Serine--pyruvate aminotransferase

Details

Name
Serine--pyruvate aminotransferase
Synonyms
  • 2.6.1.51
  • AGT
  • AGT1
  • Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase
  • SPAT
  • SPT
Gene Name
AGXT
Organism
Humans
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0010080|Serine--pyruvate aminotransferase
MASHKLLVTPPKALLKPLSIPNQLLLGPGPSNLPPRIMAAGGLQMIGSMSKDMYQIMDEI
KEGIQYVFQTRNPLTLVISGSGHCALEAALVNVLEPGDSFLVGANGIWGQRAVDIGERIG
ARVHPMTKDPGGHYTLQEVEEGLAQHKPVLLFLTHGESSTGVLQPLDGFGELCHRYKCLL
LVDSVASLGGTPLYMDRQGIDILYSGSQKALNAPPGTSLISFSDKAKKKMYSRKTKPFSF
YLDIKWLANFWGCDDQPRMYHHTIPVISLYSLRESLALIAEQGLENSWRQHREAAAYLHG
RLQALGLQLFVKDPALRLPTVTTVAVPAGYDWRDIVSYVIDHFDIEIMGGLGPSTGKVLR
IGLLGCNATRENVDRVTEALRAALQHCPKKKL
Number of residues
392
Molecular Weight
43009.535
Theoretical pI
8.55
GO Classification
Functions
alanine-glyoxylate transaminase activity / amino acid binding / protein homodimerization activity / protein self-association / pyridoxal phosphate binding / receptor binding / serine-pyruvate transaminase activity / transaminase activity
Processes
cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process / glycine biosynthetic process, by transamination of glyoxylate / glyoxylate catabolic process / glyoxylate metabolic process / L-alanine catabolic process / L-cysteine catabolic process / Notch signaling pathway / oxalic acid secretion / proteasomal protein catabolic process / pyruvate biosynthetic process / response to cAMP / response to glucocorticoid / small molecule metabolic process
Components
mitochondrial matrix / peroxisomal matrix / peroxisome
General Function
Transaminase activity
Specific Function
Not Available
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane Regions
Not Available
Cellular Location
Peroxisome
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0010081|Serine--pyruvate aminotransferase (AGXT)
ATGGCCTCTCACAAGCTGCTGGTGACCCCCCCCAAGGCCCTGCTCAAGCCCCTCTCCATC
CCCAACCAGCTCCTGCTGGGGCCTGGTCCTTCCAACCTGCCTCCTCGCATCATGGCAGCC
GGGGGGCTGCAGATGATCGGGTCCATGAGCAAGGATATGTACCAGATCATGGACGAGATC
AAGGAAGGCATCCAGTACGTGTTCCAGACCAGGAACCCACTCACACTGGTCATCTCTGGC
TCGGGACACTGTGCCCTGGAGGCCGCCCTGGTCAATGTGCTGGAGCCTGGGGACTCCTTC
CTGGTTGGGGCCAATGGCATTTGGGGGCAGCGAGCCGTGGACATCGGGGAGCGCATAGGA
GCCCGAGTGCACCCGATGACCAAGGACCCTGGAGGCCACTACACACTGCAGGAGGTGGAG
GAGGGCCTGGCCCAGCACAAGCCAGTGCTGCTGTTCTTAACCCACGGGGAGTCGTCCACC
GGCGTGCTGCAGCCCCTTGATGGCTTCGGGGAACTCTGCCACAGGTACAAGTGCCTGCTC
CTGGTGGATTCGGTGGCATCCCTGGGCGGGACCCCCCTTTACATGGACCGGCAAGGCATC
GACATCCTGTACTCGGGCTCCCAGAAGGCCCTGAACGCCCCTCCAGGGACCTCGCTCATC
TCCTTCAGTGACAAGGCCAAAAAGAAGATGTACTCCCGCAAGACGAAGCCCTTCTCCTTC
TACCTGGACATCAAGTGGCTGGCCAACTTCTGGGGCTGTGACGACCAGCCCAGGATGTAC
CATCACACAATCCCCGTCATCAGCCTGTACAGCCTGAGAGAGAGCCTGGCCCTCATTGCG
GAACAGGGCCTGGAGAACAGCTGGCGCCAGCACCGCGAGGCCGCGGCGTATCTGCATGGG
CGCCTGCAGGCACTGGGGCTGCAGCTCTTCGTGAAGGACCCGGCGCTCCGGCTTCCCACA
GTCACCACTGTGGCTGTACCCGCTGGCTATGACTGGAGAGACATCGTCAGCTACGTCATA
GACCACTTCGACATTGAGATCATGGGTGGCCTTGGGCCCTCCACGGGGAAGGTGCTGCGG
ATCGGCCTGCTGGGCTGCAATGCCACCCGCGAGAATGTGGACCGCGTGACGGAGGCCCTG
AGGGCGGCCCTGCAGCACTGCCCCAAGAAGAAGCTGTGA
Chromosome Location
2
Locus
2q36-q37
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDP21549
UniProtKB Entry NameSPYA_HUMAN
GenBank Protein ID36582
GenBank Gene IDX56092
GenAtlas IDAGXT
HGNC IDHGNC:341
General References
  1. Nishiyama K, Berstein G, Oda T, Ichiyama A: Cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding human liver serine-pyruvate aminotransferase. Eur J Biochem. 1990 Nov 26;194(1):9-18. [Article]
