Propylene glycol

Identification

Brand Names

Leader Lubricant Eye Drops, QC ultra lubricant eye, Systane, Systane Balance

Generic Name

Propylene glycol

DrugBank Accession Number

DB01839

Background

A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.

Type

Small Molecule

Groups

Approved, Investigational

Structure

3D

Download

MOLSDF3D-SDFPDBSMILESInChI

Similar Structures

Structure for Propylene glycol (DB01839)

×

Close

Weight

Average: 76.0944
Monoisotopic: 76.0524295

Chemical Formula

C₃H₈O₂

Synonyms

• 1,2-dihydroxypropane
• 1,2-Propanediol
• 1,2-Propylenglykol
• 2-hydroxypropanol
• isopropylene glycol
• methyl glycol
• methylethyl glycol
• methylethylene glycol
• monopropylene glycol
• Propane-1,2-diol
• Propylene glycol
• α-propyleneglycol

External IDs

• E-1520
• INS NO.1520
• INS-1520
• NSC-69860

Pharmacology

Indication

Not Available

Reduce drug development failure rates

Build, train, & validate machine-learning models
with evidence-based and structured datasets.

See how

Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.

See how

Associated Conditions

• Dry Eyes
• Ocular Irritation

Associated Therapies

• Eye lubrication
• Scalp Health

Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings

Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events

Improve clinical decision support with information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.

Learn more

Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events & improve clinical decision support.

Learn more

Pharmacodynamics

Not Available

Mechanism of action

Target	Actions	Organism
UB12-independent glycerol dehydratase	Not Available	Clostridium butyricum

Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

Not Available

Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects

Improve decision support & research outcomes

With structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates.

Learn more

Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.

Learn more

Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways

Pathway	Category
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency	Disease
Pyruvate Metabolism	Metabolic
Leigh Syndrome	Disease
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency	Disease
Pyruvate Decarboxylase E1 Component Deficiency (PDHE1 Deficiency)	Disease
Primary Hyperoxaluria II, PH2	Disease

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.

• Approved
• Vet approved
• Nutraceutical
• Illicit
• Withdrawn
• Investigational
• Experimental
• All Drugs

Drug	Interaction
Integrate drug-drug interactions in your software
Antihemophilic factor (recombinant), PEGylated	The therapeutic efficacy of Antihemophilic factor (recombinant), PEGylated can be decreased when used in combination with Propylene glycol.
Certolizumab pegol	The therapeutic efficacy of Certolizumab pegol can be decreased when used in combination with Propylene glycol.
Damoctocog alfa pegol	The therapeutic efficacy of Damoctocog alfa pegol can be decreased when used in combination with Propylene glycol.
Elapegademase	The therapeutic efficacy of Elapegademase can be decreased when used in combination with Propylene glycol.
Lipegfilgrastim	The therapeutic efficacy of Lipegfilgrastim can be decreased when used in combination with Propylene glycol.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta	The therapeutic efficacy of Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta can be decreased when used in combination with Propylene glycol.
Nonacog beta pegol	The therapeutic efficacy of Nonacog beta pegol can be decreased when used in combination with Propylene glycol.
Pegademase	The therapeutic efficacy of Propylene glycol can be decreased when used in combination with Pegademase.
Pegaptanib	The therapeutic efficacy of Pegaptanib can be decreased when used in combination with Propylene glycol.
Pegaspargase	The therapeutic efficacy of Propylene glycol can be decreased when used in combination with Pegaspargase.

Identify potential medication risks

Easily compare up to 40 drugs with our drug interaction checker.

Get severity rating, description, and management advice.

Learn more

Food Interactions

No interactions found.

Products

Drug product information from 10+ global regions

Our datasets provide approved product information including:
dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.

Access now

Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.

