Identification
- Generic Name
- GMX1777
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB05217
- Background
GMX1777 is a water-soluble prodrug of the cyanoguanidine compound GMX1778 with potential antineoplastic activity. In vivo, apoptosis inducer GMX1777 is rapidly converted into GMX1778 through hydrolytic cleavage of a carbonate ester bond. Although the exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated, GMX1778 appears to antagonize nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) transcription, resulting in the induction of tumor cell apoptosis.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Investigational
- Synonyms
- Not Available
Pharmacology
- Indication
Intended for the treatment of solid tumors and lymphomas.
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GMX1777 exhibits unusually potent anti-tumor activity in preclinical animal models. The novel mechanism of action of GMX1778 supports the clinical use of GMX1777 as an anti-cancer agent. Moreover, the strong dependency of cancer cells on NAD+ to support DNA repair suggests a strong rationale for the use of GMX1777 in combination with DNA damaging agents for future trials.
- Mechanism of action
The cytotoxicity of GMX1777, a prodrug of GMX1778, occurs exclusively through its ability to selectively inhibit nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPRT). Tumor cells have elevated NAMPRT, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). These cells have a high rate of NAD+ turnover due to elevated glycolysis and high ADP-ribosylation activity required for DNA repair, genome stability and telomere maintenance. These latter characteristics make cancer cells more susceptible to NAMPRT inhibition than normal cells. Although the mechanism of action of GMX1778 was initially believed to include NF-κB inhibition, a transcriptional factor that plays a role in cancer cell survival, NF-κB inhibition occurs as a consequence of ATP loss following NAMPRT inhibition and NAD+ decline.
Target Actions Organism UNicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitorHumans - Absorption
Not Available
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
GMX1777 is rapidly converted to GMX1778 in vivo through hydrolytic cleavage of an ester carbonate bond.
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
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Not Available
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- Not Available
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Classification
- Not classified
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- D6V5QYX9MZ
- CAS number
- Not Available
- InChI Key
- Not Available
- InChI
- Not Available
- IUPAC Name
- Not Available
- SMILES
- Not Available
References
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 1 Withdrawn Treatment Solid Tumors and Lymphomas 1 1, 2 Terminated Treatment Metastatic Melanoma 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
- Not Available
- Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Not Available
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Not Available
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Nicotinate-nucleotide diphosphorylase (carboxylating) activity
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the condensation of nicotinamide with 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate to yield nicotinamide mononucleotide, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of NAD. It is the rate limiting component ...
- Gene Name
- NAMPT
- Uniprot ID
- P43490
- Uniprot Name
- Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase
- Molecular Weight
- 55520.8 Da
References
- Olesen UH, Petersen JG, Garten A, Kiess W, Yoshino J, Imai S, Christensen MK, Fristrup P, Thougaard AV, Bjorkling F, Jensen PB, Nielsen SJ, Sehested M: Target enzyme mutations are the molecular basis for resistance towards pharmacological inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase. BMC Cancer. 2010 Dec 12;10:677. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-677. [Article]
Drug created at October 21, 2007 22:24 / Updated at May 04, 2022 15:51