Tyrosine-protein kinase SYK

Details

Name
Tyrosine-protein kinase SYK
Synonyms
  • 2.7.10.2
  • p72-Syk
  • Spleen tyrosine kinase
Gene Name
SYK
Organism
Humans
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0002614|Tyrosine-protein kinase SYK
MASSGMADSANHLPFFFGNITREEAEDYLVQGGMSDGLYLLRQSRNYLGGFALSVAHGRK
AHHYTIERELNGTYAIAGGRTHASPADLCHYHSQESDGLVCLLKKPFNRPQGVQPKTGPF
EDLKENLIREYVKQTWNLQGQALEQAIISQKPQLEKLIATTAHEKMPWFHGKISREESEQ
IVLIGSKTNGKFLIRARDNNGSYALCLLHEGKVLHYRIDKDKTGKLSIPEGKKFDTLWQL
VEHYSYKADGLLRVLTVPCQKIGTQGNVNFGGRPQLPGSHPATWSAGGIISRIKSYSFPK
PGHRKSSPAQGNRQESTVSFNPYEPELAPWAADKGPQREALPMDTEVYESPYADPEEIRP
KEVYLDRKLLTLEDKELGSGNFGTVKKGYYQMKKVVKTVAVKILKNEANDPALKDELLAE
ANVMQQLDNPYIVRMIGICEAESWMLVMEMAELGPLNKYLQQNRHVKDKNIIELVHQVSM
GMKYLEESNFVHRDLAARNVLLVTQHYAKISDFGLSKALRADENYYKAQTHGKWPVKWYA
PECINYYKFSSKSDVWSFGVLMWEAFSYGQKPYRGMKGSEVTAMLEKGERMGCPAGCPRE
MYDLMNLCWTYDVENRPGFAAVELRLRNYYYDVVN
Number of residues
635
Molecular Weight
72065.76
Theoretical pI
8.4
GO Classification
Functions
ATP binding / integrin binding / non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity / protein kinase activity / protein serine/threonine kinase activity / protein tyrosine kinase activity / receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activity
Processes
activation of JUN kinase activity / adaptive immune response / angiogenesis / B cell receptor signaling pathway / beta selection / blood coagulation / blood vessel morphogenesis / cell differentiation / cell proliferation / cellular response to low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus / cellular response to molecule of fungal origin / defense response to bacterium / Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway / Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis / innate immune response / integrin-mediated signaling pathway / leukocyte activation involved in immune response / leukocyte cell-cell adhesion / leukotriene biosynthetic process / lymph vessel development / macrophage activation involved in immune response / neutrophil activation involved in immune response / neutrophil chemotaxis / organ morphogenesis / peptidyl-serine phosphorylation / peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation / platelet activation / positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation / positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation / positive regulation of B cell differentiation / positive regulation of bone resorption / positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling / positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin / positive regulation of cytokine secretion / positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation / positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process / positive regulation of interleukin-3 biosynthetic process / positive regulation of mast cell degranulation / positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation / positive regulation of receptor internalization / positive regulation of type I interferon production / protein phosphorylation / receptor internalization / regulation of arachidonic acid secretion / regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade / regulation of neutrophil degranulation / regulation of phagocytosis / regulation of platelet activation / regulation of platelet aggregation / regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity / regulation of superoxide anion generation / regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway / serotonin secretion by platelet / stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway / transcription factor import into nucleus / transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway / viral process
Components
B cell receptor complex / cytoplasm / cytosol / early phagosome / extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane / nucleus / plasma membrane / protein complex / T cell receptor complex
General Function
Receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activity
Specific Function
