250 mg Chewable Tablet 0.64USD tablet Amoxicillin 125 mg Chew Tabs 0.57USD tab Amoxil 500 mg capsule 0.53USD capsule Amoxicillin 500 mg tablet 0.5USD tablet Amoxicillin 250 mg Chew Tabs 0.47USD tab Amoxicillin 500 mg capsule 0.47USD capsule Novamoxin 125 mg Chewable Tablet 0.44USD tablet Apo-Amoxi 500 mg Capsule 0.36USD capsule Mylan-Amoxillin 500 mg Capsule 0.36USD capsule Novamoxin 500 mg Capsule 0.36USD capsule Nu-Amoxi 500 mg Capsule 0.36USD capsule Pms-Amoxicillin 500 mg Capsule 0.36USD capsule Amoxicillin 250 mg capsule 0.25USD capsule Apo-Amoxi 250 mg Capsule 0.18USD capsule Mylan-Amoxillin 250 mg Capsule 0.18USD capsule Novamoxin 250 mg Capsule 0.18USD capsule Nu-Amoxi 250 mg Capsule 0.18USD capsule Pms-Amoxicillin 250 mg Capsule 0.18USD capsule Apo-Amoxi 50 mg/ml Suspension 0.06USD ml Novamoxin 50 mg/ml Suspension 0.06USD ml Novamoxin Sugar-Reduced 50 mg/ml Suspension 0.06USD ml Nu-Amoxi 50 mg/ml Suspension 0.06USD ml Pms-Amoxicillin 50 mg/ml Suspension 0.06USD ml Apo-Amoxi 25 mg/ml Suspension 0.04USD ml Novamoxin 25 mg/ml Suspension 0.04USD ml Novamoxin Sugar-Reduced 25 mg/ml Suspension 0.04USD ml Nu-Amoxi 25 mg/ml Suspension 0.04USD ml Pms-Amoxicillin 25 mg/ml Suspension 0.04USD ml DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US6544555 No 2003-04-08 2020-10-13 US US6669948 No 2003-12-30 2020-10-13 US US6723341 No 2004-04-20 2020-10-13 US US8299052 No 2012-10-30 2027-05-07 US US8778924 No 2014-07-15 2026-12-08 US US8357394 No 2013-01-22 2026-12-08 US US6878386 No 2005-04-12 2020-04-04 US US7217430 No 2007-05-15 2020-04-04 US US7250176 No 2007-07-31 2020-04-04 US US6783773 No 2004-08-31 2020-04-04 US US6746692 No 2004-06-08 2020-04-04 US US9603806 No 2017-03-28 2034-02-12 US US9498445 No 2016-11-22 2034-02-12 US US9050263 No 2015-06-09 2034-02-12 US US10238606 No 2019-03-26 2034-02-12 US US11135172 No 2021-10-05 2034-02-12 US US9186411 No 2015-11-17 2030-08-11 US US7977488 No 2011-07-12 2028-08-11 US US11878011 No 2022-05-27 2042-05-27 US US11931463 No 2014-02-12 2034-02-12 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 194 °C ChemSpider boiling point (°C) 743.2 ChemSpider logP 0.87 SANGSTER (1994) Caco2 permeability -6.1 ADME Research, USCD - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.958 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 0.75 ALOGPS logP -2.3 Chemaxon logS -2.6 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 3.23 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 7.22 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 6 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 4 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 132.96 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 4 Chemaxon Refractivity 89.5 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 35.52 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 3 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption - 0.9008 Blood Brain Barrier - 0.9967 Caco-2 permeable - 0.8722 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.5741 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.9665 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9968 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.9636 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.843 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8446 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.5478 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.9045 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.907 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9231 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.915 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8309 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.9767 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.9099 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.5439 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9606 Rat acute toxicity 1.7036 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9996 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.8761
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 188.6621089 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 189.1998089 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 182.16502 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 189.4403089 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 189.0678089 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 184.5606 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 189.7013089 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 189.2458089 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 190.47311 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Helicobacter pylori
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- Curator comments
- This is a representative organism, as amoxicillin works against various bateria.
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- carboxypeptidase activity
- Gene Name
- PBP1
- Uniprot ID
- Q8L103
- Uniprot Name
- Penicillin binding protein
- Molecular Weight
- 74084.53 Da
References
- Okamoto T, Yoshiyama H, Nakazawa T, Park ID, Chang MW, Yanai H, Okita K, Shirai M: A change in PBP1 is involved in amoxicillin resistance of clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2002 Dec;50(6):849-56. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- Curator comments
- Amoxicillin inhibition of CYP2C8 is not expected to be clinically significant.
