Calcium phosphate dihydrate

Identification

Generic Name
Calcium phosphate dihydrate
DrugBank Accession Number
DB14481
Background

Not Available

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 172.086
Monoisotopic: 171.9449658
Chemical Formula
CaH5O6P
Synonyms
  • Calcium monohydrogen phosphate dihydrate
  • Calcium phosphate dibasic, hydrous
  • Calcium phosphate dihydrate, dibasic
  • Calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate
  • Calcium phosphate, dibasic, hydrous
  • D.C.P.
  • Dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate
  • Dibasic calcium phosphate hydrate
  • Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate

Pharmacology

Indication

For use as an over the counter calcium and phosphate supplement, antacid, or a source of calcium and phosphate in toothpaste Label 3.

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Associated Therapies
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Pharmacodynamics

Calcium phosphate reacts with acid in the stomach to raise the pH 3. In toothpaste it provides a source of calcium and phosphate ions to support remineralization of the teeth 1. As a supplement it provides a source of calcium and phospate, both of which are important ions in bone homeostasis.

Mechanism of action

The phosphate ions in calcium phosphate likely react with hydrochloric acid in the stomach to neutralize the pH. In toothpaste and in systemic circulation, calcium phosphate provides a source of calcium and phosphate ions to support remineralization of the teeth and bone homeostasis respectively. The increase in plasma calcium reduces calcium flux from osteocyte activity by reducing the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) 2. Calcium does this by stimulating a G-protein coupled calcium receptor on the surface of parathyroid cells. The reduction in calcium flux increases the amount of calcium deposited in bone resulting in an increase in bone mineral density. The reduction in PTH secretion also reduces the amount of vitamin D metabolized to its active form, calcidiol. Since calcidiol increases the expression of calcium dependent ATPases and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6 (TRPV6) both of which are involved in calcium uptake from the gut, a reduction in calcidiol results in less calcium absorption. Additionally, TRPV5, the channel responsible for calcium reabsorption in the kidney, is downregulated when PTH secretion is reduced thus increasing calcium excretion via the kidneys. Another hormone, calitonin, is likely involved in the reduction of bone resorption during periods of high plasma calcium.

TargetActionsOrganism
AExtracellular calcium-sensing receptorNot AvailableHumans
NCalreticulinNot AvailableHumans
UCalcium and integrin-binding protein 1Not AvailableHumans
UProgrammed cell death protein 6Not AvailableHumans
USorcinNot AvailableHumans
UCalcineurin B homologous protein 1Not AvailableHumans
NSPARCNot AvailableHumans
NCalnexinNot AvailableHumans
NFibrillin-2Not AvailableHumans
NProtein S100-BNot AvailableHumans
NCalsequestrin-2Not AvailableHumans
NRegucalcinNot AvailableHumans
NPeflinNot AvailableHumans
UProtein S100-A6Not AvailableHumans
NTranslationally-controlled tumor proteinNot AvailableHumans
UCalcium and integrin-binding family member 2Not AvailableHumans
NProtein S100-A13Not AvailableHumans
NCalsequestrin-1Not AvailableHumans
UNucleobindin-1Not AvailableHumans
UNucleobindin-2Not AvailableHumans
UFibrillin-3Not AvailableHumans
UGrancalcinNot AvailableHumans
UCalcium-dependent secretion activator 1Not AvailableHumans
UCalmodulin-2Not AvailableHumans
UCalmodulin-3Not AvailableHumans
UProtein S100-A16Not AvailableHumans
UCalretininNot AvailableHumans
UCalcyphosinNot AvailableHumans
UCalcium-dependent secretion activator 2Not AvailableHumans
UCalreticulin-3Not AvailableHumans
UNeurexin-1Not AvailableHumans
UNeuronal calcium sensor 1Not AvailableHumans
UCalmodulinNot AvailableHumans
Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism
Not Available
Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
Aluminum hydroxideAluminum hydroxide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Calcium phosphate dihydrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Calcium acetateCalcium acetate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Calcium phosphate dihydrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Calcium carbonateCalcium carbonate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Calcium phosphate dihydrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Calcium chlorideCalcium chloride can cause a decrease in the absorption of Calcium phosphate dihydrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Calcium glucoheptonateCalcium glucoheptonate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Calcium phosphate dihydrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

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Active Moieties
NameKindUNIICASInChI Key
Calcium Phosphateunknown97Z1WI3NDX10103-46-5QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H
Phosphate ionionicNK08V8K8HR14265-44-2NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K
Over the Counter Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Biorepair Sensitive TeethPaste18.6 g/100gOralCoswell Spa2017-06-02Not applicableUS flag
Biorepair Total ProtectionPaste15.11 g/100gOralCoswell Spa2017-06-04Not applicableUS flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
BiovitaCalcium phosphate dihydrate (20 mg/1g) + Ascorbic acid (5 mg/1g) + Bacillus subtilis (3 mg/1g) + Nicotinamide (0.1 mg/1g) + Riboflavin (0.2 mg/1g) + Thiamine mononitrate (0.3 mg/1g)GranuleOralIldong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.2015-06-032019-09-13US flag
BiovitaCalcium phosphate dihydrate (20 mg/1g) + Ascorbic acid (5 mg/1g) + Bacillus subtilis (3 mg/1g) + Nicotinamide (0.1 mg/1g) + Riboflavin (0.2 mg/1g) + Thiamine mononitrate (0.3 mg/1g)GranuleOralOASIS TRADING2018-12-25Not applicableUS flag
Finefra Aid ToothCalcium phosphate dihydrate (0.04 g/100g) + Alcloxa (0.04 g/100g) + Calcium carbonate (0.10 g/100g) + alpha-Tocopherol acetate (0.04 g/100g)Paste, dentifriceTopicalJewoo Medical Co,.Ltd2020-05-01Not applicableUS flag
Hae Yan ToothCalcium phosphate dihydrate (0.09 g/100g) + Alcloxa (0.09 g/100g) + Aminocaproic acid (0.09 g/100g) + Calcium carbonate (37 g/100g)PasteOralWOORILIFE&HEALTH2020-05-25Not applicableUS flag
Hea YanToothpasteCalcium phosphate dihydrate (0.09 g/100g) + Alcloxa (0.09 g/100g) + Aminocaproic acid (0.09 g/100g) + Calcium carbonate (37 g/100g)Paste, dentifriceDentalWOORI LIFE & HEALTH2023-04-24Not applicableUS flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Biorepair Sensitive TeethCalcium phosphate dihydrate (18.6 g/100g)PasteOralCoswell Spa2017-06-02Not applicableUS flag
Biorepair Total ProtectionCalcium phosphate dihydrate (15.11 g/100g)PasteOralCoswell Spa2017-06-04Not applicableUS flag
BiovitaCalcium phosphate dihydrate (20 mg/1g) + Ascorbic acid (5 mg/1g) + Bacillus subtilis (3 mg/1g) + Nicotinamide (0.1 mg/1g) + Riboflavin (0.2 mg/1g) + Thiamine mononitrate (0.3 mg/1g)GranuleOralIldong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.2015-06-032019-09-13US flag
BiovitaCalcium phosphate dihydrate (20 mg/1g) + Ascorbic acid (5 mg/1g) + Bacillus subtilis (3 mg/1g) + Nicotinamide (0.1 mg/1g) + Riboflavin (0.2 mg/1g) + Thiamine mononitrate (0.3 mg/1g)GranuleOralOASIS TRADING2018-12-25Not applicableUS flag
Finefra Aid ToothCalcium phosphate dihydrate (0.04 g/100g) + Alcloxa (0.04 g/100g) + Calcium carbonate (0.10 g/100g) + alpha-Tocopherol acetate (0.04 g/100g)Paste, dentifriceTopicalJewoo Medical Co,.Ltd2020-05-01Not applicableUS flag

