Involvement of PPARgamma in emodin-induced HK-2 cell apoptosis.

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Wang C, Dai X, Liu H, Yi H, Zhou D, Liu C, Ma M, Jiang Z, Zhang L

Involvement of PPARgamma in emodin-induced HK-2 cell apoptosis.

Toxicol In Vitro. 2015 Feb;29(1):228-33.

PubMed ID

25448808 [ View in PubMed

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Abstract

Emodin, a major compound in total rhubarb anthraquinones (TRAs), has exhibited nephrotoxicity in Sprague Dawley rats and cytotoxicity to HK-2 cells, a human proximal tubular epithelial cell line, in our previous study. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying emodin-induced cytotoxicity remain undefined. In this study, the exposure of HK-2 cells to emodin led to decreased cell viability, caspase 3 cleavage and activation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (DWm), and cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytosol. Meanwhile, the levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) mRNA and protein expression were elevated. GW9662, an antagonist of PPARgamma, dramatically ameliorated the release of cytochrome c, the activation of caspase 3, and the reduction of cell viability induced by emodin. Importantly, emodin at the concentration causing apoptosis enhanced the stability of PPARgamma mRNA. Taken together, these findings suggest that PPARgamma might mediate, at least in part, emodin-induced HK-2 cell apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway.