Hexokinase-2
Details
- Name
- Hexokinase-2
- Synonyms
- 2.7.1.1
- Hexokinase type II
- Hexokinase-B
- HK II
- Muscle form hexokinase
- Gene Name
- HK2
- Organism
- Humans
- Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0052181|Hexokinase-2 MIASHLLAYFFTELNHDQVQKVDQYLYHMRLSDETLLEISKRFRKEMEKGLGATTHPTAA VKMLPTFVRSTPDGTEHGEFLALDLGGTNFRVLWVKVTDNGLQKVEMENQIYAIPEDIMR GSGTQLFDHIAECLANFMDKLQIKDKKLPLGFTFSFPCHQTKLDESFLVSWTKGFKSSGV EGRDVVALIRKAIQRRGDFDIDIVAVVNDTVGTMMTCGYDDHNCEIGLIVGTGSNACYME EMRHIDMVEGDEGRMCINMEWGAFGDDGSLNDIRTEFDQEIDMGSLNPGKQLFEKMISGM YMGELVRLILVKMAKEELLFGGKLSPELLNTGRFETKDISDIEGEKDGIRKAREVLMRLG LDPTQEDCVATHRICQIVSTRSASLCAATLAAVLQRIKENKGEERLRSTIGVDGSVYKKH PHFAKRLHKTVRRLVPGCDVRFLRSEDGSGKGAAMVTAVAYRLADQHRARQKTLEHLQLS HDQLLEVKRRMKVEMERGLSKETHASAPVKMLPTYVCATPDGTEKGDFLALDLGGTNFRV LLVRVRNGKWGGVEMHNKIYAIPQEVMHGTGDELFDHIVQCIADFLEYMGMKGVSLPLGF TFSFPCQQNSLDESILLKWTKGFKASGCEGEDVVTLLKEAIHRREEFDLDVVAVVNDTVG TMMTCGFEDPHCEVGLIVGTGSNACYMEEMRNVELVEGEEGRMCVNMEWGAFGDNGCLDD FRTEFDVAVDELSLNPGKQRFEKMISGMYLGEIVRNILIDFTKRGLLFRGRISERLKTRG IFETKFLSQIESDCLALLQVRAILQHLGLESTCDDSIIVKEVCTVVARRAAQLCGAGMAA VVDRIRENRGLDALKVTVGVDGTLYKLHPHFAKVMHETVKDLAPKCDVSFLQSEDGSGKG AALITAVACRIREAGQR
- Number of residues
- 917
- Molecular Weight
- 102379.06
- Theoretical pI
- Not Available
- GO Classification
- FunctionsATP binding / fructokinase activity / glucokinase activity / glucose binding / hexokinase activity / mannokinase activityProcessesapoptotic mitochondrial changes / canonical glycolysis / cellular glucose homeostasis / cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor / establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion / fructose 6-phosphate metabolic process / glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process / glycolytic process / lactation / maintenance of protein location in mitochondrion / negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability / negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process / positive regulation of angiogenesis / positive regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion in response to mitochondrial depolarization / regulation of glucose import / response to hypoxia / response to ischemiaComponentscell / cytosol / membrane / mitochondrial outer membrane / plasma membrane / sarcoplasmic reticulum
- General Function
- Catalyzes the phosphorylation of hexose, such as D-glucose and D-fructose, to hexose 6-phosphate (D-glucose 6-phosphate and D-fructose 6-phosphate, respectively) (PubMed:23185017, PubMed:26985301, PubMed:29298880). Mediates the initial step of glycolysis by catalyzing phosphorylation of D-glucose to D-glucose 6-phosphate (PubMed:29298880). Plays a key role in maintaining the integrity of the outer mitochondrial membrane by preventing the release of apoptogenic molecules from the intermembrane space and subsequent apoptosis (PubMed:18350175).
