Gap junction alpha-1 protein

Details

Name
Gap junction alpha-1 protein
Synonyms
  • Connexin-43
  • Cx43
  • Gap junction 43 kDa heart protein
  • GJAL
Gene Name
GJA1
Organism
Humans
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0010767|Gap junction alpha-1 protein
MGDWSALGKLLDKVQAYSTAGGKVWLSVLFIFRILLLGTAVESAWGDEQSAFRCNTQQPG
CENVCYDKSFPISHVRFWVLQIIFVSVPTLLYLAHVFYVMRKEEKLNKKEEELKVAQTDG
VNVDMHLKQIEIKKFKYGIEEHGKVKMRGGLLRTYIISILFKSIFEVAFLLIQWYIYGFS
LSAVYTCKRDPCPHQVDCFLSRPTEKTIFIIFMLVVSLVSLALNIIELFYVFFKGVKDRV
KGKSDPYHATSGALSPAKDCGSQKYAYFNGCSSPTAPLSPMSPPGYKLVTGDRNNSSCRN
YNKQASEQNWANYSAEQNRMGQAGSTISNSHAQPFDFPDDNQNSKKLAAGHELQPLAIVD
QRPSSRASSRASSRPRPDDLEI
Number of residues
382
Molecular Weight
43008.005
Theoretical pI
8.98
GO Classification
Functions
gap junction channel activity / gap junction channel activity involved in cardiac conduction electrical coupling / gap junction channel activity involved in cell communication by electrical coupling / ion transmembrane transporter activity / signal transducer activity
Processes
apoptotic process / ATP transport / atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential / cell communication by electrical coupling / cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction / cell-cell signaling / cellular response to mechanical stimulus / chronic inflammatory response / endothelium development / gap junction assembly / heart development / ion transmembrane transport / membrane organization / muscle contraction / negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation / negative regulation of cell growth / negative regulation of DNA biosynthetic process / negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation / negative regulation of wound healing / neuron projection morphogenesis / positive regulation of behavioral fear response / positive regulation of cell communication by chemical coupling / positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration / positive regulation of glomerular filtration / positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling / positive regulation of insulin secretion / positive regulation of protein catabolic process / positive regulation of vasoconstriction / positive regulation of vasodilation / protein oligomerization / regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly / regulation of calcium ion transport / response to fluid shear stress / response to glucose / response to peptide hormone / response to pH / signal transduction / transport / vascular transport
Components
connexon complex / cytosol / early endosome / endoplasmic reticulum membrane / extracellular exosome / fascia adherens / focal adhesion / gap junction / Golgi apparatus / Golgi membrane / Golgi-associated vesicle membrane / integral component of plasma membrane / intercalated disc / late endosome / lysosome / membrane raft / mitochondrial outer membrane / mitochondrion / multivesicular body / plasma membrane
General Function
Signal transducer activity
Specific Function
Gap junction protein that acts as a regulator of bladder capacity. A gap junction consists of a cluster of closely packed pairs of transmembrane channels, the connexons, through which materials of low MW diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell. May play a critical role in the physiology of hearing by participating in the recycling of potassium to the cochlear endolymph. Negative regulator of bladder functional capacity: acts by enhancing intercellular electrical and chemical transmission, thus sensitizing bladder muscles to cholinergic neural stimuli and causing them to contract (By similarity). May play a role in cell growth inhibition through the regulation of NOV expression and localization. Plays an essential role in gap junction communication in the ventricles (By similarity).
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane Regions
14-36 77-99 155-177 209-231
Cellular Location
Cell membrane
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0010768|Gap junction alpha-1 protein (GJA1)
ATGGGTGACTGGAGCGCCTTAGGCAAACTCCTTGACAAGGTTCAAGCCTACTCAACTGCT
GGAGGGAAGGTGTGGCTGTCAGTACTTTTCATTTTCCGAATCCTGCTGCTGGGGACAGCG
GTTGAGTCAGCCTGGGGAGATGAGCAGTCTGCCTTTCGTTGTAACACTCAGCAACCTGGT
TGTGAAAATGTCTGCTATGACAAGTCTTTCCCAATCTCTCATGTGCGCTTCTGGGTCCTG
CAGATCATATTTGTGTCTGTACCCACACTCTTGTACCTGGCTCATGTGTTCTATGTGATG
CGAAAGGAAGAGAAACTGAACAAGAAAGAGGAAGAACTCAAGGTTGCCCAAACTGATGGT
GTCAATGTGGACATGCACTTGAAGCAGATTGAGATAAAGAAGTTCAAGTACGGTATTGAA
GAGCATGGTAAGGTGAAAATGCGAGGGGGGTTGCTGCGAACCTACATCATCAGTATCCTC
TTCAAGTCTATCTTTGAGGTGGCCTTCTTGCTGATCCAGTGGTACATCTATGGATTCAGC
TTGAGTGCTGTTTACACTTGCAAAAGAGATCCCTGCCCACATCAGGTGGACTGTTTCCTC
TCTCGCCCCACGGAGAAAACCATCTTCATCATCTTCATGCTGGTGGTGTCCTTGGTGTCC
CTGGCCTTGAATATCATTGAACTCTTCTATGTTTTCTTCAAGGGCGTTAAGGATCGGGTT