Non-receptor tyrosine kinase which mediates signal transduction downstream of a variety of transmembrane receptors including classical immunoreceptors like the B-cell receptor (BCR). Regulates several biological processes including innate and adaptive immunity, cell adhesion, osteoclast maturation, platelet activation and vascular development. Assembles into signaling complexes with activated receptors at the plasma membrane via interaction between its SH2 domains and the receptor tyrosine-phosphorylated ITAM domains. The association with the receptor can also be indirect and mediated by adapter proteins containing ITAM or partial hemITAM domains. The phosphorylation of the ITAM domains is generally mediated by SRC subfamily kinases upon engagement of the receptor. More rarely signal transduction via SYK could be ITAM-independent. Direct downstream effectors phosphorylated by SYK include VAV1, PLCG1, PI-3-kinase, LCP2 and BLNK. Initially identified as essential in B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling, it is necessary for the maturation of B-cells most probably at the pro-B to pre-B transition. Activated upon BCR engagement, it phosphorylates and activates BLNK an adapter linking the activated BCR to downstream signaling adapters and effectors. It also phosphorylates and activates PLCG1 and the PKC signaling pathway. It also phosphorylates BTK and regulates its activity in B-cell antigen receptor (BCR)-coupled signaling. In addition to its function downstream of BCR plays also a role in T-cell receptor signaling. Plays also a crucial role in the innate immune response to fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens. It is for instance activated by the membrane lectin CLEC7A. Upon stimulation by fungal proteins, CLEC7A together with SYK activates immune cells inducing the production of ROS. Also activates the inflammasome and NF-kappa-B-mediated transcription of chemokines and cytokines in presence of pathogens. Regulates neutrophil degranulation and phagocytosis through activation of the MAPK signaling cascade. Also mediates the activation of dendritic cells by cell necrosis stimuli. Also involved in mast cells activation. Also functions downstream of receptors mediating cell adhesion. Relays for instance, integrin-mediated neutrophils and macrophages activation and P-selectin receptor/SELPG-mediated recruitment of leukocytes to inflammatory loci. Plays also a role in non-immune processes. It is for instance involved in vascular development where it may regulate blood and lymphatic vascular separation. It is also required for osteoclast development and function. Functions in the activation of platelets by collagen, mediating PLCG2 phosphorylation and activation. May be coupled to the collagen receptor by the ITAM domain-containing FCER1G. Also activated by the membrane lectin CLEC1B that is required for activation of platelets by PDPN/podoplanin. Involved in platelet adhesion being activated by ITGB3 engaged by fibrinogen.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane Regions
Not Available
Cellular Location
Cell membrane
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0010918|Tyrosine-protein kinase SYK (SYK)
ATGGCCAGCAGCGGCATGGCTGACAGCGCCAACCACCTGCCCTTCTTTTTCGGCAACATC
ACCCGGGAGGAGGCAGAAGATTACCTGGTCCAGGGGGGCATGAGTGATGGGCTTTATTTG
CTGCGCCAGAGCCGCAACTACCTGGGTGGCTTCGCCCTGTCCGTGGCCCACGGGAGGAAG
GCACACCACTACACCATCGAGCGGGAGCTGAATGGCACCTACGCCATCGCCGGTGGCAGG
ACCCATGCCAGCCCCGCCGACCTCTGCCACTACCACTCCCAGGAGTCTGATGGCCTGGTC
TGCCTCCTCAAGAAGCCCTTCAACCGGCCCCAAGGGGTGCAGCCCAAGACTGGGCCCTTT
GAGGATTTGAAGGAAAACCTCATCAGGGAATATGTGAAGCAGACATGGAACCTGCAGGGT
CAGGCTCTGGAGCAGGCCATCATCAGTCAGAAGCCTCAGCTGGAGAAGCTGATCGCTACC
ACAGCCCATGAAAAAATGCCTTGGTTCCATGGAAAAATCTCTCGGGAAGAATCTGAGCAA
ATTGTCCTGATAGGATCAAAGACAAATGGAAAGTTCCTGATCCGAGCCAGAGACAACAAC
GGCTCCTACGCCCTGTGCCTGCTGCACGAAGGGAAGGTGCTGCACTATCGCATCGACAAA
GACAAGACAGGGAAGCTCTCCATCCCCGAGGGAAAGAAGTTCGACACGCTCTGGCAGCTA
GTCGAGCATTATTCTTATAAAGCAGATGGTTTGTTAAGAGTTCTTACTGTCCCATGTCAA
AAAATCGGCACACAGGGAAATGTTAATTTTGGAGGCCGTCCACAACTTCCAGGTTCCCAT
CCTGCGTCCTCCCCTGCCCAAGGGAACCGGCAAGAGAGTACTGTGTCATTCAATCCGTAT
GAGCCAGAACTTGCACCCTGGGCTGCAGACAAAGGCCCCCAGAGAGAAGCCCTACCCATG
GACACAGAGGTGTACGAGAGCCCCTACGCGGACCCCGAGGAGATCAGGCCCAAGGAGGTT
TACCTGGACCGAAAGCTGCTGACGCTGGAAGACAAAGAACTGGGCTCTGGTAATTTTGGA
ACTGTGAAAAAGGGCTACTACCAAATGAAAAAAGTTGTGAAAACCGTGGCTGTGAAAATA
