Cupric oxide

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Identification

Summary

Cupric oxide is an ingredient found in a variety of supplements and vitamins.

Brand Names

Nicomide, Pregvit

Generic Name

Cupric oxide

DrugBank Accession Number

DB11134

Background

Cupric oxide, or copper (II) oxide, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuO. Cupric oxide is used as a precursor in many copper-containing products such as wood preservatives and ceramics. Cupric oxide may be found in over-the-counter vitamin-mineral supplements as a source of Copper. The mean daily dietary intake of copper in adults ranges between 0.9 and 2.2 mg ³. Common routes of cupric oxide exposure include ingestion, dermal exposure and inhalation. Copper(II) oxide nanoparticles (NPCuO) have industrial applications as antimicrobial agents in textiles and paints, and catalysts in organic synthesis ¹. They may also be produced from electronic wastes. Cupric oxide poses potential health and environmental concern due to toxic and mutagenic particles generating reactive oxygen species ¹.

Type

Small Molecule

Groups

Approved

Structure

Similar Structures

Weight: Average: 79.545
Monoisotopic: 78.924513
Chemical Formula: CuO

Synonyms

Cuprous Oxide
Cuprum oxydatum nigrum

External IDs

NSC-83537

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Pharmacology

Indication: No FDA- or EMA-approved therapeutic indications.

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Pharmacodynamics: For pharmacodynamic information of copper, refer to drug entry for Copper. Copper(II) oxide nanoparticles are known to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to cytotoxicity ¹. In a comparative toxicity assay, nanoparticles caused significant mitochondrial depolarization leading to DNA damage ¹. In the human skin organ culture study, topical application of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles induced inflammatory cytokine secretion and necrosis in vitro, indicating that the nanoparticles may adhere to the skin surface and react with the local acidic environment ².
Mechanism of action: For pharmacodynamic information of copper, refer to drug entry for Copper. Copper(II) oxide nanoparticles generate DNA-damaging reactive oxygen species at the nanoparticle surface or in solution by copper dissolved from the nanoparticle surface via Fenton-like reactions ¹. In presence of H2O2, ascorbate, or both, copper (II) oxide generates hydroxyl radical, ascorbyl radical, and superoxide anion that interact with DNA, proteins, and lipids cause oxidative damage and cell death ¹.
Absorption: Following oral administration, copper is mainly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract from the stomach, duodenum, and jejunum. All other intakes of copper (inhalation and dermal) are insignificant in comparison to the oral route. The bioavailability of copper from cupric oxide depends on the solubilization of the oxide in the gastrointestinal tract ⁴. According to studies on cattle and swine, copper oxide displays low absorption rate and high excretion rate ³. In rats exposed to aerosols containing 50-80 mg/m^3, pulmonary uptake of copper oxide occurred ³.
Volume of distribution: Following exposure to cupric oxide aerosols containing 50-80 mg/m^3 in rats, particles were found in plasma 6 hours post-exposure and copper oxide was also observed in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney ³.
Protein binding: Once dissociated, copper is known to bind to serum albumin, ceruloplasmin, and other low-molecular weight complexes ³.
Metabolism: Cupric oxide may dissolve in acids including hydrochloric acid to form copper (II) chloride ⁴. As an inorganic compound, cupric oxide is unlikely to undergo biological degradation.
Route of elimination: Copper undergoes biliary excretion ³.
Half-life: No pharmacokinetic data available.
Clearance: No pharmacokinetic data available.
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Toxicity: Copper toxicity involves gastrointestinal irritation and liver and kidney toxicity. Reported No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Levels (NOAELs) of copper are in the range of 23-104 mg/kg bw/day, but kidney effects have been shown in male rats at levels as low as 10 mg/kg bw/day ⁴. Severe intoxication is associated with serum copper levels greater than 500 mcg/dL. The estimated lethal dose in an untreated adult is 10 to 20 g copper ³.
Pathways: Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs: Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions: This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Not Available
Food Interactions: No interactions found.

