Pharmacokinetics and in vitro studies of l-leucovorin. Comparison with the d and d,l-leucovorin.

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Zittoun J

Pharmacokinetics and in vitro studies of l-leucovorin. Comparison with the d and d,l-leucovorin.

Ann Oncol. 1993;4 Suppl 2:1-5.

PubMed ID
8353099 [ View in PubMed
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The active isomer of leucovorin (LV), LV-6S was compared with the racemic form, LV-6R,S and the inactive form, LV-6R. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pharmacokinetic studies of LV-6S and 6R,S were performed on normal volunteers and patients. Growth of Pediococcus Cerevisiae (PC), a LV-dependent strain, was measured with the 3 forms of LV. CCRF-CEM, a leukemic human cell line, was used to compare the effect of LV-6S, 6R,S and 6R on the rescue of methotrexate (MTX) and on the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). RESULTS: LV-6S exhibits pharmacokinetic patterns similar to those obtained with LV-6R,S whatever the route used, oral or intravenous. The growth of PC was similar with the active isomer and the racemic form while the unnatural isomer, LV-6R did not promote any growth. Cells exposed to MTX (10(-7) to 10(-5) M) were rescued from MTX cytotoxicity with LV-6S and LV-6R,S at concentrations 100 and 200 fold higher, whereas LV-6R did not reverse toxic effects of MTX. An enhancement of the cytotoxicity induced by 5-FU (10(-4) M) was obtained after preexposure of cells to LV-6S or LV-6R,S while LV-6R did not exhibit any synergistic effect. CONCLUSION: LV-6S has similar effects to LV-6R,S in vitro and in vivo but at half doses; its clinical use prevents the possible interference of the inactive isomer, especially in patients receiving high doses of LV.

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