Prediction of in vivo drug-drug interactions between tolbutamide and various sulfonamides in humans based on in vitro experiments.
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Komatsu K, Ito K, Nakajima Y, Kanamitsu Si, Imaoka S, Funae Y, Green CE, Tyson CA, Shimada N, Sugiyama Y
Prediction of in vivo drug-drug interactions between tolbutamide and various sulfonamides in humans based on in vitro experiments.
Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Apr;28(4):475-81.
- PubMed ID
- 10725317 [ View in PubMed]
- Abstract
Drug-drug interactions between tolbutamide and sulfonamides have extensively been reported. We attempted to predict the in vivo interaction between tolbutamide and sulfonamides from the in vitro metabolic inhibition studies. The inhibition constant (K(i)) was derived from the inhibitory effects of eight sulfonamides (sulfaphenazole, sulfadiazine, sulfamethizole, sulfisoxazole, sulfamethoxazole, sulfapyridine, sulfadimethoxine, and sulfamonomethoxine) on tolbutamide metabolism. We found that the inhibitory effect of sulfaphenazole was greatest among the eight sulfonamides examined. Furthermore, the contribution of each P450 enzyme to tolbutamide metabolism was investigated by using recombinant P450 enzymes. Although cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8, 2C9, and 2C19 metabolized tolbutamide, the main enzyme involved was CYP2C9. The K(i) values of several sulfonamides were comparable between human liver microsomes and recombinant CYP2C9. The maximum unbound plasma concentration of sulfonamides in the portal vein was calculated from literature data on the pharmacokinetics of sulfonamides. Using the K(i) values obtained from in vitro inhibition studies, the degree of increase in tolbutamide area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) was predicted. About 4.8- and 1.6-fold increases in tolbutamide AUC were predicted by coadministration of sulfaphenazole and sulfamethizole, respectively, which agreed well with the reported increases in humans. Furthermore, the increase in tolbutamide AUC by coadministration of sulfadiazine, sulfisoxazole, and sulfamethizole was predicted to be 1.5- to 2. 6-fold, although the corresponding in vivo effects have not been reported. It is concluded that some of these sulfonamides have to be carefully coadministered with CYP2C9 substrates such as tolbutamide although coadministration of sulfaphenazole needs the greatest care.
DrugBank Data that Cites this Article
- Drug Enzymes
Drug Enzyme Kind Organism Pharmacological Action Actions Acetyl sulfisoxazole Cytochrome P450 2C9 Protein Humans UnknownInhibitorDetails Sulfadiazine Cytochrome P450 2C9 Protein Humans UnknownInhibitorDetails Sulfadimethoxine Cytochrome P450 2C9 Protein Humans UnknownInhibitorDetails Sulfamethizole Cytochrome P450 2C9 Protein Humans UnknownInhibitorDetails Sulfapyridine Cytochrome P450 2C9 Protein Humans UnknownInhibitorDetails Sulfisoxazole Cytochrome P450 2C9 Protein Humans UnknownInhibitorDetails Tolbutamide Cytochrome P450 2C19 Protein Humans UnknownSubstrateDetails Tolbutamide Cytochrome P450 2C8 Protein Humans UnknownSubstrateInhibitorDetails