Explore a selection of our essential drug information below, or:
Identification
- Brand Names
- EnBrace HR, EnLyte
- Generic Name
- Cocarboxylase
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB01987
- Background
The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Experimental
- Structure
Structure for Cocarboxylase (DB01987)
- Weight
- Average: 424.306
Monoisotopic: 424.037142664 - Chemical Formula
- C12H18N4O7P2S
- Synonyms
- Cocarboxylase
- Thiamine diphosphate
- Thiamine pyrophosphate
Pharmacology
- Indication
Not Available
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Used in combination to treat Diabetic coma Combination Product in combination with: Pyridoxal phosphate (DB00114), Flavin mononucleotide (DB03247), Nicotinamide (DB02701) •••••••••••• ••••••••• Treatment of Diabetic coma •••••••••••• •••••••••• •••••••• Used in combination to treat Eclampsia Combination Product in combination with: Pyridoxal phosphate (DB00114), Flavin mononucleotide (DB03247), Nicotinamide (DB02701) •••••••••••• ••••••••• Treatment of Hyperemesis gravidarum •••••••••••• •••••••••• •••••••• Used in combination to treat Neuritis Combination Product in combination with: Flavin mononucleotide (DB03247), Pyridoxal phosphate (DB00114), Nicotinamide (DB02701) •••••••••••• ••••••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Not Available
- Mechanism of action
Target Actions Organism ARNA binderHumans UAcetolactate synthase, catabolic cofactorproduct ofKlebsiella pneumoniae UPyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component Not Available Escherichia coli (strain K12) UPyruvate synthase Not Available Desulfovibrio africanus UIndole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase Not Available Enterobacter cloacae UN(2)-(2-carboxyethyl)arginine synthase Not Available Streptomyces clavuligerus UTransketolase 1 Not Available Escherichia coli (strain K12) - Absorption
Not Available
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Not Available
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- Take with or without food. Many different products contain cocarboxylase; refer to the product monograph for more specific instruction. EnBrace HR and EnLyte products should be taken on an empty stomach.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Cocarboxylase chloride XMK8K8EVIU 154-87-0 YXVCLPJQTZXJLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cocarboxylase tetrahydrate 749XRF8JS6 68684-55-9 KLOLNRGPRQYTIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image ADENOPLEX RICHTER Cocarboxylase (38.3 mg) + Cyanocobalamin (0.5 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (300 mg) Powder, for solution Intramuscular Italian Devices Srl 2014-07-08 2024-03-02 Italy 
BIOCHETASI Cocarboxylase (47 mg) + Riboflavin-5'-phosphate sodium salt dihydrate (28 mg) + Potassium citrate (1.06 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (15 mg) + Sodium citrate (56 mg) Injection, solution Intramuscular Alfasigma s.p.a. 2014-07-08 2020-10-13 Italy BIOCHETASI Cocarboxylase (50 mg) + Citric acid (100 mg) + Riboflavin-5'-phosphate sodium salt dihydrate (25 mg) + Potassium citrate (50 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (12.5 mg) + Sodium citrate (425 mg) Granule, effervescent Oral Alfasigma s.p.a. 2019-10-31 Not applicable Italy BIOCHETASI Cocarboxylase (50 mg) + Citric acid (70 mg) + Riboflavin 5'-phosphate sodium anhydrous (25 mg) + Potassium citrate (50 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (12.5 mg) + Sodium citrate (425 mg) Tablet, effervescent Oral Alfasigma s.p.a. 2014-07-08 Not applicable Italy BIOCHETASI Cocarboxylase (150 mg) + Riboflavin-5'-phosphate sodium salt dihydrate (50 mg) + Potassium citrate (10 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (30 mg) + Sodium citrate (250 mg) Suppository Rectal Alfasigma s.p.a. 2014-07-08 Not applicable Italy - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image EnBrace HR Cocarboxylase (25 ug/1) + 1,2-docosahexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine calcium (6.4 mg/1) + 1,2-icosapentoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine calcium (800 ug/1) + Betaine (500 ug/1) + Cobamamide (50 ug/1) + Ferrous cysteine glycinate (13.6 mg/1) + Flavin adenine dinucleotide (25 ug/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Magnesium L-threonate (1 mg/1) + Leucovorin (2.5 mg/1) + Levomefolate magnesium (5.23 mg/1) + Magnesium ascorbate (24 mg/1) + NADH (25 ug/1) + Phosphatidyl serine (12 mg/1) + Pyridoxal phosphate (25 ug/1) + Zinc ascorbate (1 mg/1) Capsule, delayed release pellets Oral Jaymac Pharma 2011-08-12 Not applicable US 
PaxLyte Cocarboxylase (25 ug/1) + 1,2-docosahexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine calcium (6.4 mg/1) + 1,2-icosapentoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine calcium (800 ug/1) + Betaine (500 mg/1) + Citric acid monohydrate (1.83 mg/1) + Cobamamide (50 ug/1) + Ferrous cysteine glycinate (13.6 mg/1) + Flavin adenine dinucleotide (025 ug/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Magnesium L-threonate (1 mg/1) + Leucovorin (2.5 mg/1) + Levomefolate magnesium (7 mg/1) + Magnesium ascorbate (24 mg/1) + NADH (25 ug/1) + Phosphatidyl serine (12 mg/1) + Pyridoxal phosphate (25 ug/1) + Sodium citrate (1.83 mg/1) + Zinc ascorbate (1 mg/1) Capsule Oral JayMac Pharmaceuticals 2024-08-01 Not applicable US
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as thiamine phosphates. These are thiamine derivatives in which the hydroxyl group of the ethanol moiety is substituted by a phosphate group.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organoheterocyclic compounds
- Class
- Diazines
- Sub Class
- Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives
- Direct Parent
- Thiamine phosphates
- Alternative Parents
- Organic pyrophosphates / Monoalkyl phosphates / Aminopyrimidines and derivatives / 4,5-disubstituted thiazoles / Imidolactams / Heteroaromatic compounds / Azacyclic compounds / Primary amines / Organopnictogen compounds / Organooxygen compounds show 3 more
- Substituents
