Piperine, a major constituent of black pepper, inhibits human P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4.
Article Details
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Bhardwaj RK, Glaeser H, Becquemont L, Klotz U, Gupta SK, Fromm MF
Piperine, a major constituent of black pepper, inhibits human P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Aug;302(2):645-50. doi: 10.1124/jpet.102.034728.
- PubMed ID
- 12130727 [ View in PubMed]
- Abstract
Dietary constituents (e.g., in grapefruit juice; NaCl) and phytochemicals (e.g., St. John's wort) are important agents modifying drug metabolism and transport and thereby contribute to interindividual variability in drug disposition. Most of these drug-food interactions are due to induction or inhibition of P-glycoprotein and/or CYP3A4. Preliminary data indicate that piperine, a major component of black pepper, inhibits drug-metabolizing enzymes in rodents and increases plasma concentrations of several drugs, including P-glycoprotein substrates (phenytoin and rifampin) in humans. However, there are no direct data whether piperine is an inhibitor of human P-glycoprotein and/or CYP3A4. We therefore investigated the influence of piperine on P-glycoprotein-mediated, polarized transport of digoxin and cyclosporine in monolayers of Caco-2 cells. Moreover, by using human liver microsomes we determined the effect of piperine on CYP3A4-mediated formation of the verapamil metabolites D-617 and norverapamil. Piperine inhibited digoxin and cyclosporine A transport in Caco-2 cells with IC(50) values of 15.5 and 74.1 microM, respectively. CYP3A4-catalyzed formation of D-617 and norverapamil was inhibited in a mixed fashion, with K(i) values of 36 +/- 8 (liver 1)/49 +/- 6 (liver 2) and 44 +/- 10 (liver 1)/77 +/- 10 microM (liver 2), respectively. In summary, we showed that piperine inhibits both the drug transporter P-glycoprotein and the major drug-metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4. Because both proteins are expressed in enterocytes and hepatocytes and contribute to a major extent to first-pass elimination of many drugs, our data indicate that dietary piperine could affect plasma concentrations of P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 substrates in humans, in particular if these drugs are administered orally.
DrugBank Data that Cites this Article
- Drug Enzymes
Drug Enzyme Kind Organism Pharmacological Action Actions Piperine Cytochrome P450 3A4 Protein Humans UnknownInhibitorDetails - Drug Transporters
Drug Transporter Kind Organism Pharmacological Action Actions Piperine P-glycoprotein 1 Protein Humans UnknownInhibitorDetails - Drug Interactions
Drugs Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareUbidecarenonePiperine The serum concentration of Ubidecarenone can be increased when it is combined with Piperine.