Increased neuron specific enolase expression by urothelial cells exposed to or malignantly transformed by exposure to Cd(2)(+) or As(3)(+).

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Soh M, Dunlevy JR, Garrett SH, Allen C, Sens DA, Zhou XD, Sens MA, Somji S

Increased neuron specific enolase expression by urothelial cells exposed to or malignantly transformed by exposure to Cd(2)(+) or As(3)(+).

Toxicol Lett. 2012 Jul 7;212(1):66-74. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.05.003. Epub 2012 May 14.

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22613180 [ View in PubMed

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Abstract

Neuron specific enolase (ENO2, gamma-enolase) is a biomarker used to help identify neuroendocrine differentiation in tumors. This laboratory has shown that ENO2 might be a biomarker for exposure to cadmium and arsenite. In this study these observations are extended to the urothelial cell, where environmental exposures are strongly linked to urothelial cancer. The UROtsa urothelial cell line and its Cd(2)(+)- and As(3)(+)-transformed counterparts were used as the model. Acute exposure of the UROtsa cells to both As(3)(+)- and Cd(2)(+)-caused significant increases in ENO2 expression. Treatment with the histone deacetlyase inhibitor was also shown to significantly increase the expression of ENO2 mRNA. The expression of ENO2 was significantly elevated in the Cd(2)(+)- and As(3)(+)-transformed UROtsa cells and tumor transplants. In contrast, ENO1, was unaffected by exposure to As(3)(+) or Cd(2)(+). Immunofluorescence showed ENO2 associated with both the nucleus and cytoplasm and cytoplasmic ENO2 co-localized with ENO1. The findings extend the evidence suggesting a link between As(3)(+) and Cd(2)(+) exposure and neuroendocrine differentiation in tumors. The results suggest that ENO2 might be a biomarker of human exposure to Cd(2)(+) and As(3)(+) that operates through histone modification.