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids, steroid hormones and vitamins (PubMed:11093772, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:7574697). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:11093772, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:7574697). Primarily catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with a preference for the last double bond (PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:7574697). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Metabolizes all trans-retinoic acid toward its 4-hydroxylated form (PubMed:11093772). Displays 16-alpha hydroxylase activity toward estrogen steroid hormones, 17beta-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) (PubMed:14559847). Plays a role in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. It is the principal enzyme responsible for the metabolism of the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel (taxol) (PubMed:26427316)
- Specific Function
- arachidonic acid epoxygenase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP2C8
- Uniprot ID
- P10632
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C8
- Molecular Weight
- 55824.275 Da
References
- Niwa T, Morimoto M, Hirai T, Hata T, Hayashi M, Imagawa Y: Effect of penicillin-based antibiotics, amoxicillin, ampicillin, and piperacillin, on drug-metabolizing activities of human hepatic cytochromes P450. J Toxicol Sci. 2016 Feb;41(1):143-6. doi: 10.2131/jts.41.143. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Bacillus cereus
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Confers resistance to the different beta-lactams antibiotics (penicillin, cephalosporin and carbapenem) via the hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring. Active on cephalosporin and penicillin.
- Specific Function
- beta-lactamase activity
- Gene Name
- blm
- Uniprot ID
- P04190
- Uniprot Name
- Beta-lactamase 2
- Molecular Weight
- 28092.24 Da
References
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Talicia Amoxicillin, Omeprazole, and Rifabutin Oral Delayed Release Capsules [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Augmentin XR Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Oral Extended Release Tablets [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Augmentin Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Oral Tablets and Suspension [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Oral Suspension [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Amoxicillin Oral Suspension [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Amoxicillin Oral Tablets [Link]
Carriers
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Binds water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs (Probable). Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood (Probable). Major zinc transporter in plasma, typically binds about 80% of all plasma zinc (PubMed:19021548). Major calcium and magnesium transporter in plasma, binds approximately 45% of circulating calcium and magnesium in plasma (By similarity). Potentially has more than two calcium-binding sites and might additionally bind calcium in a non-specific manner (By similarity). The shared binding site between zinc and calcium at residue Asp-273 suggests a crosstalk between zinc and calcium transport in the blood (By similarity). The rank order of affinity is zinc > calcium > magnesium (By similarity). Binds to the bacterial siderophore enterobactin and inhibits enterobactin-mediated iron uptake of E.coli from ferric transferrin, and may thereby limit the utilization of iron and growth of enteric bacteria such as E.coli (PubMed:6234017). Does not prevent iron uptake by the bacterial siderophore aerobactin (PubMed:6234017)
- Specific Function
- antioxidant activity
- Gene Name
- ALB
- Uniprot ID
- P02768
- Uniprot Name
- Albumin
- Molecular Weight
- 69365.94 Da
References
- Garzon D, Ariza A, Regazzoni L, Clerici R, Altomare A, Sirtori FR, Carini M, Torres MJ, Perez-Sala D, Aldini G: Mass spectrometric strategies for the identification and characterization of human serum albumin covalently adducted by amoxicillin: ex vivo studies. Chem Res Toxicol. 2014 Sep 15;27(9):1566-74. doi: 10.1021/tx500210e. Epub 2014 Aug 13. [Article]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Electrogenic proton-coupled amino-acid transporter that transports oligopeptides of 2 to 4 amino acids with a preference for dipeptides. Transports neutral and monovalently charged peptides with a proton to peptide stoichiometry of 1:1 or 2:1 (By similarity) (PubMed:15521010, PubMed:18367661, PubMed:19685173, PubMed:26320580, PubMed:7896779, PubMed:8914574, PubMed:9835627). Primarily responsible for the absorption of dietary di- and tripeptides from the small intestinal lumen (By similarity). Mediates transepithelial transport of muramyl and N-formylated bacterial dipeptides contributing to recognition of pathogenic bacteria by the mucosal immune system (PubMed:15521010, PubMed:9835627)
- Specific Function
- dipeptide transmembrane transporter activity
- Gene Name
- SLC15A1
- Uniprot ID
- P46059
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 15 member 1
- Molecular Weight
- 78805.265 Da
References
- Wenzel U, Gebert I, Weintraut H, Weber WM, Clauss W, Daniel H: Transport characteristics of differently charged cephalosporin antibiotics in oocytes expressing the cloned intestinal peptide transporter PepT1 and in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1996 May;277(2):831-9. [Article]
- Luckner P, Brandsch M: Interaction of 31 beta-lactam antibiotics with the H+/peptide symporter PEPT2: analysis of affinity constants and comparison with PEPT1. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2005 Jan;59(1):17-24. [Article]