Access now

Over the Counter Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Advanced Eye Relief/ Dry Eye/ Rejuvenation Lubricant	Solution / drops	9.5 mg/1mL	Ophthalmic	Bauch & Lomb Incorporated	2010-01-01	2010-01-31
Artificial Tears	Solution / drops	9.5 mg/1mL	Ophthalmic	Rite Aid	2010-09-01	2015-08-31
Baby Wipes	Cloth	1 g/1	Topical	Shandong Yayun Sanitary Products Co., Ltd.	2020-03-30	Not applicable
CVS Health Lubricant Drops	Solution / drops	0.06 mg/1mL	Ophthalmic	Velocity Pharma	2021-11-11	Not applicable
CVS Lubricant Eye Drops 15mL	Liquid	0.6 g/100mL	Ophthalmic	CVS Pharmacy, Inc.	2019-09-20	Not applicable
Derofen Miel	Syrup	11.8 g/1U	Oral	Grimann, S.A. de C.V.	2021-05-05	Not applicable
Equate Lubricant Eye Drops Restorative Performance	Liquid	0.6 g/100mL	Ophthalmic	Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.	2019-11-01	Not applicable
Equate Support Moisture Lubricant Eye	Solution / drops	6 mg/1mL	Ophthalmic	Walmart Stores	2015-02-04	Not applicable
Eyelash and Eyebrow Lengthener	Cream	0.1 g/1g	Topical	TERRAMAR BRANDS S de RL de CV	2022-05-26	Not applicable
HEB Lubricant Eye Drops Dry Eye Therapy	Solution / drops	0.6 g/100mL	Ophthalmic	HEB	2020-09-12	Not applicable

Mixture Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
(badiful) Antibacterial Wipes	Propylene glycol (2 mg/100mL) + Benzalkonium chloride (13 mg/100mL) + Cetylpyridinium chloride (5 mg/100mL) + Chlorphenesin (2 mg/100mL)	Swab	Topical	ZHANGZHOU KANGBEI HYGIENIC PRODUCTS CO., LTD.	2020-05-31	Not applicable
Advanced Eye Relief Dry Eye Rejuvenation	Propylene glycol (10 mg/1mL) + Glycerin (3 mg/1mL)	Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	Bausch & Lomb Incorporated	2010-09-01	Not applicable
Alcohol disinfectant wipes	Propylene glycol (0.5 g/801) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.5 g/801) + Ethanol (230 mL/801) + Methylisothiazolinone (0.5 g/801) + Phenoxyethanol (0.5 g/801)	Cloth	Topical	Zhejiang Huanghua Biological Technology Co., Ltd	2020-11-26	Not applicable
Alcohol disinfectant wipes	Propylene glycol (7.4 g/801) + Benzalkonium chloride (7.4 g/801) + Ethanol (315 mL/801) + Methylisothiazolinone (7.4 g/801) + Phenoxyethanol (7.4 g/801)	Cloth	Extracorporeal	Zhejiang Huanghua Biological Technology Co., Ltd	2020-08-12	Not applicable
Alcohol disinfectant wipes	Propylene glycol (7.4 g/801) + Benzalkonium chloride (7.4 g/801) + Ethanol (315 mL/801) + Methylisothiazolinone (7.4 g/801) + Phenoxyethanol (7.4 g/801)	Cloth	Topical	Zhejiang Huanghua Biological Technology Co., Ltd	2020-11-25	Not applicable
Alcohol disinfectant wipes	Propylene glycol (0.5 g/501) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.5 g/501) + Ethanol (160 mL/501) + Methylisothiazolinone (0.5 g/501) + Phenoxyethanol (0.5 g/501)	Cloth	Topical	Zhejiang Huanghua Biological Technology Co., Ltd	2020-11-26	Not applicable
Alcohol disinfectant wipes	Propylene glycol (0.5 g/801) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.5 g/801) + Ethanol (230 mL/801) + Methylisothiazolinone (0.5 g/801) + Phenoxyethanol (0.5 g/801)	Cloth	Extracorporeal	Zhejiang Huanghua Biological Technology Co., Ltd	2020-08-10	Not applicable
Alcohol disinfectant wipes	Propylene glycol (0.2475 g/101) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.309375 g/101) + Ethanol (25.3125 mL/101) + Methylisothiazolinone (0.73125 mg/101) + Phenoxyethanol (0.05561375 g/101)	Cloth	Extracorporeal	Zhejiang Huanghua Biological Technology Co., Ltd	2020-11-26	Not applicable
Alcohol disinfectant wipes	Propylene glycol (1.98 g/101) + Benzalkonium chloride (2.475 g/101) + Ethanol (202.5 mL/101) + Methylisothiazolinone (5.85 mg/101) + Phenoxyethanol (0.44491 g/101)	Cloth	Extracorporeal	Zhejiang Huanghua Biological Technology Co., Ltd	2020-05-21	2020-05-21
Alcohol disinfectant wipes	Propylene glycol (0.5 g/501) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.5 g/501) + Ethanol (160 mL/501) + Methylisothiazolinone (0.5 g/501) + Phenoxyethanol (0.5 g/501)	Cloth	Extracorporeal	Zhejiang Huanghua Biological Technology Co., Ltd	2020-08-10	Not applicable