Categories

Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as alkaline earth metal phosphates. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest oxoanion is phosphate, and in which the heaviest atom not in an oxoanion is an alkaline earth metal.
Kingdom
Inorganic compounds
Super Class
Mixed metal/non-metal compounds
Class
Alkaline earth metal oxoanionic compounds
Sub Class
Alkaline earth metal phosphates
Direct Parent
Alkaline earth metal phosphates
Alternative Parents
Inorganic oxides / Inorganic calcium salts
Substituents
Alkaline earth metal phosphate / Inorganic calcium salt / Inorganic oxide / Inorganic salt
Molecular Framework
Not Available
External Descriptors
hydrate, calcium salt (CHEBI:4496)
Affected organisms
Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
O7TSZ97GEP
CAS number
7789-77-7
InChI Key
XAAHAAMILDNBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L
InChI
InChI=1S/Ca.H3O4P.2H2O/c;1-5(2,3)4;;/h;(H3,1,2,3,4);2*1H2/q+2;;;/p-2
IUPAC Name
calcium dihydrate hydrogen phosphate
SMILES
O.O.[Ca++].OP([O-])([O-])=O

References

General References
  1. Reynolds EC: Calcium phosphate-based remineralization systems: scientific evidence? Aust Dent J. 2008 Sep;53(3):268-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2008.00061.x. [Article]
  2. Barrett KE, Barman SM, Boitano S, Brooks HL (2012). Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology (24th ed.). McGraw Hill. [ISBN:978-0-07-17803-2]
  3. HSDB: Calcium Phosphate [Link]
ChemSpider
94606
RxNav
1310463
ChEBI
4496

Clinical Trials

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Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
CapsuleOral
PasteOral18.6 g/100g
PasteOral15.11 g/100g
GranuleOral
Paste, dentifriceTopical
PasteOral
PasteDental
Gel, dentifriceOral
Paste, dentifriceDental
Paste, dentifriceOral
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Not Available
Experimental Properties
Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility38.9 mg/mLALOGPS
logP-0.55ALOGPS
logP-1Chemaxon
logS-0.69ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)1.8Chemaxon
Physiological Charge-2Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area83.42 Ã…2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count0Chemaxon
Refractivity12.41 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability5.24 Ã…3Chemaxon
Number of Rings0Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
Not Available
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (â„«2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-105.5041532
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-104.25548
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+107.78008
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+116.38976
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
General Function
G-protein-coupled receptor that senses changes in the extracellular concentration of calcium ions and plays a key role in maintaining calcium homeostasis (PubMed:17555508, PubMed:19789209, PubMed:21566075, PubMed:22114145, PubMed:22789683, PubMed:23966241, PubMed:25104082, PubMed:25292184, PubMed:25766501, PubMed:26386835, PubMed:7759551, PubMed:8636323, PubMed:8702647, PubMed:8878438). Senses fluctuations in the circulating calcium concentration and modulates the production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in parathyroid glands (By similarity). The activity of this receptor is mediated by a G-protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system (PubMed:7759551). The G-protein-coupled receptor activity is activated by a co-agonist mechanism: aromatic amino acids, such as Trp or Phe, act concertedly with divalent cations, such as calcium or magnesium, to achieve full receptor activation (PubMed:27386547, PubMed:27434672)
Specific Function
amino acid binding
Gene Name
CASR
Uniprot ID
P41180
Uniprot Name
Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor
Molecular Weight
120673.365 Da
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
General Function
Calcium-binding chaperone that promotes folding, oligomeric assembly and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via the calreticulin/calnexin cycle. This lectin interacts transiently with almost all of the monoglucosylated glycoproteins that are synthesized in the ER (PubMed:7876246). Interacts with the DNA-binding domain of NR3C1 and mediates its nuclear export (PubMed:11149926). Involved in maternal gene expression regulation. May participate in oocyte maturation via the regulation of calcium homeostasis (By similarity). Present in the cortical granules of non-activated oocytes, is exocytosed during the cortical reaction in response to oocyte activation and might participate in the block to polyspermy (By similarity)
Specific Function
calcium ion binding
Gene Name
CALR
Uniprot ID
P27797
Uniprot Name
Calreticulin
Molecular Weight
48141.2 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Calreticulin [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Calcium-binding protein that plays a role in the regulation of numerous cellular processes, such as cell differentiation, cell division, cell proliferation, cell migration, thrombosis, angiogenesis, cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis. Involved in bone marrow megakaryocyte differentiation by negatively regulating thrombopoietin-mediated signaling pathway. Participates in the endomitotic cell cycle of megakaryocyte, a form of mitosis in which both karyokinesis and cytokinesis are interrupted. Plays a role in integrin signaling by negatively regulating alpha-IIb/beta3 activation in thrombin-stimulated megakaryocytes preventing platelet aggregation. Up-regulates PTK2/FAK1 activity, and is also needed for the recruitment of PTK2/FAK1 to focal adhesions; it thus appears to play an important role in focal adhesion formation. Positively regulates cell migration on fibronectin in a CDC42-dependent manner, the effect being negatively regulated by PAK1. Functions as a negative regulator of stress activated MAP kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Down-regulates inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-dependent calcium signaling. Involved in sphingosine kinase SPHK1 translocation to the plasma membrane in a N-myristoylation-dependent manner preventing TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis. Regulates serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK3 activity for proper completion of cell division progression. Plays a role in microtubule (MT) dynamics during neuronal development; disrupts the MT depolymerization activity of STMN2 attenuating NGF-induced neurite outgrowth and the MT reorganization at the edge of lamellipodia. Promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via activation of the calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway. Stimulates calcineurin PPP3R1 activity by mediating its anchoring to the sarcolemma. In ischemia-induced (pathological or adaptive) angiogenesis, stimulates endothelial cell proliferation, migration and microvessel formation by activating the PAK1 and ERK1/ERK2 signaling pathway. Promotes also cancer cell survival and proliferation. May regulate cell cycle and differentiation of spermatogenic germ cells, and/or differentiation of supporting Sertoli cells. Forms a complex with TMC6/EVER1 and TMC8/EVER2 in lymphocytes and keratynocytes where CIB1 stabilizes TMC6 and TMC8 levels and reciprocally (PubMed:30068544, PubMed:32917726)
Specific Function
calcium ion binding
Gene Name
CIB1
Uniprot ID
Q99828
Uniprot Name
Calcium and integrin-binding protein 1
Molecular Weight
21703.07 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Calcium and integrin-binding protein 1 [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Calcium sensor that plays a key role in processes such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi vesicular transport, endosomal biogenesis or membrane repair. Acts as an adapter that bridges unrelated proteins or stabilizes weak protein-protein complexes in response to calcium: calcium-binding triggers exposure of apolar surface, promoting interaction with different sets of proteins thanks to 3 different hydrophobic pockets, leading to translocation to membranes (PubMed:20691033, PubMed:25667979). Involved in ER-Golgi transport by promoting the association between PDCD6IP and TSG101, thereby bridging together the ESCRT-III and ESCRT-I complexes (PubMed:19520058). Together with PEF1, acts as a calcium-dependent adapter for the BCR(KLHL12) complex, a complex involved in ER-Golgi transport by regulating the size of COPII coats (PubMed:27716508). In response to cytosolic calcium increase, the heterodimer formed with PEF1 interacts with, and bridges together the BCR(KLHL12) complex and SEC31 (SEC31A or SEC31B), promoting monoubiquitination of SEC31 and subsequent collagen export, which is required for neural crest specification (PubMed:27716508). Involved in the regulation of the distribution and function of MCOLN1 in the endosomal pathway (PubMed:19864416). Promotes localization and polymerization of TFG at endoplasmic reticulum exit site (PubMed:27813252). Required for T-cell receptor-, Fas-, and glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis (By similarity). May mediate Ca(2+)-regulated signals along the death pathway: interaction with DAPK1 can accelerate apoptotic cell death by increasing caspase-3 activity (PubMed:16132846). Its role in apoptosis may however be indirect, as suggested by knockout experiments (By similarity). May inhibit KDR/VEGFR2-dependent angiogenesis; the function involves inhibition of VEGF-induced phosphorylation of the Akt signaling pathway (PubMed:21893193). In case of infection by HIV-1 virus, indirectly inhibits HIV-1 production by affecting viral Gag expression and distribution (PubMed:27784779)
Specific Function
calcium ion binding
Gene Name
PDCD6
Uniprot ID
O75340
Uniprot Name
Programmed cell death protein 6
Molecular Weight
21868.32 Da
References
  1. Uniprot: Programmed cell death protein 6 [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Calcium-binding protein that modulates excitation-contraction coupling in the heart. Contributes to calcium homeostasis in the heart sarcoplasmic reticulum. Modulates the activity of RYR2 calcium channels
Specific Function
calcium channel regulator activity
Gene Name
SRI
Uniprot ID
P30626
Uniprot Name
Sorcin
Molecular Weight
21676.245 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Sorcin [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Calcium-binding protein involved in different processes such as regulation of vesicular trafficking, plasma membrane Na(+)/H(+) exchanger and gene transcription. Involved in the constitutive exocytic membrane traffic. Mediates the association between microtubules and membrane-bound organelles of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus and is also required for the targeting and fusion of transcytotic vesicles (TCV) with the plasma membrane. Functions as an integral cofactor in cell pH regulation by controlling plasma membrane-type Na(+)/H(+) exchange activity. Affects the pH sensitivity of SLC9A1/NHE1 by increasing its sensitivity at acidic pH. Required for the stabilization and localization of SLC9A1/NHE1 at the plasma membrane. Inhibits serum- and GTPase-stimulated Na(+)/H(+) exchange. Plays a role as an inhibitor of ribosomal RNA transcription by repressing the nucleolar UBF1 transcriptional activity. May sequester UBF1 in the nucleoplasm and limit its translocation to the nucleolus. Associates to the ribosomal gene promoter. Acts as a negative regulator of the calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway. Inhibits NFAT nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity by suppressing the calcium-dependent calcineurin phosphatase activity. Also negatively regulates the kinase activity of the apoptosis-induced kinase STK17B. Inhibits both STK17B auto- and substrate-phosphorylations in a calcium-dependent manner
Specific Function
calcium ion binding
Gene Name
CHP1
Uniprot ID
Q99653
Uniprot Name
Calcineurin B homologous protein 1
Molecular Weight
22455.96 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Calcineurin B homologous protein 1 [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
General Function
Appears to regulate cell growth through interactions with the extracellular matrix and cytokines. Binds calcium and copper, several types of collagen, albumin, thrombospondin, PDGF and cell membranes. There are two calcium binding sites; an acidic domain that binds 5 to 8 Ca(2+) with a low affinity and an EF-hand loop that binds a Ca(2+) ion with a high affinity