- Specific Function
- Atp binding
- Pfam Domain Function
- Transmembrane Regions
- Not Available
- Cellular Location
- Mitochondrion outer membrane
- Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0052182|Hexokinase-2 (HK2) ATGATTGCCTCGCATCTGCTTGCCTACTTCTTCACGGAGCTCAACCATGACCAAGTGCAG AAGGTTGACCAGTATCTCTACCACATGCGCCTCTCTGATGAGACCCTCTTGGAGATCTCT AAGCGGTTCCGCAAGGAGATGGAGAAAGGGCTTGGAGCCACCACTCACCCTACTGCAGCA GTGAAGATGCTGCCCACCTTTGTGAGGTCCACTCCAGATGGGACAGAACACGGAGAGTTC CTGGCTCTGGATCTTGGAGGGACCAACTTCCGTGTGCTTTGGGTGAAAGTAACGGACAAT GGGCTCCAGAAGGTGGAGATGGAGAATCAGATCTATGCCATCCCTGAGGACATCATGCGA GGCAGTGGCACCCAGCTGTTTGACCACATTGCCGAATGCCTGGCTAACTTCATGGATAAG CTACAAATCAAAGACAAGAAGCTCCCACTGGGTTTTACCTTCTCGTTCCCCTGCCACCAG ACTAAACTAGACGAGAGTTTCCTGGTCTCATGGACCAAGGGATTCAAGTCCAGTGGAGTG GAAGGCAGAGACGTTGTGGCTCTGATCCGGAAGGCCATCCAGAGGAGAGGGGACTTTGAT ATCGACATTGTGGCTGTGGTGAATGACACAGTTGGGACCATGATGACCTGTGGTTATGAT GACCACAACTGTGAGATTGGTCTCATTGTGGGCACGGGCAGCAACGCCTGCTACATGGAA GAGATGCGCCACATCGACATGGTGGAAGGCGATGAGGGGCGGATGTGTATCAATATGGAG TGGGGGGCCTTCGGGGACGATGGCTCGCTCAACGACATTCGCACTGAGTTTGACCAGGAG ATTGACATGGGCTCACTGAACCCGGGAAAGCAACTGTTTGAGAAGATGATCAGTGGGATG TACATGGGGGAGCTGGTGAGGCTTATCCTGGTGAAGATGGCCAAGGAGGAGCTGCTCTTT GGGGGGAAGCTCAGCCCAGAGCTTCTCAACACCGGTCGCTTTGAGACCAAAGACATCTCA GACATTGAAGGGGAGAAGGATGGCATCCGGAAGGCCCGTGAGGTCCTGATGCGGTTGGGC CTGGACCCGACTCAGGAGGACTGCGTGGCCACTCACCGGATCTGCCAGATCGTGTCCACA CGCTCCGCCAGCCTGTGCGCAGCCACCCTGGCCGCCGTGCTGCAGCGCATCAAGGAGAAC AAAGGCGAGGAGCGGCTGCGCTCTACTATTGGGGTCGACGGTTCCGTCTACAAGAAACAC CCCCATTTTGCCAAGCGTCTACATAAGACCGTGCGGCGGCTGGTGCCCGGCTGCGATGTC CGCTTCCTCCGCTCCGAGGATGGCAGTGGCAAAGGTGCAGCCATGGTGACAGCAGTGGCT TACCGGCTGGCCGATCAACACCGTGCCCGCCAGAAGACATTAGAGCATCTGCAGCTGAGC CATGACCAGCTGCTGGAGGTCAAGAGGAGGATGAAGGTAGAAATGGAGCGAGGTCTGAGC AAGGAGACTCATGCCAGTGCCCCCGTCAAGATGCTGCCCACCTACGTGTGTGCTACCCCG GACGGCACAGAGAAAGGGGACTTCTTGGCCTTGGACCTTGGAGGAACAAATTTCCGGGTC CTGCTGGTCCGTGTTCGGAATGGGAAGTGGGGTGGAGTGGAGATGCACAACAAGATCTAC GCCATCCCGCAGGAGGTCATGCACGGCACCGGGGACGAGCTCTTTGACCACATTGTCCAG TGCATCGCGGACTTCCTCGAGTACATGGGCATGAAGGGCGTGTCCCTGCCTCTGGGTTTT ACCTTCTCCTTCCCCTGCCAGCAGAACAGCCTGGACGAGAGCATCCTCCTCAAGTGGACA AAAGGCTTCAAGGCATCTGGCTGCGAGGGCGAGGACGTGGTGACCCTGCTGAAGGAAGCG ATCCACCGGCGAGAGGAGTTTGACCTGGATGTGGTTGCTGTGGTGAACGACACAGTCGGA ACTATGATGACCTGTGGCTTTGAAGACCCTCACTGTGAAGTTGGCCTCATTGTTGGCACG GGCAGCAATGCCTGCTACATGGAGGAGATGCGCAACGTGGAACTGGTGGAAGGAGAAGAG GGGCGGATGTGTGTGAACATGGAATGGGGGGCCTTCGGGGACAATGGATGCCTAGATGAC TTCCGCACAGAATTTGATGTGGCTGTGGATGAGCTTTCACTCAACCCCGGCAAGCAGAGG TTCGAGAAAATGATCAGTGGAATGTACCTGGGTGAGATTGTCCGTAACATTCTCATCGAT TTCACCAAGCGTGGACTACTCTTCCGAGGCCGCATCTCAGAGCGGCTCAAGACAAGGGGC ATCTTTGAAACCAAGTTCTTGTCTCAGATTGAGAGTGACTGCCTGGCCCTGCTGCAAGTC CGAGCCATCCTGCAACACTTAGGGCTTGAGAGCACCTGTGACGACAGCATCATTGTTAAG GAGGTGTGCACTGTGGTGGCCCGGCGGGCAGCCCAGCTCTGTGGCGCAGGCATGGCCGCT GTGGTGGACAGGATACGAGAAAACCGTGGGCTGGACGCTCTCAAAGTGACAGTGGGTGTG GATGGGACCCTCTACAAGCTACATCCTCACTTTGCCAAAGTCATGCATGAGACAGTGAAG GACCTGGCTCCGAAATGTGATGTGTCTTTCCTGCAGTCAGAGGATGGCAGCGGGAAGGGG GCGGCGCTCATCACTGCTGTGGCCTGCCGCATCCGTGAGGCTGGACAGCGATAG
- Chromosome Location
- 2
- Locus
- 2p12
- External Identifiers
Resource Link UniProtKB ID P52789 UniProtKB Entry Name HXK2_HUMAN HGNC ID HGNC:4923 - General References
- Deeb SS, Malkki M, Laakso M: Human hexokinase II: sequence and homology to other hexokinases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Nov 30;197(1):68-74. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.1993.2442. [Article]
