Explore a selection of our essential drug information below, or:
Identification
- Summary
Parachlorophenol is an antibacterial agent used to prevent infections in root canals.
- Generic Name
- Parachlorophenol
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB13154
- Background
P-chlorophenol is a white crystals with a strong phenol odor. Slightly soluble to soluble in water, depending on the isomer, and denser than water. Noncombustible.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
Structure for Parachlorophenol (DB13154)
- Weight
- Average: 128.556
Monoisotopic: 128.002892489 - Chemical Formula
- C6H5ClO
- Synonyms
- 4-Chlorophenol
- 4-chlorphenol
- p-Chlorophenol
- Parachlorophenol
- External IDs
- NSC-2877
Pharmacology
- Indication
Used as an intermediate in organic synthesis of dyes and drugs. Local antibacterial agent in root canal therapy, as topical antiseptic in ointments
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- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Not Available
- Mechanism of action
The major mode of action of chlorophenols appears to be the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. The strength of the uncoupling effect is related to the degree of chlorination: PCP is the strongest inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation, MCP the weakest. To a lesser extent, inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation is affected by the positions of the chlorine atoms on the molecule.
Target Actions Organism USodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha Not Available Humans - Absorption
absorbed from gastrointestinal tract.
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
P-Chlorophenol yields p-chloroanisole in guinea pigs. P-Chlorophenol yields 4-chlorocatechol p-chloro phenyl-beta-D-glucuronide & p-chlorphenyl sulfate in rabbits. P-Chlorophenol yields p-chlorophenyl sulfate in rats.
- Route of elimination
87% of 4-chlorophenol was excreted in urine of dogs as sulfate and glucuronide.
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Signs and symptoms in human : When undiluted, it whitens & cauterizes the skin & mucous membranes. 4-chlorophenol was shown to permeate the skin. It produces damage at a threshold concentration of 0.75% (w/v).
Routes of Entry: Absorbed through skin. Eye contact. Toxicity to Animals: Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 500 mg/kg [Rat]. Acute dermal toxicity (LD50): 1500 mg/kg [Rat]. Chronic Effects on Humans: CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Classified 2B (Possible for human.) by IARC. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Classified Reproductive system/toxin/male, Development toxin [POSSIBLE]. May cause damage to the following organs: liver, brain, gastrointestinal tract, upper respiratory tract, central nervous system (CNS). Other Toxic Effects on Humans: Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant).
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareCeftobiprole medocaril The serum concentration of Parachlorophenol can be increased when it is combined with Ceftobiprole medocaril. Elexacaftor The serum concentration of Parachlorophenol can be increased when it is combined with Elexacaftor. Encorafenib The serum concentration of Parachlorophenol can be increased when it is combined with Encorafenib. Imetelstat The serum concentration of Parachlorophenol can be increased when it is combined with Imetelstat. Leniolisib The excretion of Parachlorophenol can be decreased when combined with Leniolisib. - Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Camphorated Para Chlorophenol Liq Parachlorophenol (35 %) + Camphor (65 %) Liquid Dental Sultan Healthcare 1985-12-31 2013-06-18 Canada 
Cresophene Liq Parachlorophenol (300 mg / 1 g) + Camphor (649 mg / 1 g) + Dexamethasone (1 mg / 1 g) + Thymol (50 mg / 1 g) Liquid Dental Septodont 1978-12-31 2012-07-07 Canada
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as p-chlorophenols. These are chlorophenols carrying a iodine at the C4 position of the benzene ring.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Benzenoids
- Class
- Phenols
- Sub Class
- Halophenols
- Direct Parent
- P-chlorophenols
- Alternative Parents
- Chlorobenzenes / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids / Aryl chlorides / Organooxygen compounds / Organochlorides / Hydrocarbon derivatives
- Substituents
- 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid / 4-chlorophenol / Aromatic homomonocyclic compound / Aryl chloride / Aryl halide / Chlorobenzene / Halobenzene / Hydrocarbon derivative / Monocyclic benzene moiety / Organic oxygen compound
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- monochlorophenol (CHEBI:28078) / a chloroaromatic compound (CPD-10870)
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 3DLC36A01X
- CAS number
- 106-48-9
- InChI Key
- WXNZTHHGJRFXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C6H5ClO/c7-5-1-3-6(8)4-2-5/h1-4,8H
- IUPAC Name
- 4-chlorophenol
- SMILES
- OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1
References
- General References
- Sciencelab [Link]
- Pubchem [Link]
- Pubchem [Link]
- TOXNET [Link]
- ChemSpider [Link]
- Septodont: Cresophene (dexamethasone/thymol/parachlorophenol) solution for dental use [Link]