  2. Purdue PE, Takada Y, Danpure CJ: Identification of mutations associated with peroxisome-to-mitochondrion mistargeting of alanine/glyoxylate aminotransferase in primary hyperoxaluria type 1. J Cell Biol. 1990 Dec;111(6 Pt 1):2341-51. [Article]
  3. Takada Y, Kaneko N, Esumi H, Purdue PE, Danpure CJ: Human peroxisomal L-alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase. Evolutionary loss of a mitochondrial targeting signal by point mutation of the initiation codon. Biochem J. 1990 Jun 1;268(2):517-20. [Article]
  4. Purdue PE, Lumb MJ, Fox M, Griffo G, Hamon-Benais C, Povey S, Danpure CJ: Characterization and chromosomal mapping of a genomic clone encoding human alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. Genomics. 1991 May;10(1):34-42. [Article]
  5. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [Article]
  6. Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Pepin KH, Minx P, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Kremitzki C, Oddy L, Du H, Sun H, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Carter J, Cordes M, Harris A, Isak A, van Brunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Abbott S, Armstrong J, Belter EA, Caruso L, Cedroni M, Cotton M, Davidson T, Desai A, Elliott G, Erb T, Fronick C, Gaige T, Haakenson W, Haglund K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Kim K, Kruchowski SS, Strong CM, Grewal N, Goyea E, Hou S, Levy A, Martinka S, Mead K, McLellan MD, Meyer R, Randall-Maher J, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Shah N, Swearengen-Shahid S, Snider J, Strong JT, Thompson J, Yoakum M, Leonard S, Pearman C, Trani L, Radionenko M, Waligorski JE, Wang C, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Maupin R, Latreille P, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Pohl C, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Berkowicz N, Nelson JO, Osborne J, Ding L, Meyer R, Sabo A, Shotland Y, Sinha P, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Jones TA, She X, Ciccarelli FD, Izaurralde E, Taylor J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Cox DR, Huang X, McPherson JD, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Warren WC, Chinwalla AT, Eddy SR, Marra MA, Ovcharenko I, Furey TS, Miller W, Eichler EE, Bork P, Suyama M, Torrents D, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. Nature. 2005 Apr 7;434(7034):724-31. [Article]
  7. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [Article]
  8. Bian Y, Song C, Cheng K, Dong M, Wang F, Huang J, Sun D, Wang L, Ye M, Zou H: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome. J Proteomics. 2014 Jan 16;96:253-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014. Epub 2013 Nov 22. [Article]
  9. Zhang X, Roe SM, Hou Y, Bartlam M, Rao Z, Pearl LH, Danpure CJ: Crystal structure of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase and the relationship between genotype and enzymatic phenotype in primary hyperoxaluria type 1. J Mol Biol. 2003 Aug 15;331(3):643-52. [Article]
  10. Nishiyama K, Funai T, Katafuchi R, Hattori F, Onoyama K, Ichiyama A: Primary hyperoxaluria type I due to a point mutation of T to C in the coding region of the serine:pyruvate aminotransferase gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 May 15;176(3):1093-9. [Article]