Specific Function
calcium ion binding
Gene Name
SPARC
Uniprot ID
P09486
Uniprot Name
SPARC
Molecular Weight
34631.88 Da
References
  1. UniProt: SPARC [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
General Function
Calcium-binding protein that interacts with newly synthesized monoglucosylated glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. It may act in assisting protein assembly and/or in the retention within the ER of unassembled protein subunits. It seems to play a major role in the quality control apparatus of the ER by the retention of incorrectly folded proteins. Associated with partial T-cell antigen receptor complexes that escape the ER of immature thymocytes, it may function as a signaling complex regulating thymocyte maturation. Additionally it may play a role in receptor-mediated endocytosis at the synapse
Specific Function
calcium ion binding
Gene Name
CANX
Uniprot ID
P27824
Uniprot Name
Calnexin
Molecular Weight
67567.695 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Calnexin [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
General Function
Fibrillins are structural components of 10-12 nm extracellular calcium-binding microfibrils, which occur either in association with elastin or in elastin-free bundles. Fibrillin-2-containing microfibrils regulate the early process of elastic fiber assembly. Regulates osteoblast maturation by controlling TGF-beta bioavailability and calibrating TGF-beta and BMP levels, respectively
Specific Function
calcium ion binding
Gene Name
FBN2
Uniprot ID
P35556
Uniprot Name
Fibrillin-2
Molecular Weight
314772.155 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Fibrillin-2 [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
General Function
Small zinc- and- and calcium-binding protein that is highly expressed in astrocytes and constitutes one of the most abundant soluble proteins in brain (PubMed:20950652, PubMed:6487634). Weakly binds calcium but binds zinc very tightly-distinct binding sites with different affinities exist for both ions on each monomer (PubMed:20950652, PubMed:6487634). Physiological concentrations of potassium ion antagonize the binding of both divalent cations, especially affecting high-affinity calcium-binding sites (By similarity). Acts as a neurotrophic factor that promotes astrocytosis and axonal proliferation (By similarity). Involved in innervation of thermogenic adipose tissue by acting as an adipocyte-derived neurotrophic factor that promotes sympathetic innervation of adipose tissue (By similarity). Binds to and initiates the activation of STK38 by releasing autoinhibitory intramolecular interactions within the kinase (By similarity). Interaction with AGER after myocardial infarction may play a role in myocyte apoptosis by activating ERK1/2 and p53/TP53 signaling (By similarity). Could assist ATAD3A cytoplasmic processing, preventing aggregation and favoring mitochondrial localization (PubMed:20351179). May mediate calcium-dependent regulation on many physiological processes by interacting with other proteins, such as TPR-containing proteins, and modulating their activity (PubMed:22399290)
Specific Function
calcium ion binding
Gene Name
S100B
Uniprot ID
P04271
Uniprot Name
Protein S100-B
Molecular Weight
10712.985 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Protein S100-B [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
General Function
Calsequestrin is a high-capacity, moderate affinity, calcium-binding protein and thus acts as an internal calcium store in muscle. Calcium ions are bound by clusters of acidic residues at the protein surface, especially at the interface between subunits. Can bind around 60 Ca(2+) ions. Regulates the release of lumenal Ca(2+) via the calcium release channel RYR2; this plays an important role in triggering muscle contraction. Plays a role in excitation-contraction coupling in the heart and in regulating the rate of heart beats
Specific Function
calcium ion binding
Gene Name
CASQ2
Uniprot ID
O14958
Uniprot Name
Calsequestrin-2
Molecular Weight
46435.28 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Calsequestrin-2 [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
General Function
Gluconolactonase with low activity towards other sugar lactones, including gulonolactone and galactonolactone. Can also hydrolyze diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate and phenylacetate (in vitro). Calcium-binding protein. Modulates Ca(2+) signaling, and Ca(2+)-dependent cellular processes and enzyme activities (By similarity)
Specific Function
calcium ion binding
Gene Name
RGN
Uniprot ID
Q15493
Uniprot Name
Regucalcin
Molecular Weight
33252.53 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Regucalcin [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
General Function
Calcium-binding protein that acts as an adapter that bridges unrelated proteins or stabilizes weak protein-protein complexes in response to calcium. Together with PDCD6, acts as a calcium-dependent adapter for the BCR(KLHL12) complex, a complex involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi transport by regulating the size of COPII coats (PubMed:27716508). In response to cytosolic calcium increase, the heterodimer formed with PDCD6 interacts with, and bridges together the BCR(KLHL12) complex and SEC31 (SEC31A or SEC31B), promoting monoubiquitination of SEC31 and subsequent collagen export, which is required for neural crest specification (PubMed:27716508). Its role in the heterodimer formed with PDCD6 is however unclear: some evidence shows that PEF1 and PDCD6 work together and promote association between PDCD6 and SEC31 in presence of calcium (PubMed:27716508). Other reports show that PEF1 dissociates from PDCD6 in presence of calcium, and may act as a negative regulator of PDCD6 (PubMed:11278427). Also acts as a negative regulator of ER-Golgi transport; possibly by inhibiting interaction between PDCD6 and SEC31 (By similarity)
Specific Function
calcium ion binding
Gene Name
PEF1
Uniprot ID
Q9UBV8
Uniprot Name
Peflin
Molecular Weight
30380.755 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Peflin [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
May function as calcium sensor and modulator, contributing to cellular calcium signaling. May function by interacting with other proteins, such as TPR-containing proteins, and indirectly play a role in many physiological processes such as the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and in cell motility. Binds 2 calcium ions. Calcium binding is cooperative
Specific Function
calcium ion binding
Gene Name
S100A6
Uniprot ID
P06703
Uniprot Name
Protein S100-A6
Molecular Weight
10179.635 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Protein S100-A6 [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
General Function
Involved in calcium binding and microtubule stabilization (PubMed:12167714, PubMed:15162379, PubMed:15958728). Acts as a negative regulator of TSC22D1-mediated apoptosis, via interaction with and destabilization of TSC22D1 protein (PubMed:18325344)
Specific Function
calcium ion binding
Gene Name
TPT1
Uniprot ID
P13693
Uniprot Name
Translationally-controlled tumor protein
Molecular Weight
19595.205 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Translationally-controlled tumor protein [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Calcium- and integrin-binding protein that plays a role in intracellular calcium homeostasis (By similarity). Acts as an auxiliary subunit of the sensory mechanoelectrical transduction (MET) channel in hair cells (By similarity). Essential for mechanoelectrical transduction (MET) currents in auditory hair cells and thereby required for hearing (By similarity). Regulates the function of hair cell mechanotransduction by controlling the distribution of transmembrane channel-like proteins TMC1 and TMC2, and by regulating the function of the MET channels in hair cells (By similarity). Required for the maintenance of auditory hair cell stereocilia bundle morphology and function and for hair-cell survival in the cochlea (By similarity). Critical for proper photoreceptor cell maintenance and function (By similarity). Plays a role in intracellular calcium homeostasis by decreasing ATP-induced calcium release (PubMed:23023331, PubMed:26173970, PubMed:26426422)
Specific Function
calcium ion binding
Gene Name
CIB2
Uniprot ID
O75838
Uniprot Name
Calcium and integrin-binding family member 2
Molecular Weight
21643.38 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Calcium and integrin-binding family member 2 [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
General Function
Plays a role in the export of proteins that lack a signal peptide and are secreted by an alternative pathway. Binds two calcium ions per subunit. Binds one copper ion. Binding of one copper ion does not interfere with calcium binding. Required for the copper-dependent stress-induced export of IL1A and FGF1. The calcium-free protein binds to lipid vesicles containing phosphatidylserine, but not to vesicles containing phosphatidylcholine (By similarity)
Specific Function
calcium ion binding
Gene Name
S100A13
Uniprot ID
Q99584
Uniprot Name
Protein S100-A13
Molecular Weight
11471.095 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Protein S100-A13 [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
General Function
Calsequestrin is a high-capacity, moderate affinity, calcium-binding protein and thus acts as an internal calcium store in muscle (PubMed:28895244). Calcium ions are bound by clusters of acidic residues at the protein surface, often at the interface between subunits. Can bind around 80 Ca(2+) ions (PubMed:28895244). Regulates the release of lumenal Ca(2+) via the calcium release channel RYR1; this plays an important role in triggering muscle contraction. Negatively regulates store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) activity (PubMed:27185316)
Specific Function
calcium ion binding
Gene Name
CASQ1
Uniprot ID
P31415
Uniprot Name
Calsequestrin-1
Molecular Weight
45159.635 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Calsequestrin-1 [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Major calcium-binding protein of the Golgi which may have a role in calcium homeostasis (By similarity). Acts as a non-receptor guanine nucleotide exchange factor which binds to and activates alpha subunits of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) (By similarity)
Specific Function
calcium ion binding
Gene Name
NUCB1
Uniprot ID
Q02818
Uniprot Name
Nucleobindin-1
Molecular Weight
53878.96 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Nucleobindin-1 [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Calcium-binding protein which may have a role in calcium homeostasis (By similarity). Acts as a non-receptor guanine nucleotide exchange factor which binds to and activates guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein) alpha subunit GNAI3 (By similarity)