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Active Moieties

Name	Kind	UNII	CAS	InChI Key
Copper	unknown	789U1901C5	7440-50-8	RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Cupric cation	ionic	8CBV67279L	15158-11-9	JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Product Images

Mixture Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Avon Vitadvance Multi-kids Complete	Cupric oxide (1 mg) + Ascorbic acid (100 mg) + Beta carotene (2500 unit) + Biotin (60 mcg) + Calcium (125 mg) + Cholecalciferol (400 unit) + Cyanocobalamin (6 mcg) + Ferrous fumarate (4 mg) + Folic acid (.4 mg) + Nicotinamide (20 mg) + Calcium pantothenate (10 mg) + Potassium Iodide (.075 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (2 mg) + Riboflavin (1.7 mg) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.5 mg) + Vitamin A palmitate (2500 unit) + alpha-Tocopherol succinate (20 unit)	Tablet	Oral	Avon Products, Inc.	1994-12-31	2005-07-29
Balance Ace - Cap	Cupric oxide (1 mg) + Ascorbic acid (250 mg) + Beta carotene (10000 unit) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (200 unit) + Manganese sulfate (1.5 mg) + Sodium selenate (15 mcg) + Zinc oxide (7.5 mg)	Capsule	Oral	Pharmavite	1996-09-06	2002-07-25
Calcium Plus	Cupric oxide (1 mg) + Calcium carbonate (600 mg) + Cholecalciferol (200 unit) + Magnesium oxide (50 mg) + Manganese sulfate (1.8 mg) + Zinc oxide (7.5 mg)	Tablet	Oral	Laboratoire Riva Inc.	Not applicable	Not applicable
Cell-wise Natural Source	Cupric oxide (1 mg / tab) + Ascorbic acid (200 mg / tab) + Beta carotene (5000 unit / tab) + Calcium (82.5 mg / tab) + Manganese cation (1.5 mg / tab) + Sodium selenate (25 mcg / tab) + Vitamin E (200 unit / tab) + Zinc (7.5 mg / tab)	Tablet	Oral	Melaleuca, Inc.	1998-05-26	2005-06-28
Central-vite 18 Essential	Cupric oxide (2 mg / tab) + Ascorbic acid (90 mg / tab) + Beta carotene (3000 unit / tab) + Biotin (45 mcg / tab) + Calcium (175 mg / tab) + Calcium Phosphate (125 mg / tab) + Cholecalciferol (400 unit / tab) + Cyanocobalamin (9 mcg / tab) + Ferrous fumarate (10 mg / tab) + Folic acid (0.4 mg / tab) + Magnesium (100 mg / tab) + Nicotinamide (40 mg / tab) + Calcium pantothenate (10 mg / tab) + Potassium Iodide (0.15 mg / tab) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (3 mg / tab) + Riboflavin (3.2 mg / tab) + Thiamine mononitrate (2.25 mg / tab) + Vitamin A (2000 unit / tab) + alpha-Tocopherol acetate (25 unit / tab)	Tablet	Oral	Vita Health Products Inc	1998-04-24	2002-07-31