AAGGGAAAGAGCGACCCTTACCATGCGACCAGTGGTGCGCTGAGCCCTGCCAAAGACTGT
GGGTCTCAAAAATATGCTTATTTCAATGGCTGCTCCTCACCAACCGCTCCCCTCTCGCCT
ATGTCTCCTCCTGGGTACAAGCTGGTTACTGGCGACAGAAACAATTCTTCTTGCCGCAAT
TACAACAAGCAAGCAAGTGAGCAAAACTGGGCTAATTACAGTGCAGAACAAAATCGAATG
GGGCAGGCGGGAAGCACCATCTCTAACTCCCATGCACAGCCTTTTGATTTCCCCGATGAT
AACCAGAATTCTAAAAAACTAGCTGCTGGACATGAATTACAGCCACTAGCCATTGTGGAC
CAGCGACCTTCAAGCAGAGCCAGCAGTCGTGCCAGCAGCAGACCTCGGCCTGATGACCTG
GAGATCTAG
Chromosome Location
6
Locus
6q21-q23.2
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDP17302
UniProtKB Entry NameCXA1_HUMAN
GenBank Protein ID29917
GenBank Gene IDX52947
GenAtlas IDGJA1
HGNC IDHGNC:4274
General References
  1. Fishman GI, Spray DC, Leinwand LA: Molecular characterization and functional expression of the human cardiac gap junction channel. J Cell Biol. 1990 Aug;111(2):589-98. [Article]
  2. Fishman GI, Eddy RL, Shows TB, Rosenthal L, Leinwand LA: The human connexin gene family of gap junction proteins: distinct chromosomal locations but similar structures. Genomics. 1991 May;10(1):250-6. [Article]
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  9. Fu CT, Bechberger JF, Ozog MA, Perbal B, Naus CC: CCN3 (NOV) interacts with connexin43 in C6 glioma cells: possible mechanism of connexin-mediated growth suppression. J Biol Chem. 2004 Aug 27;279(35):36943-50. Epub 2004 Jun 21. [Article]
  10. Doble BW, Dang X, Ping P, Fandrich RR, Nickel BE, Jin Y, Cattini PA, Kardami E: Phosphorylation of serine 262 in the gap junction protein connexin-43 regulates DNA synthesis in cell-cell contact forming cardiomyocytes. J Cell Sci. 2004 Jan 26;117(Pt 3):507-14. [Article]
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  27. Richardson R, Donnai D, Meire F, Dixon MJ: Expression of Gja1 correlates with the phenotype observed in oculodentodigital syndrome/type III syndactyly. J Med Genet. 2004 Jan;41(1):60-7. [Article]
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  29. Honkaniemi J, Kalkkila JP, Koivisto P, Kahara V, Latvala T, Simola K: Letter to the editor: Novel GJA1 mutation in oculodentodigital dysplasia. Am J Med Genet A. 2005 Nov 15;139(1):48-9. [Article]
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  33. Debeer P, Van Esch H, Huysmans C, Pijkels E, De Smet L, Van de Ven W, Devriendt K, Fryns JP: Novel GJA1 mutations in patients with oculo-dento-digital dysplasia (ODDD). Eur J Med Genet. 2005 Oct-Dec;48(4):377-87. [Article]
  34. Wiest T, Herrmann O, Stogbauer F, Grasshoff U, Enders H, Koch MJ, Grond-Ginsbach C, Schwaninger M: Clinical and genetic variability of oculodentodigital dysplasia. Clin Genet. 2006 Jul;70(1):71-2. [Article]
  35. Kelly SC, Ratajczak P, Keller M, Purcell SM, Griffin T, Richard G: A novel GJA 1 mutation in oculo-dento-digital dysplasia with curly hair and hyperkeratosis. Eur J Dermatol. 2006 May-Jun;16(3):241-5. [Article]
  36. van Es RJ, Wittebol-Post D, Beemer FA: Oculodentodigital dysplasia with mandibular retrognathism and absence of syndactyly: a case report with a novel mutation in the connexin 43 gene. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007 Sep;36(9):858-60. Epub 2007 May 16. [Article]
  37. de la Parra DR, Zenteno JC: A new GJA1 (connexin 43) mutation causing oculodentodigital dysplasia associated to uncommon features. Ophthalmic Genet. 2007 Dec;28(4):198-202. [Article]
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  39. Gabriel LA, Sachdeva R, Marcotty A, Rockwood EJ, Traboulsi EI: Oculodentodigital dysplasia: new ocular findings and a novel connexin 43 mutation. Arch Ophthalmol. 2011 Jun;129(6):781-4. doi: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.113. [Article]
  40. Brice G, Ostergaard P, Jeffery S, Gordon K, Mortimer PS, Mansour S: A novel mutation in GJA1 causing oculodentodigital syndrome and primary lymphoedema in a three generation family. Clin Genet. 2013 Oct;84(4):378-81. doi: 10.1111/cge.12158. Epub 2013 Apr 26. [Article]
  41. Hu Y, Chen IP, de Almeida S, Tiziani V, Do Amaral CM, Gowrishankar K, Passos-Bueno MR, Reichenberger EJ: A novel autosomal recessive GJA1 missense mutation linked to Craniometaphyseal dysplasia. PLoS One. 2013 Aug 12;8(8):e73576. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073576. eCollection 2013. [Article]
  42. Jamsheer A, Sowinska-Seidler A, Socha M, Stembalska A, Kiraly-Borri C, Latos-Bielenska A: Three novel GJA1 missense substitutions resulting in oculo-dento-digital dysplasia (ODDD) - further extension of the mutational spectrum. Gene. 2014 Apr 10;539(1):157-61. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.01.066. Epub 2014 Feb 6. [Article]

Drug Relations

Drug Relations
DrugBank IDNameDrug groupPharmacological action?ActionsDetails
DB01136Carvedilolapproved, investigationalunknownotherDetails
DB00640Adenosineapproved, investigationalunknownsubstrateDetails