Specific Function
calcium ion binding
Gene Name
NUCB2
Uniprot ID
P80303
Uniprot Name
Nucleobindin-2
Molecular Weight
50222.415 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Nucleobindin-2 [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Fibrillins are structural components of 10-12 nm extracellular calcium-binding microfibrils, which occur either in association with elastin or in elastin-free bundles. Fibrillin-containing microfibrils provide long-term force bearing structural support
Specific Function
calcium ion binding
Gene Name
FBN3
Uniprot ID
Q75N90
Uniprot Name
Fibrillin-3
Molecular Weight
300352.86 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Fibrillin-3 [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Calcium-binding protein that may play a role in the adhesion of neutrophils to fibronectin. May play a role in the formation of focal adhesions
Specific Function
calcium ion binding
Gene Name
GCA
Uniprot ID
P28676
Uniprot Name
Grancalcin
Molecular Weight
24009.85 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Grancalcin [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Calcium-binding protein involved in exocytosis of vesicles filled with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Probably acts upstream of fusion in the biogenesis or maintenance of mature secretory vesicles. Regulates catecholamine loading of DCVs. May specifically mediate the Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of large dense-core vesicles (DCVs) and other dense-core vesicles by acting as a PtdIns(4,5)P2-binding protein that acts at prefusion step following ATP-dependent priming and participates in DCVs-membrane fusion. However, it may also participate in small clear synaptic vesicles (SVs) exocytosis and it is unclear whether its function is related to Ca(2+) triggering (By similarity)
Specific Function
lipid binding
Gene Name
CADPS
Uniprot ID
Q9ULU8
Uniprot Name
Calcium-dependent secretion activator 1
Molecular Weight
152785.36 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Calcium-dependent secretion activator 1 [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Calmodulin acts as part of a calcium signal transduction pathway by mediating the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels, aquaporins and other proteins through calcium-binding (PubMed:16760425, PubMed:26969752, PubMed:27165696). Calcium-binding is required for the activation of calmodulin (PubMed:16760425, PubMed:26969752, PubMed:27165696, PubMed:35568036). Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-calcium complex are a number of protein kinases, such as myosin light-chain kinases and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II (CaMK2), and phosphatases (PubMed:16760425, PubMed:26969752, PubMed:27165696, PubMed:35568036). Together with CCP110 and centrin, is involved in a genetic pathway that regulates the centrosome cycle and progression through cytokinesis (PubMed:16760425). Mediates calcium-dependent inactivation of CACNA1C (PubMed:26969752). Positively regulates calcium-activated potassium channel activity of KCNN2 (PubMed:27165696)
Specific Function
adenylate cyclase activator activity
Gene Name
CALM2
Uniprot ID
P0DP24
Uniprot Name
Calmodulin-2
Molecular Weight
16837.47 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Calmodulin-2 [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Calmodulin acts as part of a calcium signal transduction pathway by mediating the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels, aquaporins and other proteins through calcium-binding (PubMed:16760425, PubMed:31454269). Calcium-binding is required for the activation of calmodulin (PubMed:16760425, PubMed:31454269, PubMed:35568036). Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-calcium complex are a number of protein kinases, such as myosin light-chain kinases and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II (CaMK2), and phosphatases (PubMed:16760425, PubMed:35568036). Together with CCP110 and centrin, is involved in a genetic pathway that regulates the centrosome cycle and progression through cytokinesis (PubMed:16760425)
Specific Function
adenylate cyclase activator activity
Gene Name
CALM3
Uniprot ID
P0DP25
Uniprot Name
Calmodulin-3
Molecular Weight
16837.47 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Calmodulin-3 [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Calcium-binding protein. Binds one calcium ion per monomer (PubMed:17030513). Can promote differentiation of adipocytes (in vitro) (By similarity). Overexpression in preadipocytes increases their proliferation, enhances adipogenesis and reduces insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (By similarity)
Specific Function
calcium ion binding
Gene Name
S100A16
Uniprot ID
Q96FQ6
Uniprot Name
Protein S100-A16
Molecular Weight
11801.3 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Protein S100-A16 [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Calretinin is a calcium-binding protein which is abundant in auditory neurons
Specific Function
calcium ion binding
Gene Name
CALB2
Uniprot ID
P22676
Uniprot Name
Calretinin
Molecular Weight
31539.62 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Calretinin [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Calcium-binding protein. May play a role in cellular signaling events (Potential)
Specific Function
calcium ion binding
Gene Name
CAPS
Uniprot ID
Q13938
Uniprot Name
Calcyphosin
Molecular Weight
30239.58 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Calcyphosin [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Calcium-binding protein involved in exocytosis of vesicles filled with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Probably acts upstream of fusion in the biogenesis or maintenance of mature secretory vesicles. Regulates neurotrophin release from granule cells leading to regulate cell differentiation and survival during cerebellar development. May specifically mediate the Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of large dense-core vesicles (DCVs) and other dense-core vesicles (By similarity)
Specific Function
lipid binding
Gene Name
CADPS2
Uniprot ID
Q86UW7
Uniprot Name
Calcium-dependent secretion activator 2
Molecular Weight
147733.365 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Calcium-dependent secretion activator 2 [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
During spermatogenesis, may act as a lectin-independent chaperone for specific client proteins such as ADAM3. Required for sperm fertility (By similarity). CALR3 capacity for calcium-binding may be absent or much lower than that of CALR
Specific Function
carbohydrate binding
Gene Name
CALR3
Uniprot ID
Q96L12
Uniprot Name
Calreticulin-3
Molecular Weight
44995.345 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Calreticulin-3 [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Cell surface protein involved in cell-cell-interactions, exocytosis of secretory granules and regulation of signal transmission. Function is isoform-specific. Alpha-type isoforms have a long N-terminus with six laminin G-like domains and play an important role in synaptic signal transmission. Alpha-type isoforms play a role in the regulation of calcium channel activity and Ca(2+)-triggered neurotransmitter release at synapses and at neuromuscular junctions. They play an important role in Ca(2+)-triggered exocytosis of secretory granules in pituitary gland. They may affect their functions at synapses and in endocrine cells via their interactions with proteins from the exocytotic machinery. Likewise, alpha-type isoforms play a role in regulating the activity of postsynaptic NMDA receptors, a subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels. Both alpha-type and beta-type isoforms may play a role in the formation or maintenance of synaptic junctions via their interactions (via the extracellular domains) with neuroligin family members, CBLN1 or CBLN2. In vitro, triggers the de novo formation of presynaptic structures. May be involved in specification of excitatory synapses. Alpha-type isoforms were first identified as receptors for alpha-latrotoxin from spider venom
Specific Function
acetylcholine receptor binding
Gene Name
NRXN1
Uniprot ID
Q9ULB1
Uniprot Name
Neurexin-1
Molecular Weight
161881.53 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Neurexin-1 [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Neuronal calcium sensor, regulator of G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation in a calcium dependent manner. Directly regulates GRK1 (RHOK), but not GRK2 to GRK5. Can substitute for calmodulin (By similarity). Stimulates PI4KB kinase activity (By similarity). Involved in long-term synaptic plasticity through its interaction with PICK1 (By similarity). May also play a role in neuron differentiation through inhibition of the activity of N-type voltage-gated calcium channel (By similarity)
Specific Function
calcium ion binding
Gene Name
NCS1
Uniprot ID
P62166
Uniprot Name
Neuronal calcium sensor 1
Molecular Weight
21878.565 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Neuronal calcium sensor 1 [Link]
Kind
Protein group
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Calmodulin acts as part of a calcium signal transduction pathway by mediating the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels, aquaporins and other proteins through calcium-binding (PubMed:16760425, PubMed:23893133, PubMed:26969752, PubMed:27165696, PubMed:28890335, PubMed:31454269, PubMed:35568036). Calcium-binding is required for the activation of calmodulin (PubMed:16760425, PubMed:23893133, PubMed:26969752, PubMed:27165696, PubMed:28890335, PubMed:31454269, PubMed:35568036). Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-calcium complex are a number of protein kinases, such as myosin light-chain kinases and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II (CaMK2), and phosphatases (PubMed:16760425, PubMed:23893133, PubMed:26969752, PubMed:27165696, PubMed:28890335, PubMed:31454269, PubMed:35568036). Together with CCP110 and centrin, is involved in a genetic pathway that regulates the centrosome cycle and progression through cytokinesis (PubMed:16760425). Is a regulator of voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels (PubMed:31454269). Mediates calcium-dependent inactivation of CACNA1C (PubMed:26969752). Positively regulates calcium-activated potassium channel activity of KCNN2 (PubMed:27165696). Forms a potassium channel complex with KCNQ1 and regulates electrophysiological activity of the channel via calcium-binding (PubMed:25441029). Acts as a sensor to modulate the endoplasmic reticulum contacts with other organelles mediated by VMP1:ATP2A2 (PubMed:28890335)
Specific Function
adenylate cyclase activator activity