CTGAAAAACGAGGCCAATGACCCCGCTCTTAAAGATGAGTTATTAGCAGAAGCAAATGTC
ATGCAGCAGCTGGACAACCCGTACATCGTGCGGATGATCGGGATATGCGAGGCCGAGTCC
TGGATGCTGGTTATGGAGATGGCAGAACTTGGTCCCCTCAATAAGTATTTGCAGCAGAAC
AGACATGTCAAGGATAAGAACATCATAGAACTGGTTCATCAGGTTTCCATGGGCATGAAG
TACTTGGAGGAGAGCAATTTTGTGCACAGAGATCTGGCTGCAAGAAATGTGTTGCTAGTT
ACCCAACATTACGCCAAGATCAGTGATTTCGGACTTTCCAAAGCACTGCGTGCTGATGAA
AACTACTACAAGGCCCAGACCCATGGAAAGTGGCCTGTCAAGTGGTACGCTCCGGAATGC
ATCAACTACTACAAGTTCTCCAGCAAAAGCGATGTCTGGAGCTTTGGAGTGTTGATGTGG
GAAGCATTCTCCTATGGGCAGAAGCCATATCGAGGGATGAAAGGAAGTGAAGTCACCGCT
ATGTTAGAGAAAGGAGAGCGGATGGGGTGCCCTGCAGGGTGTCCAAGAGAGATGTACGAT
CTCATGAATCTGTGCTGGACATACGATGTGGAAAACAGGCCCGGATTCGCAGCAGTGGAA
CTGCGGCTGCGCAATTACTACTATGACGTGGTGAACTAA
Chromosome Location
9
Locus
9q22
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDP43405
UniProtKB Entry NameKSYK_HUMAN
GenBank Protein ID496900
GenBank Gene IDZ29630
GenAtlas IDSYK
HGNC IDHGNC:11491
General References
  1. Yagi S, Suzuki K, Hasegawa A, Okumura K, Ra C: Cloning of the cDNA for the deleted syk kinase homologous to ZAP-70 from human basophilic leukemia cell line (KU812). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Apr 15;200(1):28-34. [Article]
  2. Law CL, Sidorenko SP, Chandran KA, Draves KE, Chan AC, Weiss A, Edelhoff S, Disteche CM, Clark EA: Molecular cloning of human Syk. A B cell protein-tyrosine kinase associated with the surface immunoglobulin M-B cell receptor complex. J Biol Chem. 1994 Apr 22;269(16):12310-9. [Article]
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  7. Deckert M, Tartare-Deckert S, Couture C, Mustelin T, Altman A: Functional and physical interactions of Syk family kinases with the Vav proto-oncogene product. Immunity. 1996 Dec;5(6):591-604. [Article]
  8. Law CL, Chandran KA, Sidorenko SP, Clark EA: Phospholipase C-gamma1 interacts with conserved phosphotyrosyl residues in the linker region of Syk and is a substrate for Syk. Mol Cell Biol. 1996 Apr;16(4):1305-15. [Article]
  9. Deckert M, Elly C, Altman A, Liu YC: Coordinated regulation of the tyrosine phosphorylation of Cbl by Fyn and Syk tyrosine kinases. J Biol Chem. 1998 Apr 10;273(15):8867-74. [Article]
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  12. Tang J, Sawasdikosol S, Chang JH, Burakoff SJ: SLAP, a dimeric adapter protein, plays a functional role in T cell receptor signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Aug 17;96(17):9775-80. [Article]
  13. Xu MJ, Zhao R, Zhao ZJ: Molecular cloning and characterization of SPAP1, an inhibitory receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Jan 26;280(3):768-75. [Article]
  14. Chiu CW, Dalton M, Ishiai M, Kurosaki T, Chan AC: BLNK: molecular scaffolding through 'cis'-mediated organization of signaling proteins. EMBO J. 2002 Dec 2;21(23):6461-72. [Article]
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  28. Romero-Camarero I, Jiang X, Natkunam Y, Lu X, Vicente-Duenas C, Gonzalez-Herrero I, Flores T, Garcia JL, McNamara G, Kunder C, Zhao S, Segura V, Fontan L, Martinez-Climent JA, Garcia-Criado FJ, Theis JD, Dogan A, Campos-Sanchez E, Green MR, Alizadeh AA, Cobaleda C, Sanchez-Garcia I, Lossos IS: Germinal centre protein HGAL promotes lymphoid hyperplasia and amyloidosis via BCR-mediated Syk activation. Nat Commun. 2013;4:1338. doi: 10.1038/ncomms2334. [Article]
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Drug Relations

Drug Relations
DrugBank IDNameDrug groupPharmacological action?ActionsDetails
DB02010StaurosporineexperimentalunknownDetails
DB06834N-(2-hydroxy-1,1-dimethylethyl)-1-methyl-3-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-2-yl)-1H-indole-5-carboxamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB07159Tamatinibexperimental, investigationalunknowninhibitorDetails
DB071942-{2-[(3,5-dimethylphenyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}-N-[(1S)-2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl]-4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB083612-{[(1R,2S)-2-aminocyclohexyl]amino}-4-[(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB08846Ellagic acidinvestigationalunknowninhibitorDetails
DB12010Fostamatinibapproved, investigationalyesinhibitorDetails
DB12121EntospletinibinvestigationalunknowninhibitorDetails