- FDA Thailand Product Information: Cresophene (dexamethasone/thymol/parachlorophenol) solution for dental use [Link]
- ThermoFisher Scientific: 4-Chlorophenol safety data sheet [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0246398
- KEGG Drug
- D00149
- KEGG Compound
- C02124
- PubChem Compound
- 4684
- PubChem Substance
- 347829264
- ChemSpider
- 13875219
- BindingDB
- 36299
- 14982
- ChEBI
- 28078
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL57053
- ZINC
- ZINC000000001885
- PDBe Ligand
- 4CH
- PDB Entries
- 4awu / 4df2 / 5m8w / 7dqw / 7m0h
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
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Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Liquid Dental - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 14.0 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 2.37 ALOGPS logP 2.27 Chemaxon logS -0.96 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 8.96 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -6.3 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 1 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 20.23 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 0 Chemaxon Refractivity 32.84 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 12.02 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 1 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule Yes Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 112.030259 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 120.60833 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 113.026759 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 123.92551 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 112.158259 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 132.56812 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Pore-forming subunit of a voltage-gated sodium channel complex through which Na(+) ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. Alternates between resting, activated and inactivated states (PubMed:12766226, PubMed:15318338, PubMed:16890191, PubMed:17898326, PubMed:18690054, PubMed:19347921, PubMed:25707578, PubMed:26700687, PubMed:29992740, PubMed:30190309). Required for normal muscle fiber excitability, normal muscle contraction and relaxation cycles, and constant muscle strength in the presence of fluctuating K(+) levels (PubMed:12766226, PubMed:15318338, PubMed:16890191, PubMed:19347921, PubMed:25707578, PubMed:26659129, PubMed:26700687)
- Specific Function
- Voltage-gated sodium channel activity
- Gene Name
- SCN4A
- Uniprot ID
- P35499
- Uniprot Name
- Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha
- Molecular Weight
- 208059.175 Da
References
- Leuwer M, Haeseler G, Hecker H, Bufler J, Dengler R, Aronson JK: An improved model for the binding of lidocaine and structurally related local anaesthetics to fast-inactivated voltage-operated sodium channels, showing evidence of cooperativity. Br J Pharmacol. 2004 Jan;141(1):47-54. Epub 2003 Dec 8. [Article]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions (PubMed:10779507, PubMed:15159445, PubMed:17412826). Shows broad substrate specificity, can transport both organic anions such as bile acid taurocholate (cholyltaurine) and conjugated steroids (17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and estrone 3-sulfate), as well as eicosanoid leukotriene C4, prostaglandin E2 and L-thyroxine (T4) (PubMed:10779507, PubMed:11159893, PubMed:12568656, PubMed:15159445, PubMed:17412826, PubMed:19129463). Hydrogencarbonate/HCO3(-) acts as the probable counteranion that exchanges for organic anions (PubMed:19129463). Shows a pH-sensitive substrate specificity towards sulfated steroids, taurocholate and T4 which may be ascribed to the protonation state of the binding site and leads to a stimulation of substrate transport in an acidic microenvironment (PubMed:19129463). Involved in the clearance of bile acids and organic anions from the liver (PubMed:22232210). Can take up bilirubin glucuronides from plasma into the liver, contributing to the detoxification-enhancing liver-blood shuttling loop (PubMed:22232210). Transports coproporphyrin I and III, by-products of heme synthesis, and may be involved in their hepatic disposition (PubMed:26383540). May contribute to regulate the transport of organic compounds in testes across the blood-testis-barrier (Probable). Can transport HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (also known as statins) such as pitavastatin, a clinically important class of hypolipidemic drugs (PubMed:15159445). May play an important role in plasma and tissue distribution of the structurally diverse chemotherapeutic drugs methotrexate and paclitaxel (PubMed:23243220). May also transport antihypertension agents, such as the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor prodrug enalapril, and the highly selective angiotensin II AT1-receptor antagonist valsartan, in the liver (PubMed:16624871, PubMed:16627748)
- Specific Function
- Bile acid transmembrane transporter activity
- Gene Name
- SLCO1B3
- Uniprot ID
- Q9NPD5
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3
- Molecular Weight
- 77402.175 Da
References
Drug created at December 02, 2016 18:51 / Updated at March 27, 2024 05:12