Components:
References
  1. UniProt: Calmodulin-1 [Link]

Carriers

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
General Function
Buffers cytosolic calcium. May stimulate a membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase and a 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase
Specific Function
calcium ion binding
Gene Name
CALB1
Uniprot ID
P05937
Uniprot Name
Calbindin
Molecular Weight
30024.82 Da
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
General Function
Not Available
Specific Function
calcium ion binding
Gene Name
S100G
Uniprot ID
P29377
Uniprot Name
Protein S100-G
Molecular Weight
9016.14 Da
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
General Function
Binds water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs (Probable). Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood (Probable). Major zinc transporter in plasma, typically binds about 80% of all plasma zinc (PubMed:19021548). Major calcium and magnesium transporter in plasma, binds approximately 45% of circulating calcium and magnesium in plasma (By similarity). Potentially has more than two calcium-binding sites and might additionally bind calcium in a non-specific manner (By similarity). The shared binding site between zinc and calcium at residue Asp-273 suggests a crosstalk between zinc and calcium transport in the blood (By similarity). The rank order of affinity is zinc > calcium > magnesium (By similarity). Binds to the bacterial siderophore enterobactin and inhibits enterobactin-mediated iron uptake of E.coli from ferric transferrin, and may thereby limit the utilization of iron and growth of enteric bacteria such as E.coli (PubMed:6234017). Does not prevent iron uptake by the bacterial siderophore aerobactin (PubMed:6234017)
Specific Function
antioxidant activity
Gene Name
ALB
Uniprot ID
P02768
Uniprot Name
Albumin
Molecular Weight
69365.94 Da
References
  1. Barrett KE, Barman SM, Boitano S, Brooks HL (2012). Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology (24th ed.). McGraw Hill. [ISBN:978-0-07-17803-2]