  11. Purdue PE, Lumb MJ, Allsop J, Minatogawa Y, Danpure CJ: A glycine-to-glutamate substitution abolishes alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase catalytic activity in a subset of patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Genomics. 1992 May;13(1):215-8. [Article]
  12. Minatogawa Y, Tone S, Allsop J, Purdue PE, Takada Y, Danpur CJ, Kido R: A serine-to-phenylalanine substitution leads to loss of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase catalytic activity and immunoreactivity in a patient with primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Hum Mol Genet. 1992 Nov;1(8):643-4. [Article]
  13. Danpure CJ, Purdue PE, Fryer P, Griffiths S, Allsop J, Lumb MJ, Guttridge KM, Jennings PR, Scheinman JI, Mauer SM, et al.: Enzymological and mutational analysis of a complex primary hyperoxaluria type 1 phenotype involving alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase peroxisome-to-mitochondrion mistargeting and intraperoxisomal aggregation. Am J Hum Genet. 1993 Aug;53(2):417-32. [Article]
  14. Danpure CJ: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 and peroxisome-to-mitochondrion mistargeting of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. Biochimie. 1993;75(3-4):309-15. [Article]
  15. von Schnakenburg C, Rumsby G: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1: a cluster of new mutations in exon 7 of the AGXT gene. J Med Genet. 1997 Jun;34(6):489-92. [Article]
  16. von Schnakenburg C, Rumsby G: Identification of new mutations in primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1). J Nephrol. 1998 Mar-Apr;11 Suppl 1:15-7. [Article]
  17. Amoroso A, Pirulli D, Puzzer D, Ferri L, Crovella S, Ferrettini C, Marangella M, Mazzola G, Florian F: Gene symbol: AGXT. Disease: primary hyperoxaluria type I. Hum Genet. 1999 May;104(5):441. [Article]
  18. Pirulli D, Puzzer D, Ferri L, Crovella S, Amoroso A, Ferrettini C, Marangella M, Mazzola G, Florian F: Molecular analysis of hyperoxaluria type 1 in Italian patients reveals eight new mutations in the alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase gene. Hum Genet. 1999 Jun;104(6):523-5. [Article]
  19. Rinat C, Wanders RJ, Drukker A, Halle D, Frishberg Y: Primary hyperoxaluria type I: a model for multiple mutations in a monogenic disease within a distinct ethnic group. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999 Nov;10(11):2352-8. [Article]
  20. Basmaison O, Rolland MO, Cochat P, Bozon D: Identification of 5 novel mutations in the AGXT gene. Hum Mutat. 2000 Jun;15(6):577. [Article]
  21. Lumb MJ, Danpure CJ: Functional synergism between the most common polymorphism in human alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase and four of the most common disease-causing mutations. J Biol Chem. 2000 Nov 17;275(46):36415-22. [Article]
  22. Coulter-Mackie MB, Tung A, Henderson HE, Toone JR, Applegarth DA: The AGT gene in Africa: a distinctive minor allele haplotype, a polymorphism (V326I), and a novel PH1 mutation (A112D) in Black Africans. Mol Genet Metab. 2003 Jan;78(1):44-50. [Article]
  23. Santana A, Salido E, Torres A, Shapiro LJ: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 in the Canary Islands: a conformational disease due to I244T mutation in the P11L-containing alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Jun 10;100(12):7277-82. Epub 2003 May 30. [Article]
  24. van Woerden CS, Groothoff JW, Wijburg FA, Annink C, Wanders RJ, Waterham HR: Clinical implications of mutation analysis in primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Kidney Int. 2004 Aug;66(2):746-52. [Article]