- Lehto M, Huang X, Davis EM, Le Beau MM, Laurila E, Eriksson KF, Bell GI, Groop L: Human hexokinase II gene: exon-intron organization, mutation screening in NIDDM, and its relationship to muscle hexokinase activity. Diabetologia. 1995 Dec;38(12):1466-74. doi: 10.1007/bf00400608. [Article]
- Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [Article]
- Shinohara Y, Yamamoto K, Kogure K, Ichihara J, Terada H: Steady state transcript levels of the type II hexokinase and type 1 glucose transporter in human tumor cell lines. Cancer Lett. 1994 Jul 15;82(1):27-32. doi: 10.1016/0304-3835(94)90142-2. [Article]
- Chiara F, Castellaro D, Marin O, Petronilli V, Brusilow WS, Juhaszova M, Sollott SJ, Forte M, Bernardi P, Rasola A: Hexokinase II detachment from mitochondria triggers apoptosis through the permeability transition pore independent of voltage-dependent anion channels. PLoS One. 2008 Mar 19;3(3):e1852. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001852. [Article]
- Burkard TR, Planyavsky M, Kaupe I, Breitwieser FP, Burckstummer T, Bennett KL, Superti-Furga G, Colinge J: Initial characterization of the human central proteome. BMC Syst Biol. 2011 Jan 26;5:17. doi: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17. [Article]
- Cheung EC, Ludwig RL, Vousden KH: Mitochondrial localization of TIGAR under hypoxia stimulates HK2 and lowers ROS and cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Dec 11;109(50):20491-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1206530109. Epub 2012 Nov 26. [Article]
- Vaca Jacome AS, Rabilloud T, Schaeffer-Reiss C, Rompais M, Ayoub D, Lane L, Bairoch A, Van Dorsselaer A, Carapito C: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome. Proteomics. 2015 Jul;15(14):2519-24. doi: 10.1002/pmic.201400617. Epub 2015 Jun 8. [Article]
- Lin H, Zeng J, Xie R, Schulz MJ, Tedesco R, Qu J, Erhard KF, Mack JF, Raha K, Rendina AR, Szewczuk LM, Kratz PM, Jurewicz AJ, Cecconie T, Martens S, McDevitt PJ, Martin JD, Chen SB, Jiang Y, Nickels L, Schwartz BJ, Smallwood A, Zhao B, Campobasso N, Qian Y, Briand J, Rominger CM, Oleykowski C, Hardwicke MA, Luengo JI: Discovery of a Novel 2,6-Disubstituted Glucosamine Series of Potent and Selective Hexokinase 2 Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2015 Dec 28;7(3):217-22. doi: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00214. eCollection 2016 Mar 10. [Article]
- Nawaz MH, Ferreira JC, Nedyalkova L, Zhu H, Carrasco-Lopez C, Kirmizialtin S, Rabeh WM: The catalytic inactivation of the N-half of human hexokinase 2 and structural and biochemical characterization of its mitochondrial conformation. Biosci Rep. 2018 Feb 21;38(1). pii: BSR20171666. doi: 10.1042/BSR20171666. Print 2018 Feb 28. [Article]
- Laakso M, Malkki M, Deeb SS: Amino acid substitutions in hexokinase II among patients with NIDDM. Diabetes. 1995 Mar;44(3):330-4. doi: 10.2337/diab.44.3.330. [Article]
- Vidal-Puig A, Printz RL, Stratton IM, Granner DK, Moller DE: Analysis of the hexokinase II gene in subjects with insulin resistance and NIDDM and detection of a Gln142-->His substitution. Diabetes. 1995 Mar;44(3):340-6. doi: 10.2337/diab.44.3.340. [Article]
- Echwald SM, Bjorbaek C, Hansen T, Clausen JO, Vestergaard H, Zierath JR, Printz RL, Granner DK, Pedersen O: Identification of four amino acid substitutions in hexokinase II and studies of relationships to NIDDM, glucose effectiveness, and insulin sensitivity. Diabetes. 1995 Mar;44(3):347-53. doi: 10.2337/diab.44.3.347. [Article]
Drug Relations
- Drug Relations
DrugBank ID Name Drug group Pharmacological action? Actions Details