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
General Function
Sodium-phosphate symporter which preferentially transports the monovalent form of phosphate with a stoichiometry of two sodium ions per phosphate ion (PubMed:11009570, PubMed:16790504, PubMed:17494632, PubMed:19726692, PubMed:7929240, PubMed:8041748). May play a role in extracellular matrix and cartilage calcification as well as in vascular calcification (PubMed:11009570). Essential for cell proliferation but this function is independent of its phosphate transporter activity (PubMed:19726692)
Specific Function
high-affinity phosphate
Gene Name
SLC20A1
Uniprot ID
Q8WUM9
Uniprot Name
Sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 1
Molecular Weight
73699.01 Da
References
  1. Biber J, Hernando N, Forster I: Phosphate transporters and their function. Annu Rev Physiol. 2013;75:535-50. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-030212-183748. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
General Function
Sodium-phosphate symporter which preferentially transports the monovalent form of phosphate with a stoichiometry of two sodium ions per phosphate ion (PubMed:12205090, PubMed:15955065, PubMed:16790504, PubMed:17494632, PubMed:22327515, PubMed:28722801, PubMed:30704756). Plays a critical role in the determination of bone quality and strength by providing phosphate for bone mineralization (By similarity). Required to maintain normal cerebrospinal fluid phosphate levels (By similarity). Mediates phosphate-induced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VCMCs) and can functionally compensate for loss of SLC20A1 in VCMCs (By similarity)
Specific Function
phosphate transmembrane transporter activity
Gene Name
SLC20A2
Uniprot ID
Q08357
Uniprot Name
Sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 2
Molecular Weight
70391.755 Da
References
  1. Biber J, Hernando N, Forster I: Phosphate transporters and their function. Annu Rev Physiol. 2013;75:535-50. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-030212-183748. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
General Function
Involved in actively transporting phosphate into cells via Na(+) cotransport in the renal brush border membrane (PubMed:12324554, PubMed:20335586, PubMed:26047794, PubMed:8327470). The cotransport has a Na(+):Pi stoichiometry of 3:1 and is electrogenic (By similarity)
Specific Function
identical protein binding
Gene Name
SLC34A1
Uniprot ID
Q06495
Uniprot Name
Sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2A
Molecular Weight
68936.53 Da
References
  1. Biber J, Hernando N, Forster I: Phosphate transporters and their function. Annu Rev Physiol. 2013;75:535-50. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-030212-183748. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
General Function
Involved in actively transporting phosphate into cells via Na(+) cotransport
Specific Function
phosphate ion binding
Gene Name
SLC34A2
Uniprot ID
O95436
Uniprot Name
Sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2B
Molecular Weight
75758.535 Da
References
  1. Biber J, Hernando N, Forster I: Phosphate transporters and their function. Annu Rev Physiol. 2013;75:535-50. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-030212-183748. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
General Function
Involved in actively transporting phosphate into cells via Na(+) cotransport in the renal brush border membrane (PubMed:11880379). The cotransport has a Na(+):Pi stoichiometry of 2:1 and is electroneutral (By similarity)
Specific Function
sodium
Gene Name
SLC34A3
Uniprot ID
Q8N130
Uniprot Name
Sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2C
Molecular Weight
63548.94 Da
References
  1. Kirchheiner J, Meineke I, Muller G, Roots I, Brockmoller J: Contributions of CYP2D6, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 to the biotransformation of E- and Z-doxepin in healthy volunteers. Pharmacogenetics. 2002 Oct;12(7):571-80. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
General Function
Calcium selective cation channel that mediates Ca(2+) uptake in various tissues, including the intestine (PubMed:11097838, PubMed:11248124, PubMed:11278579, PubMed:15184369, PubMed:23612980, PubMed:29258289). Important for normal Ca(2+) ion homeostasis in the body, including bone and skin (By similarity). The channel is activated by low internal calcium level, probably including intracellular calcium store depletion, and the current exhibits an inward rectification (PubMed:15184369). Inactivation includes both a rapid Ca(2+)-dependent and a slower Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent mechanism; the latter may be regulated by phosphorylation. In vitro, is slowly inhibited by Mg(2+) in a voltage-independent manner. Heteromeric assembly with TRPV5 seems to modify channel properties. TRPV5-TRPV6 heteromultimeric concatemers exhibit voltage-dependent gating
Specific Function
calcium channel activity
Gene Name
TRPV6
Uniprot ID
Q9H1D0
Uniprot Name
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6
Molecular Weight
87284.86 Da
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
General Function
Mediates the exchange of one Ca(2+) ion against three to four Na(+) ions across the cell membrane, and thereby contributes to the regulation of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels and Ca(2+)-dependent cellular processes (PubMed:11241183, PubMed:1374913, PubMed:1476165). Contributes to Ca(2+) transport during excitation-contraction coupling in muscle (PubMed:11241183, PubMed:1374913, PubMed:1476165). In a first phase, voltage-gated channels mediate the rapid increase of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels due to release of Ca(2+) stores from the endoplasmic reticulum (PubMed:11241183, PubMed:1374913, PubMed:1476165). SLC8A1 mediates the export of Ca(2+) from the cell during the next phase, so that cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels rapidly return to baseline (PubMed:11241183, PubMed:1374913, PubMed:1476165). Required for normal embryonic heart development and the onset of heart contractions (By similarity)
Specific Function
ankyrin binding
Gene Name
SLC8A1
Uniprot ID
P32418
Uniprot Name
Sodium/calcium exchanger 1
Molecular Weight
108546.06 Da
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
General Function
Constitutively active calcium selective cation channel thought to be involved in Ca(2+) reabsorption in kidney and intestine (PubMed:11549322, PubMed:18768590). Required for normal Ca(2+) reabsorption in the kidney distal convoluted tubules (By similarity). The channel is activated by low internal calcium level and the current exhibits an inward rectification (PubMed:11549322, PubMed:18768590). A Ca(2+)-dependent feedback regulation includes fast channel inactivation and slow current decay (By similarity). Heteromeric assembly with TRPV6 seems to modify channel properties. TRPV5-TRPV6 heteromultimeric concatemers exhibit voltage-dependent gating (By similarity)
Specific Function
calcium channel activity
Gene Name
TRPV5
Uniprot ID
Q9NQA5
Uniprot Name
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 5
Molecular Weight
82560.88 Da
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Cytosolic calcium-activated calcium channel that mediates the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol and thereby plays a key role in triggering muscle contraction following depolarization of T-tubules (PubMed:11741831, PubMed:16163667, PubMed:18268335, PubMed:18650434, PubMed:26115329). Repeated very high-level exercise increases the open probability of the channel and leads to Ca(2+) leaking into the cytoplasm (PubMed:18268335). Can also mediate the release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores in neurons, and may thereby promote prolonged Ca(2+) signaling in the brain. Required for normal embryonic development of muscle fibers and skeletal muscle. Required for normal heart morphogenesis, skin development and ossification during embryogenesis (By similarity)
Specific Function
ATP binding
Gene Name
RYR1
Uniprot ID
P21817
Uniprot Name
Ryanodine receptor 1
Molecular Weight
565170.715 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Ryanodine receptor 1 [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Cytosolic calcium-activated calcium channel that mediates the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol and thereby plays a key role in triggering cardiac muscle contraction. Aberrant channel activation can lead to cardiac arrhythmia. In cardiac myocytes, calcium release is triggered by increased Ca(2+) cytosolic levels due to activation of the L-type calcium channel CACNA1C. The calcium channel activity is modulated by formation of heterotetramers with RYR3. Required for cellular calcium ion homeostasis. Required for embryonic heart development
Specific Function
calcium channel activity
Gene Name
RYR2
Uniprot ID
Q92736
Uniprot Name
Ryanodine receptor 2
Molecular Weight
564562.71 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Ryanodine receptor 2 [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Pore-forming subunit of a heterotetrameric, non-selective cation channel that is permeable to Ca(2+) (PubMed:10517637, PubMed:11959145, PubMed:23212381, PubMed:25820328, PubMed:27754867, PubMed:29425510, PubMed:30004384). Pore-forming subunit of a calcium-permeant ion channel formed by PKD1L2 and PKD1L1 in primary cilia, where it controls cilium calcium concentration, but does not affect cytoplasmic calcium concentration (PubMed:24336289). The channel formed by PKD1L2 and PKD1L1 in primary cilia regulates sonic hedgehog/SHH signaling and GLI2 transcription (PubMed:24336289). Pore-forming subunit of a channel formed by PKD1L2 and PKD1L3 that contributes to sour taste perception in gustatory cells (PubMed:19812697). The heteromeric channel formed by PKD1L2 and PKD1L3 is activated by low pH, but opens only when the extracellular pH rises again (PubMed:23212381). May play a role in the perception of carbonation taste (By similarity). May play a role in the sensory perception of water, via a mechanism that activates the channel in response to dilution of salivary bicarbonate and changes in salivary pH (By similarity)
Specific Function
alpha-actinin binding
Gene Name
PKD2L1
Uniprot ID
Q9P0L9
Uniprot Name
Polycystin-2-like protein 1
Molecular Weight
91981.23 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Polycystic kidney disease 2-like 1 protein [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Cytosolic calcium-activated calcium channel that mediates the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm in muscle and thereby plays a role in triggering muscle contraction (PubMed:12354756, PubMed:9395096). May regulate Ca(2+) release by other calcium channels. Calcium channel that mediates Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum in non-muscle cells. Contributes to cellular calcium ion homeostasis (By similarity). Plays a role in cellular calcium signaling
Specific Function
calcium ion binding
Gene Name
RYR3
Uniprot ID
Q15413
Uniprot Name
Ryanodine receptor 3
Molecular Weight
552037.115 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Ryanodine receptor 3 [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Component of a calcium channel. May act as a sour taste receptor by forming a calcium channel with PKD1L3 in gustatory cells; however, its contribution to sour taste perception is unclear in vivo and may be indirect
Specific Function
calcium channel activity
Gene Name
PKD1L3
Uniprot ID
Q7Z443
Uniprot Name
Polycystin-1-like protein 3
Molecular Weight
195891.885 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Polycystic kidney disease protein 1-like 3 [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Pore-forming subunit of the CatSper complex, a sperm-specific voltage-gated calcium channel that plays a central role in calcium-dependent physiological responses essential for successful fertilization, such as sperm hyperactivation, acrosome reaction and chemotaxis towards the oocyte
Specific Function
calcium-activated cation channel activity
Gene Name
CATSPER1
Uniprot ID
Q8NEC5
Uniprot Name
Cation channel sperm-associated protein 1
Molecular Weight
90090.225 Da
References
  1. UniProt: Cation channel sperm-associated protein 1 [Link]
Kind
Protein group
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Pore-forming, alpha-1C subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel that gives rise to L-type calcium currents (PubMed:11741969, PubMed:12176756, PubMed:12181424, PubMed:15454078, PubMed:15863612, PubMed:16299511, PubMed:17071743, PubMed:17224476, PubMed:20953164, PubMed:23677916, PubMed:24728418, PubMed:26253506, PubMed:27218670, PubMed:29078335, PubMed:29742403, PubMed:30023270, PubMed:30172029, PubMed:34163037, PubMed:7737988, PubMed:8099908, PubMed:8392192, PubMed:9013606, PubMed:9087614, PubMed:9607315). Mediates influx of calcium ions into the cytoplasm, and thereby triggers calcium release from the sarcoplasm (By similarity). Plays an important role in excitation-contraction coupling in the heart. Required for normal heart development and normal regulation of heart rhythm (PubMed:15454078, PubMed:15863612, PubMed:17224476, PubMed:24728418, PubMed:26253506). Required for normal contraction of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels and in the intestine. Essential for normal blood pressure regulation via its role in the contraction of arterial smooth muscle cells (PubMed:28119464). Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group (Probable)
Specific Function
alpha-actinin binding

