Translocator protein

Details

Name
Translocator protein
Kind
protein
Synonyms
  • BZRP
  • MBR
  • Mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor
  • PBR
  • Peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor
  • PKBS
Gene Name
TSPO
UniProtKB Entry
P30536Swiss-Prot
Organism
Humans
NCBI Taxonomy ID
9606
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0037065|Translocator protein
MAPPWVPAMGFTLAPSLGCFVGSRFVHGEGLRWYAGLQKPSWHPPHWVLGPVWGTLYSAM
GYGSYLVWKELGGFTEKAVVPLGLYTGQLALNWAWPPIFFGARQMGWALVDLLLVSGAAA
ATTVAWYQVSPLAARLLYPYLAWLAFTTTLNYCVWRDNHGWRGGRRLPE
Number of residues
169
Molecular Weight
18827.81
Theoretical pI
9.33
GO Classification
Functions
androgen binding / benzodiazepine receptor activity / cholesterol binding
Processes
adrenal gland development / behavioral response to pain / cellular hypotonic response / cellular response to lipopolysaccharide / cellular response to zinc ion / chloride transport / contact inhibition / glial cell migration / heme biosynthetic process / negative regulation of glial cell proliferation / negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process / negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production / peripheral nervous system axon regeneration / positive regulation of apoptotic process / positive regulation of calcium ion transport / positive regulation of glial cell proliferation / positive regulation of mitochondrial depolarization / positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process / protein targeting to mitochondrion / regulation of cholesterol transport / regulation of steroid biosynthetic process / response to manganese ion / response to progesterone / response to testosterone / response to vitamin B1 / steroid metabolic process
Components
extracellular exosome / intracellular membrane-bounded organelle / mitochondrial outer membrane / mitochondrion
General Function
Can bind protoporphyrin IX and may play a role in the transport of porphyrins and heme (By similarity). Promotes the transport of cholesterol across mitochondrial membranes and may play a role in lipid metabolism (PubMed:24814875), but its precise physiological role is controversial. It is apparently not required for steroid hormone biosynthesis. Was initially identified as peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor; can also bind isoquinoline carboxamides (PubMed:1847678)
Specific Function
androgen binding
Pfam Domain Function
Signal Regions
Not Available
Transmembrane Regions
6-26 47-67 80-100 106-126 135-155
Cellular Location
Mitochondrion membrane
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0016193|Translocator protein (TSPO)
ATGGCCCCGCCCTGGGTGCCCGCCATGGGCTTCACGCTGGCGCCCAGCCTGGGGTGCTTC
GTGGGCTCCCGCTTTGTCCACGGCGAGGGTCTCCGCTGGTACGCCGGCCTGCAGAAGCCC
TCGTGGCACCCGCCCCACTGGGTGCTGGGCCCTGTCTGGGGCACGCTCTACTCAGCCATG
GGGTACGGCTCCTACCTGGTCTGGAAAGAGCTGGGAGGCTTCACAGAGAAGGCTGTGGTT
CCCCTGGGCCTCTACACTGGGCAGCTGGCCCTGAACTGGGCATGGCCCCCCATCTTCTTT
GGTGCCCGACAAATGGGCTGGGCCTTGGTGGATCTCCTGCTGGTCAGTGGGGCGGCGGCA
GCCACTACCGTGGCCTGGTACCAGGTGAGCCCGCTGGCCGCCCGCCTGCTCTACCCCTAC
CTGGCCTGGCTGGCCTTCACGACCACACTCAACTACTGCGTATGGCGGGACAACCATGGC
TGGCGTGGGGGACGGCGGCTGCCAGAGTGA
Chromosome Location
22
Locus
22q13.2
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDP30536
UniProtKB Entry NameTSPO_HUMAN
GenBank Protein ID306883
GenBank Gene IDM36035
GeneCard IDTSPO
GenAtlas IDTSPO
HGNC IDHGNC:1158
KEGG IDhsa:706
IUPHAR/Guide To Pharmacology ID2879
NCBI Gene ID706
General References
  1. Riond J, Mattei MG, Kaghad M, Dumont X, Guillemot JC, Le Fur G, Caput D, Ferrara P: Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of a human peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor. Eur J Biochem. 1991 Jan 30;195(2):305-11. [Article]
  2. Yakovlev AG, Ruffo M, Jurka J, Krueger KE: Comparison of repetitive elements in the third intron of human and rodent mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor-encoding genes. Gene. 1995 Apr 3;155(2):201-5. [Article]
  3. Costa B, Salvetti A, Rossi L, Spinetti F, Lena A, Chelli B, Rechichi M, Da Pozzo E, Gremigni V, Martini C: Peripheral benzodiazepine receptor: characterization in human T-lymphoma Jurkat cells. Mol Pharmacol. 2006 Jan;69(1):37-44. Epub 2005 Sep 27. [Article]
  4. Collins JE, Wright CL, Edwards CA, Davis MP, Grinham JA, Cole CG, Goward ME, Aguado B, Mallya M, Mokrab Y, Huckle EJ, Beare DM, Dunham I: A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome. Genome Biol. 2004;5(10):R84. Epub 2004 Sep 30. [Article]
  5. Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, Chissoe S, Hunt AR, Collins JE, Bruskiewich R, Beare DM, Clamp M, Smink LJ, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Babbage A, Bagguley C, Bailey J, Barlow K, Bates KN, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bridgeman AM, Buck D, Burgess J, Burrill WD, O'Brien KP, et al.: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22. Nature. 1999 Dec 2;402(6761):489-95. [Article]
  6. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [Article]
  7. Galiegue S, Jbilo O, Combes T, Bribes E, Carayon P, Le Fur G, Casellas P: Cloning and characterization of PRAX-1. A new protein that specifically interacts with the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jan 29;274(5):2938-52. [Article]
  8. Papadopoulos V, Baraldi M, Guilarte TR, Knudsen TB, Lacapere JJ, Lindemann P, Norenberg MD, Nutt D, Weizman A, Zhang MR, Gavish M: Translocator protein (18kDa): new nomenclature for the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor based on its structure and molecular function. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2006 Aug;27(8):402-9. Epub 2006 Jul 5. [Article]
  9. Tan JM, Chow VT: Cellular expression, localization and interactions of the product of the human MOST-1 gene associated with breast and prostate cancers. Int J Oncol. 2007 Jan;30(1):81-9. [Article]
  10. Batarseh A, Papadopoulos V: Regulation of translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) expression in health and disease states. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010 Oct 7;327(1-2):1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.06.013. Epub 2010 Jun 30. [Article]
  11. Burkard TR, Planyavsky M, Kaupe I, Breitwieser FP, Burckstummer T, Bennett KL, Superti-Furga G, Colinge J: Initial characterization of the human central proteome. BMC Syst Biol. 2011 Jan 26;5:17. doi: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17. [Article]
  12. Taylor JM, Allen AM, Graham A: Targeting mitochondrial 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) regulates macrophage cholesterol efflux and lipid phenotype. Clin Sci (Lond). 2014 Nov;127(10):603-13. doi: 10.1042/CS20140047. [Article]
  13. Vaca Jacome AS, Rabilloud T, Schaeffer-Reiss C, Rompais M, Ayoub D, Lane L, Bairoch A, Van Dorsselaer A, Carapito C: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome. Proteomics. 2015 Jul;15(14):2519-24. doi: 10.1002/pmic.201400617. Epub 2015 Jun 8. [Article]
  14. Kurumaji A, Nomoto H, Yoshikawa T, Okubo Y, Toru M: An association study between two missense variations of the benzodiazepine receptor (peripheral) gene and schizophrenia in a Japanese sample. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2000;107(4):491-500. [Article]
  15. Kurumaji A, Nomoto H, Yamada K, Yoshikawa T, Toru M: No association of two missense variations of the benzodiazepine receptor (peripheral) gene and mood disorders in a Japanese sample. Am J Med Genet. 2001 Mar 8;105(2):172-5. [Article]
  16. Costa B, Pini S, Gabelloni P, Da Pozzo E, Abelli M, Lari L, Preve M, Lucacchini A, Cassano GB, Martini C: The spontaneous Ala147Thr amino acid substitution within the translocator protein influences pregnenolone production in lymphomonocytes of healthy individuals. Endocrinology. 2009 Dec;150(12):5438-45. doi: 10.1210/en.2009-0752. Epub 2009 Oct 21. [Article]

