Thallous chloride

Identification

Summary

Thallous chloride is a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical for myocardial perfusion testing and tests of parathyroid function.

Generic Name
Thallous chloride
DrugBank Accession Number
DB09316
Background

Thallous chloride (also known as Thallium(I) chloride) is a colourless solid intermediate in the isolation of thallium from its ores. It is created from the treatment of thallium(I) sulfate with hydrochloric acid. This solid crystallizes in the caesium chloride motif. It is used as a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical. It is used for diagnosis of heart and parathyroid problems. The following are among the possible side effects: Blurred vision, chest pain or discomfort, chills, confusion, cough, difficulty with breathing, difficulty with swallowing, and dizziness.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 239.836
Monoisotopic: 239.943264977
Chemical Formula
ClTl
Synonyms
  • Thallium chloride
  • thallium monochloride
  • Thallium(I) chloride
External IDs
  • NSC-15197

Pharmacology

Indication

For use as a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical. It is indicated to help diagnose heart disease (eg, coronary artery disease, heart attack). It is also used for the diagnosis of parathyroid problems.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Diagnostic agentIschemic heart disease••••••••••••
Diagnostic agentMyocardial infarction••••••••••••
Diagnostic agentMyocardial infarction••••••••••••
Diagnostic agentMyocardial ischemia••••••••••••
Diagnostic agentMyocardial ischemia••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Data not found.

Mechanism of action

Thallous Chloride TI201 without carrier, accumulates in the heart (myocardium) in a similar way to that of potassium. Thallous Chloride Tl 201 images have been found to visualize areas of infarction as “cold” or nonlabeled regions which are confirmed by electrocardiographic and enzyme changes. Regions of transient myocardial ischemia corresponding to areas perfused by coronary arteries with partial stenoses have been visualized when Thallous Chloride Tl 201 was administered in conjunction with an exercise stress test. Anatomic configurations may interfere with visualization of the right coronary artery.

Absorption

After IV administration, thallous chloride clears rapidly from the blood, with maximum concentration in the myocardium after about 10 min. Only 5-8% of injected activity remained in the blood, following 5 minutes of intravenous administration.

Volume of distribution

3–10 L/kg

Protein binding

Data not found.

Metabolism

Data not found

Route of elimination

Thallous Chloride Tl 201 is excreted slowly and to an equal extent in both feces and urine.

Half-life

91% of the blood radioactivity has a t1/2 of 5 min. 9% has t1/2 of 40 hours.

Clearance

Approximately 4-8% of the injected dose was excreted in the urine in the first 24 hours. The whole body disappearance half-time was 9.8 ± 2.5 days. Kidney concentration was found to be about 3 percent of the injected activity and the testicular content was 0.15 percent. Net thyroid activity was determined to be only 0.2 percent of the injected dose, and the activity disappeared in 24 hours. From anterior and posterior whole-body scans, it was determined that about 45 percent of the injected dose was in the large intestines and contiguous structures (liver, kidneys, abdominal musculature).

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

LD50 (mouse): 24 mg/kg. Minimum lethal dose (Human): 8 mg/kg. Thallium inhibits enzymes, but nothing is really known of a biochemical lesion. In fatal cases, there usually is extensive peripheral paralysis and cardiovascular involvement. The immediate cause of death may be peripheral respiratory failure of cardiac arrest.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Not Available
Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

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Active Moieties
NameKindUNIICASInChI Key
Thallous cation Tl-201ionic4877X14G4CNot AvailableZLUSCZLCHQSJRU-OIOBTWANSA-N

Categories

Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as post-transition metal chlorides. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest halogen atom is Chlorine, and the heaviest metal atom is a post-transition metal.
Kingdom
Inorganic compounds
Super Class
Mixed metal/non-metal compounds
Class
Post-transition metal salts
Sub Class
Post-transition metal chlorides
Direct Parent
Post-transition metal chlorides
Alternative Parents
Inorganic chloride salts
Substituents
Inorganic chloride salt / Inorganic salt / Post-transition metal chloride
Molecular Framework
Not Available
External Descriptors
inorganic chloride, thallium molecular entity (CHEBI:37117)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
37CB58V15B
CAS number
7791-12-0
InChI Key
GBECUEIQVRDUKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI
InChI=1S/ClH.Tl/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
IUPAC Name
chlorothallane
SMILES
[Cl-].[Tl+]

References

General References
  1. Monograph [Link]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0013724
KEGG Compound
C15226
PubChem Compound
24642
PubChem Substance
310265201
ChemSpider
23044
ChEBI
37117
ChEMBL
CHEMBL2110567
Wikipedia
Thallium(I)_chloride

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedDiagnosticCoronary Artery Disease (CAD)1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Injection, solutionIntravenous
Injection, solutionIntravenous37 MBq/ml
InjectionIntravenous37 MBq/ml
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility123.0 mg/mLALOGPS
logP-0.55ALOGPS
logP0.53Chemaxon
logS-0.29ALOGPS
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area0 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count0Chemaxon
Refractivity6.14 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability4.35 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings0Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleYesChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-000i-0090000000-9137aecf784ddee36f62
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Not Available

Drug created at November 16, 2015 23:11 / Updated at December 17, 2021 21:22