Unapproved/Other Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
(badiful) Antibacterial Wipes	Propylene glycol (2 mg/100mL) + Benzalkonium chloride (13 mg/100mL) + Cetylpyridinium chloride (5 mg/100mL) + Chlorphenesin (2 mg/100mL)	Swab	Topical	ZHANGZHOU KANGBEI HYGIENIC PRODUCTS CO., LTD.	2020-05-31	Not applicable
Disinfectant Cleaning Wipes	Propylene glycol (0.12 g/1601) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.12 g/1601) + Ethylhexylglycerin (0.12 g/1601) + Glycerin (0.12 g/1601) + Phenoxyethanol (0.6 g/1601)	Cloth	Extracorporeal	Reynard (Ningbo) Biotechnology Co., Ltd.	2020-04-17	2020-05-29
Disinfectant Cleaning Wipes	Propylene glycol (0.12 g/1601) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.12 g/1601) + Ethylhexylglycerin (0.12 g/1601) + Glycerin (0.12 g/1601) + Phenoxyethanol (0.6 g/1601)	Cloth	Extracorporeal	Reynard (Ningbo) Biotechnology Co., Ltd.	2020-04-17	2020-05-29
Disinfectant Cleaning Wipes	Propylene glycol (0.12 g/1601) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.12 g/1601) + Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (0.24 g/1601) + Ethylhexylglycerin (0.12 g/1601) + Glycerin (0.12 g/1601) + Phenoxyethanol (0.6 g/1601)	Cloth	Extracorporeal	Reynard (Ningbo) Biotechnology Co., Ltd.	2020-06-12	Not applicable
Disinfecting Wipes	Propylene glycol (0.12 g/1601) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.12 g/1601) + Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (0.24 g/1601) + Ethylhexylglycerin (0.12 g/1601) + Glycerin (0.12 g/1601) + Phenoxyethanol (0.6 g/1601)	Cloth	Extracorporeal	Reynard (Ningbo) Biotechnology Co., Ltd.	2020-04-17	Not applicable
MSM (MoSaengMo)	Propylene glycol (23.85 mL/150mL)	Liquid	Topical	Handock Cosmetics Inc	2011-11-11	Not applicable
MSM (MoSaengMo)	Propylene glycol (23.85 mL/150mL)	Liquid	Topical	Handock Cosmetics Inc	2011-11-11	Not applicable
MSM (MoSaengMo)	Propylene glycol (23.85 mL/150mL)	Liquid	Topical	Handock Cosmetics Inc	2011-08-30	Not applicable
Niguo Disinfectant wipes-80 Sheets	Propylene glycol (2.8352 g/801) + Cetylpyridinium chloride (0.15505 g/801)	Cloth	Extracorporeal	Hebei Sileda Sanitary Products Co., Ltd.	2020-06-28	Not applicable
Secret Key Tattoo Cover Cushion Spf50 Plus (21 Light Beige)	Propylene glycol (5 g/100g) + Cyclomethicone 5 (8 g/100g) + Octinoxate (7 g/100g) + Phenyl trimethicone (3.5 g/100g) + Titanium dioxide (12 g/100g)	Liquid	Topical	Zenpia	2016-09-27	2018-12-19

Categories

Drug Categories

• Alcohols
• Compounds used in a research, industrial, or household setting
• Drug Delivery Systems
• Glycols
• Pegylated agents
• Pharmaceutic Aids
• Pharmaceutical Preparations
• Pharmaceutical Vehicles
• Propylene Glycols
• Solvents

Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire

Description

This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1,2-diols. These are polyols containing an alcohol group at two adjacent positions.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic oxygen compounds

Class

Organooxygen compounds

Sub Class

Alcohols and polyols

Direct Parent

1,2-diols

Alternative Parents

Secondary alcohols / Primary alcohols / Hydrocarbon derivatives

Substituents

1,2-diol / Aliphatic acyclic compound / Hydrocarbon derivative / Primary alcohol / Secondary alcohol

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

propane-1,2-diols, glycol (CHEBI:16997) / DL-12-Propanediol (PROPANE-1-2-DIOL)

Affected organisms

Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII

6DC9Q167V3

CAS number

57-55-6

InChI Key

DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI

InChI=1S/C3H8O2/c1-3(5)2-4/h3-5H,2H2,1H3

IUPAC Name

propane-1,2-diol

SMILES

CC(O)CO

References

Synthesis Reference

Rudolf Huettinger, Ulrich Holtschmidt, "Polyoxyalkylene ethers of glycerin or 1,2-propanediol, esterified with fatty acid and/or isostearic acid, their synthesis and use as thickening or solubilizing agents." U.S. Patent US4614622, issued June, 1968.

US4614622

General References

Not Available

External Links

Human Metabolome Database

HMDB0001881

KEGG Drug

D00078

KEGG Compound

C00583

PubChem Compound

1030

PubChem Substance

46505685

ChemSpider

13835224

RxNav

34693

ChEBI

16997

ChEMBL

CHEMBL286398

Wikipedia

Propylene_glycol

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
4	Completed	Not Available	Corneal Staining	1
4	Completed	Not Available	Dry Eyes	2
4	Completed	Not Available	Lens Cleanliness / Patient Comfort	1
4	Completed	Not Available	Myopia (Disorder)	1
4	Completed	Basic Science	Dry Eyes	1
4	Completed	Diagnostic	Evaporative Dry Eye	1
4	Completed	Supportive Care	Myopia (Disorder) / Refractive Errors	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Allergic Conjunctivitis (AC)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Contact Lens Complication / Dry Eyes	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Contact Lens Discomfort (CLD) / Dry Eyes	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

Not Available

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Swab	Topical
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	9.5 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical
Liquid	Topical
Cloth	Topical	1 g/1
Syrup	Oral	11.8 g/1U
Cloth	Extracorporeal
Lotion	Topical
Solution, gel forming / drops	Ophthalmic
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	6 mg/1mL
Liquid	Ophthalmic
Cream	Topical	0.1 g/1g
Solution	Ophthalmic
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	0.6 g/100mL
Aerosol, spray	Nasal
Solution	Conjunctival; Ophthalmic
Liquid	Ophthalmic	0.6 g/100mL
Gel	Nasal
Aerosol, metered	Nasal
Liquid	Topical	23.85 mL/150mL
Spray	Topical
Solution	Cutaneous
Cloth	Topical
Gel	Extracorporeal
Spray, metered	Nasal
Liquid	Nasal
Liquid	Extracorporeal
Spray	Nasal
Cream	Topical
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic
Gel	Ophthalmic
Emulsion	Ophthalmic	0.06 mg/1mL
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	.06 mg/1mL
Kit; solution	Ophthalmic
Solution	Ophthalmic; Topical
Solution	Ophthalmic; Topical	4 mg
Emulsion	Ophthalmic	6 mg
Solution	Conjunctival; Ophthalmic	6 mg
Emulsion	Ophthalmic	0.6 g/100mL
Shampoo	Topical	10 g/500mL
Solution	Conjunctival; Topical
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	0.06 mg/1mL
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	0.05 g/100mL
Solution

Prices

Not Available

Patents

Not Available

Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
melting point (°C)	-60 °C	PhysProp
boiling point (°C)	187.6 °C	PhysProp
water solubility	1E+006 mg/L (at 20 °C)	YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)
logP	-0.92	HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
pKa	14.9	SERJEANT,EP & DEMPSEY,B (1979)