Unapproved/Other Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Active FE	Cupric oxide (1 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (160 mg/1) + Beta carotene (2100 [iU]/1) + Cholecalciferol (400 [iU]/1) + Cyanocobalamin (30 ug/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (40 [iU]/1) + Folic acid (1250 ug/1) + Iron (75 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (30 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (20 mg/1) + Riboflavin (4 mg/1) + Thiamine hydrochloride (4 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (20 mg/1)	Tablet	Oral	GM Pharmaceuticals, INC	2013-11-11	Not applicable
Bacmin	Cupric oxide (3 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (500 mg/1) + Biotin (150 ug/1) + Chromium Cr-51 chloride (0.1 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (50 ug/1) + Ferrous fumarate (27 mg/1) + Flavone (50 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (50 mg/1) + Manganese gluconate (5 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (100 mg/1) + Calcium pantothenate (25 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (25 mg/1) + Riboflavin (20 mg/1) + Selenomethionine (50 ug/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (20 mg/1) + Vitamin A acetate (2000 [iU]/1) + Zinc oxide (22.5 mg/1) + alpha-Tocopherol acetate (30 [iU]/1)	Tablet, coated	Oral	Marnel Pharmaceuticals, Llc	2000-04-01	Not applicable
Bal-Care DHA	Cupric oxide (2 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Beta carotene (2850 [iU]/1) + Calcium carbonate (219 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (840 [iU]/1) + Cyanocobalamin (.012 mg/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (3 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Iodine (.223 mg/1) + Iron sucrose (1.35 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (25 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Omega-3 fatty acids (430 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (50 mg/1) + Riboflavin (4 mg/1) + Sodium feredetate (25.65 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.8 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (25 mg/1)	Kit	Oral	Pru Gen Pharmaceuticals	2012-05-01	Not applicable
Bal-Care DHA Essential	Cupric oxide (2 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Beta carotene (2850 [iU]/1) + Calcium carbonate (219 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (840 [iU]/1) + Cyanocobalamin (.012 mg/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (3 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Iodine (.223 mg/1) + Iron sucrose (1.35 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (25 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Omega-3 fatty acids (374 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (50 mg/1) + Riboflavin (4 mg/1) + Sodium feredetate (25.65 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.8 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (25 mg/1)	Kit	Oral	Pru Gen Pharmaceuticals	2012-05-01	Not applicable
Cavan Alpha	Cupric oxide (2 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Beta carotene (3000 [iU]/1) + Calcium carbonate (230 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (800 [iU]/1) + Cyanocobalamin (12 ug/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (3 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Iodine (220 ug/1) + Iron (27 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (25 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Omega-3 fatty acids (300 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (50 mg/1) + Riboflavin (4 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.8 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (25 mg/1)	Kit	Oral	Seton Pharmaceuticals	2010-07-01	2013-09-30

Chemical Identifiers

UNII: V1XJQ704R4
CAS number: 1317-38-0
InChI Key: KKCXRELNMOYFLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI: InChI=1S/Cu.O/q+2;-2
IUPAC Name: copper(2+) ion oxidandiide
SMILES: [O--].[Cu++]

References

General References

Angele-Martinez C, Nguyen KV, Ameer FS, Anker JN, Brumaghim JL: Reactive oxygen species generation by copper(II) oxide nanoparticles determined by DNA damage assays and EPR spectroscopy. Nanotoxicology. 2017 Mar;11(2):278-288. doi: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1293750. [Article]
Cohen D, Soroka Y, Ma'or Z, Oron M, Portugal-Cohen M, Bregegere FM, Berhanu D, Valsami-Jones E, Hai N, Milner Y: Evaluation of topically applied copper(II) oxide nanoparticle cytotoxicity in human skin organ culture. Toxicol In Vitro. 2013 Feb;27(1):292-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.08.026. Epub 2012 Aug 29. [Article]
COPPER(II) OXIDE - National Library of Medicine HSDB Database - Toxnet [Link]
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA): Copper(II) oxide as a source of copper added for nutritional purposes [Link]

External Links

PubChem Compound: 164827
PubChem Substance: 347827912
ChemSpider: 144499
RxNav: 21837
ChEBI: 75955
ChEMBL: CHEMBL1909057
Wikipedia: Copper(II)_oxide

MSDS

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Clinical Trials

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Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count	Start Date	Why Stopped	100+ additional columns
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4	Completed	Treatment	Hyperemesis Gravidarum / Morning Sickness / Nausea / Pregnancy / Vomiting	1	somestatus	stop reason	just information to hide
4	Completed	Treatment	Hyperpigmentation	1	somestatus	stop reason	just information to hide
4	Completed	Treatment	Pregnancy	1	somestatus	stop reason	just information to hide
1, 2	Completed	Prevention	Deficiency, Vitamin D / Pre-Eclampsia	1	somestatus	stop reason	just information to hide
0	Unknown Status	Treatment	Antibiotic Resistance, Microbial / Keratitis, Ulcerative / Photothermal Therapy	1	somestatus	stop reason	just information to hide