Components:
References
  1. Catterall WA: Structure and regulation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2000;16:521-55. [Article]
Kind
Protein group
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1A gives rise to P and/or Q-type calcium currents. P/Q-type calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group and are specifically blocked by the spider omega-agatoxin-IVA (AC P54282) (By similarity). They are however insensitive to dihydropyridines (DHP)
Specific Function
amyloid-beta binding

Components:
References
  1. Catterall WA: Structure and regulation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2000;16:521-55. [Article]
Kind
Protein group
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1G gives rise to T-type calcium currents. T-type calcium channels belong to the 'low-voltage activated (LVA)' group and are strongly blocked by mibefradil. A particularity of this type of channel is an opening at quite negative potentials and a voltage-dependent inactivation. T-type channels serve pacemaking functions in both central neurons and cardiac nodal cells and support calcium signaling in secretory cells and vascular smooth muscle. They may also be involved in the modulation of firing patterns of neurons which is important for information processing as well as in cell growth processes.
Specific Function
high voltage-gated calcium channel activity

Components:
References
  1. Catterall WA: Structure and regulation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2000;16:521-55. [Article]
Kind
Protein group
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells (PubMed:30343943). They are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1E gives rise to R-type calcium currents. R-type calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group and are blocked by nickel. They are however insensitive to dihydropyridines (DHP). Calcium channels containing alpha-1E subunit could be involved in the modulation of firing patterns of neurons which is important for information processing
Specific Function
calcium ion binding

Components:
References
  1. Catterall WA: Structure and regulation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2000;16:521-55. [Article]

Drug created at July 06, 2018 21:47 / Updated at October 10, 2024 16:27