- 4,5-disubstituted 1,3-thiazole / Alkyl phosphate / Amine / Aminopyrimidine / Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound / Azacycle / Azole / Heteroaromatic compound / Hydrocarbon derivative / Imidolactam show 14 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- thiamine phosphate (CHEBI:45931)
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- Q57971654Y
- CAS number
- 136-08-3
- InChI Key
- AYEKOFBPNLCAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C12H18N4O7P2S/c1-8-11(3-4-22-25(20,21)23-24(17,18)19)26-7-16(8)6-10-5-14-9(2)15-12(10)13/h5,7H,3-4,6H2,1-2H3,(H4-,13,14,15,17,18,19,20,21)
- IUPAC Name
- 3-[(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-5-(2-{[(hydrogen phosphonatooxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl]oxy}ethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-ium
- SMILES
- CC1=C(CCO[P@](O)(=O)O[P@](O)([O-])=O)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N
References
- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0062636
- KEGG Compound
- C00068
- PubChem Compound
- 5431
- PubChem Substance
- 46504577
- ChemSpider
- 5238
- 10459
- ChEBI
- 45931
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1236235
- Wikipedia
- Thiamine_pyrophosphate
- PDB Entries
- 1umb / 1umc / 1umd / 3ey9 / 3eya / 5z2r / 5z2u
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count Start Date Why Stopped 100+ additional columns Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample data4 Withdrawn Treatment Menstrual Related Mood Disorder / Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) / Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) / Premenstrual tension with edema 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide 3 Unknown Status Treatment Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Powder, for solution Intramuscular Granule, effervescent Oral Injection, solution Intramuscular Suppository Rectal Tablet, effervescent Oral Injection, powder, for solution Intramuscular; Intravenous Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous Capsule, liquid filled Oral Capsule, delayed release pellets Oral Injection Intramuscular Injection, powder, for solution Intramuscular Capsule Oral Kit Oral - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.372 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -1.2 ALOGPS logP -5.9 Chemaxon logS -3.1 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 1.78 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 6.48 Chemaxon Physiological Charge -1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 8 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 3 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 171.8 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 8 Chemaxon Refractivity 94.02 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 36.75 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 2 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption - 0.9991 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.9185 Caco-2 permeable - 0.5574 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.5425 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.9236 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9453 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.8564 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8308 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8148 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.6365 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.7333 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.7484 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8677 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.7037 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9729 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.8603 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.6085 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.908 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.7694 Rat acute toxicity 2.6182 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.8781 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.5906
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS splash10-002b-8936000000-119f14d7b717fad84f6b MS/MS Spectrum - , negative LC-MS/MS splash10-03di-2590000000-3b56b15f83f1eb31bbd6 Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable - Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 196.1411142 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 173.08577 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 195.7649142 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 175.54982 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 196.0736142 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 182.81786 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
Build, predict & validate machine-learning models
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock newinsights and accelerate drug research.
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Yes
Binder
References
- Furniss S, Grover N: Thermodynamic examination of the pyrophosphate sensor helix in the thiamine pyrophosphate riboswitch. RNA. 2011 Apr;17(4):710-7. doi: 10.1261/rna.2263211. Epub 2011 Mar 2. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- CofactorProduct of
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- acetolactate synthase activity
- Gene Name
- budB
- Uniprot ID
- P27696
- Uniprot Name
- Acetolactate synthase, catabolic
- Molecular Weight
- 60337.52 Da
References
- Wang JG, Lee PK, Dong YH, Pang SS, Duggleby RG, Li ZM, Guddat LW: Crystal structures of two novel sulfonylurea herbicides in complex with Arabidopsis thaliana acetohydroxyacid synthase. FEBS J. 2009 Mar;276(5):1282-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.06863.x. [Article]
- Sommer B, von Moeller H, Haack M, Qoura F, Langner C, Bourenkov G, Garbe D, Loll B, Bruck T: Detailed structure-function correlations of Bacillus subtilis acetolactate synthase. Chembiochem. 2015 Jan 2;16(1):110-8. doi: 10.1002/cbic.201402541. Epub 2014 Nov 13. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex, that catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2).