Associated Data

Drug Relations
DrugDrug groupPharmacological action?TypeActionsDetails
Chlormezanoneapproved, investigational, withdrawnyestargetagonistDetails
ZopicloneapprovedunknowntargetagonistDetails
1,2-Benzodiazepineapproved, investigationalyestargetagonistDetails
EmapunilinvestigationalyestargetagonistDetails
S-8510investigationalyestargetagonistDetails
DextofisopaminvestigationalyestargetagonistDetails
ONO-2952investigationalyestargetantagonistDetails
DiazepinomicininvestigationalyestargetmodulatorDetails
Alprazolamapproved, illicit, investigationalyestargetagonistDetails
OxazepamapprovedyestargetagonistDetails
Estazolamapproved, illicityestargetagonistDetails
Flunitrazepamapproved, illicityestargetagonistDetails
Clotiazepamapproved, illicityestargetagonistDetails
Eszopicloneapproved, investigationalyestargetagonistDetails
Fludiazepamexperimental, illicityestargetagonistDetails
CinolazepamexperimentalyestargetbinderDetails
AdinazolamexperimentalyestargetagonistDetails
Diazepamapproved, illicit, investigational, vet_approvedyestargetagonistDetails
FlumazenilapprovedyestargetantagonistDetails
Quazepamapproved, illicityestargetmodulatorDetails
Temazepamapproved, investigationalyestargetmodulatorDetails
Chlordiazepoxideapproved, illicit, investigationalyestargetmodulatorDetails
Flurazepamapproved, illicit, investigationalyestargetmodulatorDetails
LorazepamapprovedyestargetmodulatorDetails
Prazepamapproved, illicityestargetmodulatorDetails
Clorazepic acidapproved, illicityestargetmodulatorDetails
Triazolamapproved, investigationalyestargetmodulatorDetails
Midazolamapproved, illicityestargetmodulatorDetails
Halazepamapproved, illicit, withdrawnyestargetmodulatorDetails