  25. Monico CG, Olson JB, Milliner DS: Implications of genotype and enzyme phenotype in pyridoxine response of patients with type I primary hyperoxaluria. Am J Nephrol. 2005 Mar-Apr;25(2):183-8. Epub 2005 Apr 21. [Article]
  26. Frishberg Y, Rinat C, Shalata A, Khatib I, Feinstein S, Becker-Cohen R, Weismann I, Wanders RJ, Rumsby G, Roels F, Mandel H: Intra-familial clinical heterogeneity: absence of genotype-phenotype correlation in primary hyperoxaluria type 1 in Israel. Am J Nephrol. 2005 May-Jun;25(3):269-75. Epub 2005 Jun 15. [Article]
  27. Coulter-Mackie MB, Lian Q, Applegarth D, Toone J: The major allele of the alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase gene: nine novel mutations and polymorphisms associated with primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Mol Genet Metab. 2005 Sep-Oct;86(1-2):172-8. Epub 2005 Jun 15. [Article]
  28. Coulter-Mackie MB, Lian Q: Consequences of missense mutations for dimerization and turnover of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase: study of a spectrum of mutations. Mol Genet Metab. 2006 Dec;89(4):349-59. Epub 2006 Sep 12. [Article]
  29. Williams E, Rumsby G: Selected exonic sequencing of the AGXT gene provides a genetic diagnosis in 50% of patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Clin Chem. 2007 Jul;53(7):1216-21. Epub 2007 May 10. [Article]
  30. Oppici E, Roncador A, Montioli R, Bianconi S, Cellini B: Gly161 mutations associated with Primary Hyperoxaluria Type I induce the cytosolic aggregation and the intracellular degradation of the apo-form of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Dec;1832(12):2277-88. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.09.002. Epub 2013 Sep 17. [Article]
  31. Fargue S, Lewin J, Rumsby G, Danpure CJ: Four of the most common mutations in primary hyperoxaluria type 1 unmask the cryptic mitochondrial targeting sequence of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase encoded by the polymorphic minor allele. J Biol Chem. 2013 Jan 25;288(4):2475-84. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.432617. Epub 2012 Dec 10. [Article]
  32. Li GM, Xu H, Shen Q, Gong YN, Fang XY, Sun L, Liu HM, An Y: Mutational analysis of AGXT in two Chinese families with primary hyperoxaluria type 1. BMC Nephrol. 2014 Jun 17;15:92. doi: 10.1186/1471-2369-15-92. [Article]
  33. Montioli R, Oppici E, Dindo M, Roncador A, Gotte G, Cellini B, Borri Voltattorni C: Misfolding caused by the pathogenic mutation G47R on the minor allele of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase and chaperoning activity of pyridoxine. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015 Oct;1854(10 Pt A):1280-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.07.002. Epub 2015 Jul 3. [Article]

Drug Relations

Drug Relations
DrugBank IDNameDrug groupPharmacological action?ActionsDetails
DB00160AlaninenutraceuticalunknownDetails
DB00114Pyridoxal phosphateapproved, investigational, nutraceuticalunknowncofactorDetails
DB00133Serineinvestigational, nutraceuticalunknownDetails
DB00145Glycineapproved, nutraceutical, vet_approvedunknownsubstrateDetails
DB02079Aminooxyacetic acidexperimentalunknownDetails
DB04083N(6)-(pyridoxal phosphate)-L-lysineexperimentalunknownDetails
DB080604-(2-AMINOPHENYL)-4-OXOBUTANOIC ACIDexperimentalunknownDetails