C-X-C motif chemokine 10

Details

Name
C-X-C motif chemokine 10
Kind
protein
Synonyms
  • 10 kDa interferon gamma-induced protein
  • Gamma-IP10
  • INP10
  • IP-10
  • SCYB10
  • Small-inducible cytokine B10
Gene Name
CXCL10
UniProtKB Entry
P02778Swiss-Prot
Organism
Humans
NCBI Taxonomy ID
9606
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0016256|C-X-C motif chemokine 10
MNQTAILICCLIFLTLSGIQGVPLSRTVRCTCISISNQPVNPRSLEKLEIIPASQFCPRV
EIIATMKKKGEKRCLNPESKAIKNLLKAVSKERSKRSP
Number of residues
98
Molecular Weight
10880.915
Theoretical pI
10.62
GO Classification
Functions
chemoattractant activity / CXCR chemokine receptor binding / signaling receptor binding
Processes
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide / antiviral innate immune response / cellular response to interleukin-17 / cellular response to virus / G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / neutrophil chemotaxis / positive regulation of cell population proliferation / positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II / regulation of apoptotic process / regulation of cell population proliferation
General Function
Pro-inflammatory cytokine that is involved in a wide variety of processes such as chemotaxis, differentiation, and activation of peripheral immune cells, regulation of cell growth, apoptosis and modulation of angiostatic effects (PubMed:11157474, PubMed:22652417, PubMed:7540647). Plays thereby an important role during viral infections by stimulating the activation and migration of immune cells to the infected sites (By similarity). Mechanistically, binding of CXCL10 to the CXCR3 receptor activates G protein-mediated signaling and results in downstream activation of phospholipase C-dependent pathway, an increase in intracellular calcium production and actin reorganization (PubMed:12750173, PubMed:19151743). In turn, recruitment of activated Th1 lymphocytes occurs at sites of inflammation (PubMed:12663757, PubMed:12750173). Activation of the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis also plays an important role in neurons in response to brain injury for activating microglia, the resident macrophage population of the central nervous system, and directing them to the lesion site. This recruitment is an essential element for neuronal reorganization (By similarity)
Specific Function
cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulator activity
Pfam Domain Function
Signal Regions
1-21
Transmembrane Regions
Not Available
Cellular Location
Secreted
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0016257|C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10)
ATGAATCAAACTGCCATTCTGATTTGCTGCCTTATCTTTCTGACTCTAAGTGGCATTCAA
GGAGTACCTCTCTCTAGAACTGTACGCTGTACCTGCATCAGCATTAGTAATCAACCTGTT
AATCCAAGGTCTTTAGAAAAACTTGAAATTATTCCTGCAAGCCAATTTTGTCCACGTGTT
GAGATCATTGCTACAATGAAAAAGAAGGGTGAGAAGAGATGTCTGAATCCAGAATCGAAG
GCCATCAAGAATTTACTGAAAGCAGTTAGCAAGGAAAGGTCTAAAAGATCTCCTTAA
Chromosome Location
4
Locus
4q21.1
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDP02778
UniProtKB Entry NameCXL10_HUMAN
GenBank Protein ID33918
GenBank Gene IDX02530
GeneCard IDCXCL10
GenAtlas IDCXCL10
HGNC IDHGNC:10637
PDB ID(s)1LV9, 1O7Y, 1O7Z, 1O80, 8K2X
KEGG IDhsa:3627
NCBI Gene ID3627
General References
  1. Luster AD, Unkeless JC, Ravetch JV: Gamma-interferon transcriptionally regulates an early-response gene containing homology to platelet proteins. Nature. 1985 Jun 20-26;315(6021):672-6. [Article]
  2. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [Article]
  3. Proost P, De Wolf-Peeters C, Conings R, Opdenakker G, Billiau A, Van Damme J: Identification of a novel granulocyte chemotactic protein (GCP-2) from human tumor cells. In vitro and in vivo comparison with natural forms of GRO, IP-10, and IL-8. J Immunol. 1993 Feb 1;150(3):1000-10. [Article]
  4. Tensen CP, Flier J, Van Der Raaij-Helmer EM, Sampat-Sardjoepersad S, Van Der Schors RC, Leurs R, Scheper RJ, Boorsma DM, Willemze R: Human IP-9: A keratinocyte-derived high affinity CXC-chemokine ligand for the IP-10/Mig receptor (CXCR3). J Invest Dermatol. 1999 May;112(5):716-22. [Article]
  5. Hensbergen PJ, van der Raaij-Helmer EM, Dijkman R, van der Schors RC, Werner-Felmayer G, Boorsma DM, Scheper RJ, Willemze R, Tensen CP: Processing of natural and recombinant CXCR3-targeting chemokines and implications for biological activity. Eur J Biochem. 2001 Sep;268(18):4992-9. [Article]
  6. Loos T, Mortier A, Gouwy M, Ronsse I, Put W, Lenaerts JP, Van Damme J, Proost P: Citrullination of CXCL10 and CXCL11 by peptidylarginine deiminase: a naturally occurring posttranslational modification of chemokines and new dimension of immunoregulation. Blood. 2008 Oct 1;112(7):2648-56. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-04-149039. Epub 2008 Jul 21. [Article]
  7. Booth V, Keizer DW, Kamphuis MB, Clark-Lewis I, Sykes BD: The CXCR3 binding chemokine IP-10/CXCL10: structure and receptor interactions. Biochemistry. 2002 Aug 20;41(33):10418-25. [Article]

Associated Data

Drug Relations
DrugDrug groupPharmacological action?TypeActionsDetails
N-MethylleucineexperimentalyestargetinhibitorDetails
EldelumabinvestigationalunknowntargetDetails
Clove oilapproved, nutraceuticalunknowntargetDetails