- Specific Function
- identical protein binding
- Gene Name
- aceE
- Uniprot ID
- P0AFG8
- Uniprot Name
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component
- Molecular Weight
- 99667.78 Da
References
- Ali MS, Shenoy BC, Eswaran D, Andersson LA, Roche TE, Patel MS: Identification of the tryptophan residue in the thiamin pyrophosphate binding site of mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem. 1995 Mar 3;270(9):4570-4. doi: 10.1074/jbc.270.9.4570. [Article]
- Jacobia SJ, Korotchkina LG, Patel MS: Characterization of a missense mutation at histidine-44 in a pyruvate dehydrogenase-deficient patient. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002 Jan 2;1586(1):32-42. doi: 10.1016/s0925-4439(01)00083-7. [Article]
- Patel MS, Korotchkina LG: Regulation of mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by phosphorylation: complexity of multiple phosphorylation sites and kinases. Exp Mol Med. 2001 Dec 31;33(4):191-7. doi: 10.1038/emm.2001.32. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Desulfovibrio africanus
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the ferredoxin-dependent oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate. Required for the transfer of electrons from pyruvate to ferredoxin (PubMed:7612653, PubMed:9294422). Ferredoxin I and ferredoxin II, which are single 4Fe-4S cluster ferredoxins are the most effective electron carriers of POR (PubMed:7612653).
- Specific Function
- 4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding
- Gene Name
- por
- Uniprot ID
- P94692
- Uniprot Name
- Pyruvate synthase
- Molecular Weight
- 133679.405 Da
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Enterobacter cloacae
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- indolepyruvate decarboxylase activity
- Gene Name
- ipdC
- Uniprot ID
- P23234
- Uniprot Name
- Indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase
- Molecular Weight
- 60022.965 Da
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Streptomyces clavuligerus
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Involved in the biosynthesis of the beta-lactamase inhibitor, clavulanic acid. Catalyzes the thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) dependent condensation of D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (D-G3P) with L-arginine to yield the beta-amino acid, N2-(2-carboxyethyl)arginine (CEA) via a beta-elimination resulting in the formation of an enol which undergoes a second elimination to generate the alpha,beta-unsaturated acryloyl-ThDP.
- Specific Function
- acetolactate synthase activity
- Gene Name
- ceaS
- Uniprot ID
- Q9LCV9
- Uniprot Name
- N(2)-(2-carboxyethyl)arginine synthase
- Molecular Weight
- 60906.59 Da
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the transfer of a two-carbon ketol group from a ketose donor to an aldose acceptor, via a covalent intermediate with the cofactor thiamine pyrophosphate. Thus, catalyzes the reversible transfer of a two-carbon ketol group from sedoheptulose-7-phosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, producing xylulose-5-phosphate and ribose-5-phosphate.
- Specific Function
- magnesium ion binding
- Gene Name
- tktA
- Uniprot ID
- P27302
- Uniprot Name
- Transketolase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 72211.14 Da
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Pseudomonas putida
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- acetolactate synthase activity
- Gene Name
- mdlC
- Uniprot ID
- P20906
- Uniprot Name
- Benzoylformate decarboxylase
- Molecular Weight
- 56354.475 Da
References
- Weiss PM, Garcia GA, Kenyon GL, Cleland WW, Cook PF: Kinetics and mechanism of benzoylformate decarboxylase using 13C and solvent deuterium isotope effects on benzoylformate and benzoylformate analogues. Biochemistry. 1988 Mar 22;27(6):2197-205. doi: 10.1021/bi00406a058. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Lactobacillus plantarum (strain ATCC BAA-793 / NCIMB 8826 / WCFS1)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Important for the aerobic growth. Decarboxylates pyruvate in four steps. The energy released is partially stored in acetyl phosphate.
- Specific Function
- magnesium ion binding
- Gene Name
- pox5
- Uniprot ID
- P37063
- Uniprot Name
- Pyruvate oxidase
- Molecular Weight
- 66110.5 Da
References
- Muller YA, Schulz GE: Structure of the thiamine- and flavin-dependent enzyme pyruvate oxidase. Science. 1993 Feb 12;259(5097):965-7. doi: 10.1126/science.8438155. [Article]
- Sedewitz B, Schleifer KH, Gotz F: Purification and biochemical characterization of pyruvate oxidase from Lactobacillus plantarum. J Bacteriol. 1984 Oct;160(1):273-8. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at February 21, 2021 18:51