- Terada T, Saito H, Mukai M, Inui K: Recognition of beta-lactam antibiotics by rat peptide transporters, PEPT1 and PEPT2, in LLC-PK1 cells. Am J Physiol. 1997 Nov;273(5 Pt 2):F706-11. [Article]
- Sala-Rabanal M, Loo DD, Hirayama BA, Turk E, Wright EM: Molecular interactions between dipeptides, drugs and the human intestinal H+ -oligopeptide cotransporter hPEPT1. J Physiol. 2006 Jul 1;574(Pt 1):149-66. Epub 2006 Apr 20. [Article]
- Li M, Anderson GD, Phillips BR, Kong W, Shen DD, Wang J: Interactions of amoxicillin and cefaclor with human renal organic anion and peptide transporters. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Apr;34(4):547-55. Epub 2006 Jan 24. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Proton-coupled amino-acid transporter that transports oligopeptides of 2 to 4 amino acids with a preference for dipeptides (PubMed:16434549, PubMed:18367661, PubMed:7756356). Transports neutral and anionic dipeptides with a proton to peptide stoichiometry of 2:1 or 3:1 (By similarity). In kidney, involved in the absorption of circulating di- and tripeptides from the glomerular filtrate (PubMed:7756356). Can also transport beta-lactam antibiotics, such as the aminocephalosporin cefadroxil, and other antiviral and anticancer drugs (PubMed:16434549). Transports the dipeptide-like aminopeptidase inhibitor bestatin (By similarity). Also able to transport carnosine (PubMed:31073693). Involved in innate immunity by promoting the detection of microbial pathogens by NOD-like receptors (NLRs) (By similarity). Mediates transport of bacterial peptidoglycans across the plasma membrane or, in macrophages, the phagosome membrane: catalyzes the transport of certain bacterial peptidoglycans, such as muramyl dipeptide (MDP), the NOD2 ligand (PubMed:20406817)
- Specific Function
- dipeptide transmembrane transporter activity
- Gene Name
- SLC15A2
- Uniprot ID
- Q16348
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 15 member 2
- Molecular Weight
- 81782.77 Da
References
- Terada T, Saito H, Mukai M, Inui K: Recognition of beta-lactam antibiotics by rat peptide transporters, PEPT1 and PEPT2, in LLC-PK1 cells. Am J Physiol. 1997 Nov;273(5 Pt 2):F706-11. [Article]
- Luckner P, Brandsch M: Interaction of 31 beta-lactam antibiotics with the H+/peptide symporter PEPT2: analysis of affinity constants and comparison with PEPT1. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2005 Jan;59(1):17-24. [Article]
- Li M, Anderson GD, Phillips BR, Kong W, Shen DD, Wang J: Interactions of amoxicillin and cefaclor with human renal organic anion and peptide transporters. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Apr;34(4):547-55. Epub 2006 Jan 24. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Secondary active transporter that functions as a Na(+)-independent organic anion (OA)/dicarboxylate antiporter where the uptake of one molecule of OA into the cell is coupled with an efflux of one molecule of intracellular dicarboxylate such as 2-oxoglutarate or glutarate (PubMed:11669456, PubMed:11907186, PubMed:14675047, PubMed:22108572, PubMed:23832370, PubMed:28534121, PubMed:9950961). Mediates the uptake of OA across the basolateral side of proximal tubule epithelial cells, thereby contributing to the renal elimination of endogenous OA from the systemic circulation into the urine (PubMed:9887087). Functions as a biopterin transporters involved in the uptake and the secretion of coenzymes tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), dihydrobiopterin (BH2) and sepiapterin to urine, thereby determining baseline levels of blood biopterins (PubMed:28534121). Transports prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2-alpha) and may contribute to their renal excretion (PubMed:11907186). Also mediates the uptake of cyclic nucleotides such as cAMP and cGMP (PubMed:26377792). Involved in the transport of neuroactive tryptophan metabolites kynurenate (KYNA) and xanthurenate (XA) and may contribute to their secretion from the brain (PubMed:22108572, PubMed:23832370). May transport glutamate (PubMed:26377792). Also involved in the disposition of uremic toxins and potentially toxic xenobiotics by the renal organic anion secretory pathway, helping reduce their undesired toxicological effects on the body (PubMed:11669456, PubMed:14675047). Uremic toxins include the indoxyl sulfate (IS), hippurate/N-benzoylglycine (HA), indole acetate (IA), 3-carboxy-4- methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionate (CMPF) and urate (PubMed:14675047, PubMed:26377792). Xenobiotics include the mycotoxin ochratoxin (OTA) (PubMed:11669456). May also contribute to the transport of organic compounds in testes across the blood-testis-barrier (PubMed:35307651)
- Specific Function
- alpha-ketoglutarate transmembrane transporter activity
- Gene Name
- SLC22A6
- Uniprot ID
- Q4U2R8
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 6
- Molecular Weight
- 61815.78 Da
References
- Jariyawat S, Sekine T, Takeda M, Apiwattanakul N, Kanai Y, Sophasan S, Endou H: The interaction and transport of beta-lactam antibiotics with the cloned rat renal organic anion transporter 1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Aug;290(2):672-7. [Article]
- Li M, Anderson GD, Phillips BR, Kong W, Shen DD, Wang J: Interactions of amoxicillin and cefaclor with human renal organic anion and peptide transporters. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Apr;34(4):547-55. Epub 2006 Jan 24. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at October 08, 2024 09:29