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

Not Available

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Cream	Topical
Capsule, gelatin coated; kit; tablet	Oral
Capsule, gelatin coated	Oral
Tablet, coated	Oral
Capsule	Oral
Tablet, film coated	Oral
Tablet	Oral
Capsule; kit; tablet, film coated	Oral
Capsule; kit; tablet	Oral
Tablet, chewable	Oral
Capsule, liquid filled	Oral
Kit	Oral

Prices

Not Available

Patents

Not Available

Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
melting point (°C)	Decomposes at 1326	MSDS, National Library of Medicine HSDB Database
boiling point (°C)	Decomposes at 1026	National Library of Medicine HSDB Database
water solubility	Insoluble	MSDS

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	270.0 mg/mL	ALOGPS
logP	-1.3	ALOGPS
logP	-0.65	Chemaxon
logS	0.53	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	15.7	Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-1.8	Chemaxon
Physiological Charge	0	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	1	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area	0 Å²	Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count	0	Chemaxon
Refractivity	13.11 m³·mol^-1	Chemaxon
Polarizability	0.95 Å³	Chemaxon
Number of Rings	0	Chemaxon
Bioavailability	1	Chemaxon
Rule of Five	Yes	Chemaxon
Ghose Filter	No	Chemaxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	Chemaxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	Chemaxon

Predicted ADMET Features

Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST): Not Available
Spectra: Not Available
Chromatographic Properties: Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Not Available

Carriers

Details1. Albumin

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Binder

General Function: Binds water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs (Probable). Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood (Probable). Major zinc transporter in plasma, typically binds about 80% of all plasma zinc (PubMed:19021548). Major calcium and magnesium transporter in plasma, binds approximately 45% of circulating calcium and magnesium in plasma (By similarity). Potentially has more than two calcium-binding sites and might additionally bind calcium in a non-specific manner (By similarity). The shared binding site between zinc and calcium at residue Asp-273 suggests a crosstalk between zinc and calcium transport in the blood (By similarity). The rank order of affinity is zinc > calcium > magnesium (By similarity). Binds to the bacterial siderophore enterobactin and inhibits enterobactin-mediated iron uptake of E.coli from ferric transferrin, and may thereby limit the utilization of iron and growth of enteric bacteria such as E.coli (PubMed:6234017). Does not prevent iron uptake by the bacterial siderophore aerobactin (PubMed:6234017)
Specific Function: antioxidant activity
Gene Name: ALB
Uniprot ID: P02768
Uniprot Name: Albumin
Molecular Weight: 69365.94 Da

References

COPPER(II) OXIDE - National Library of Medicine HSDB Database - Toxnet [Link]

Details2. Ceruloplasmin

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Binder

General Function: Multifunctional blue, copper-binding (6-7 atoms per molecule) glycoprotein. It has ferroxidase activity oxidizing Fe(2+) to Fe(3+) without releasing radical oxygen species. It is involved in iron transport across the cell membrane (PubMed:16150804). Copper ions provide a large number of enzymatic activites. Oxidizes highly toxic ferrous ions to the ferric state for further incorporation onto apo-transferrins, catalyzes Cu(+) oxidation and promotes the oxidation of biogenic amines such as norepinephrin and serotonin (PubMed:14623105, PubMed:4643313, PubMed:5912351). Provides Cu(2+) ions for the ascorbate-mediated deaminase degradation of the heparan sulfate chains of GPC1 (By similarity). Has glutathione peroxidase-like activity, can remove both hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxide in the presence of thiols (PubMed:10481051). Also shows NO-oxidase and NO2 synthase activities that determine endocrine NO homeostasis (PubMed:16906150)
Specific Function: copper ion binding
Gene Name: CP
Uniprot ID: P00450
Uniprot Name: Ceruloplasmin
Molecular Weight: 122218.48 Da

References

COPPER(II) OXIDE - National Library of Medicine HSDB Database - Toxnet [Link]

Drug created at December 03, 2015 16:51 / Updated at June 12, 2020 16:53

Cupric oxide

Identification

Structure for Cupric oxide (DB11134)

Pharmacology

Interactions

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Categories

Chemical Identifiers

References

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Properties

Spectra

Collision Cross Sections (CCS)

Carriers

References

References