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	952.0 mg/mL	ALOGPS
logP	-1.1	ALOGPS
logP	-0.79	Chemaxon
logS	1.1	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	14.47	Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-2.9	Chemaxon
Physiological Charge	0	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	2	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	2	Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area	40.46 Å2	Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count	1	Chemaxon
Refractivity	18.97 m3·mol-1	Chemaxon
Polarizability	8.01 Å3	Chemaxon
Number of Rings	0	Chemaxon
Bioavailability	1	Chemaxon
Rule of Five	Yes	Chemaxon
Ghose Filter	No	Chemaxon
Veber's Rule	No	Chemaxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	Chemaxon

Predicted ADMET Features

Property	Value	Probability
Human Intestinal Absorption	+	0.9832
Blood Brain Barrier	+	0.7184
Caco-2 permeable	-	0.6594
P-glycoprotein substrate	Non-substrate	0.7162
P-glycoprotein inhibitor I	Non-inhibitor	0.9157
P-glycoprotein inhibitor II	Non-inhibitor	0.944
Renal organic cation transporter	Non-inhibitor	0.9401
CYP450 2C9 substrate	Non-substrate	0.832
CYP450 2D6 substrate	Non-substrate	0.8739
CYP450 3A4 substrate	Non-substrate	0.7434
CYP450 1A2 substrate	Non-inhibitor	0.7858
CYP450 2C9 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9388
CYP450 2D6 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9526
CYP450 2C19 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.8969
CYP450 3A4 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9599
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity	Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity	0.958
Ames test	Non AMES toxic	0.9132
Carcinogenicity	Carcinogens	0.5
Biodegradation	Ready biodegradable	0.9505
Rat acute toxicity	0.6112 LD50, mol/kg	Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)	Weak inhibitor	0.9568
hERG inhibition (predictor II)	Non-inhibitor	0.9008

ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)

Not Available

Spectra

Spectrum	Spectrum Type	Splash Key
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies)	GC-MS	splash10-014j-0900000000-d90655d5a614c4ddf998
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS)	GC-MS	splash10-014i-1900000000-ab4a1ff05d1275711170
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS	Not Available
GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B	GC-MS	splash10-0002-9000000000-a18bede40461dace657b
GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B	GC-MS	splash10-0002-9000000000-6d2345a66e2cf8d2d379
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF	GC-MS	splash10-014j-0900000000-d90655d5a614c4ddf998
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS	GC-MS	splash10-014i-1900000000-ab4a1ff05d1275711170
Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	MS	splash10-0002-9000000000-cbc512db1a4c5510015e
MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)	LC-MS/MS	splash10-0a7i-9000000000-6c96c59f8ba2e0e5353e
MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)	LC-MS/MS	splash10-005d-9000000000-ae07e4049d24341335ec
MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)	LC-MS/MS	splash10-00aj-9000000000-f455f8f0f79f9970711a
MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (HITACHI RMU-7M) , Positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-0002-9000000000-c5bf57086deb14e12495
MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (HITACHI M-80B) , Positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-0002-9000000000-6d2345a66e2cf8d2d379
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
1H NMR Spectrum	1D NMR	Not Applicable
1H NMR Spectrum	1D NMR	Not Applicable
13C NMR Spectrum	1D NMR	Not Applicable
1H NMR Spectrum	1D NMR	Not Applicable
13C NMR Spectrum	1D NMR	Not Applicable
[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum	2D NMR	Not Applicable

Targets

Build, predict & validate machine-learning models

Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new
insights and accelerate drug research.

Learn more

Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new insights and accelerate drug research.

Learn more

Details1. B12-independent glycerol dehydratase

Kind

Protein

Organism

Clostridium butyricum

Pharmacological action

Unknown

General Function

Catalytic activity

Specific Function

Not Available

Gene Name

dhaB1

Uniprot ID

Q8GEZ8

Uniprot Name

B12-independent glycerol dehydratase

Molecular Weight

88046.08 Da

×

Identify potential medication risks

Easily compare up to 40 drugs with our drug interaction checker.

Get severity rating, description, and management advice.

Learn more

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at September 28, 2021 21:54