Interferon Gamma

Identification

Generic Name

Interferon Gamma

DrugBank Accession Number

DB15753

Background

Interferon gamma is a Type 1 inflammatory cytokine and the only type II interferon. It has antitumor properties, antiviral activities, and important immunoregulatory functions. The interferon is primarily produced by activated T lymphocytes and natural killer cells.

Type

Biotech

Groups

Investigational

Biologic Classification

Protein Based Therapies
Interferons

Protein Chemical Formula

Not Available

Protein Average Weight

Not Available

Sequences

Not Available

Synonyms

• Heberon gamma
• IFNγ
• Recombinant Interferon Gamma

External IDs

• Interferon Gamma

Pharmacology

Indication

Not Available

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Associated Conditions

• Serious infections

Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings

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Pharmacodynamics

Not Available

Mechanism of action

Interferon gamma signals as an antiparallel homodimeric glycoprotein, acting at the complex of interferon gamma receptor 1 (IFNGR1) and IFNGR2 after direct binding to IFNGR1. It activates the JAK/STAT, MAPK, and PI3-Kinase pathways. In addition, Interferon gamma activates macrophages, mediates antiviral and antibacterial immunity, regulates Th1/Th2 balance, and controls cellular proliferation and apoptosis. It is currently being investigated as an antitumor drug, and a therapy for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, chemoresistant pulmonary tuberculosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and atypical pulmonary mycobacteriosis.

This cytokine has been found to have effects such as promotion of host response in antitumor immunity, playing roles in all three phases (elimination, equilibrium, and escape) of cancer immunoediting, directly influencing antiproliferation, apoptosis, and antiangiogenesis on tumor cells, and indirectly influencing antitumor immunity. However, currently there is no approved indication report of using interferon gamma in cancer treatment, indicating that interferon has not yet reached a stage of being a clinically-useful antitumor drug.

Interferon gamma, when administered in combination with interferon alpha-2-beta as part of the HerberFERON therapy, is found to have synergistic effects, with the potential for more favorable pharmacodynamics than either alone. This synergy between interferon alpha and gamma include antiproliferative effects on several cancers.

Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

Not Available

Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects

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Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.

• Approved
• Vet approved
• Nutraceutical
• Illicit
• Withdrawn
• Investigational
• Experimental
• All Drugs

Drug	Interaction
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Aminophylline	The metabolism of Aminophylline can be decreased when combined with Interferon Gamma.
Bromotheophylline	The metabolism of Bromotheophylline can be decreased when combined with Interferon Gamma.
Caffeine	The metabolism of Caffeine can be decreased when combined with Interferon Gamma.
Dyphylline	The metabolism of Dyphylline can be decreased when combined with Interferon Gamma.
Mercaptopurine	The metabolism of Mercaptopurine can be decreased when combined with Interferon Gamma.
Oxtriphylline	The metabolism of Oxtriphylline can be decreased when combined with Interferon Gamma.
Pentoxifylline	The metabolism of Pentoxifylline can be decreased when combined with Interferon Gamma.
Theophylline	The metabolism of Theophylline can be decreased when combined with Interferon Gamma.
Zidovudine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon Gamma is combined with Zidovudine.

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Food Interactions

Not Available

Categories

ATC Codes

L03AB03 — Interferon gamma

• L03AB — Interferons
• L03A — IMMUNOSTIMULANTS
• L03 — IMMUNOSTIMULANTS
• L — ANTINEOPLASTIC AND IMMUNOMODULATING AGENTS

Drug Categories

• Adjuvants, Immunologic
• Antineoplastic and Immunomodulating Agents
• Interferons

Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire

Description

Not Available

Kingdom

Organic Compounds

Super Class

Organic Acids

Class

Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives

Sub Class

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues

Direct Parent

Peptides

Alternative Parents

Not Available

Substituents

Not Available

Molecular Framework

Not Available

External Descriptors

Not Available

Affected organisms

Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII

P050J5FWC5

CAS number

Not Available

References

General References

1. de Weerd NA, Nguyen T: The interferons and their receptors--distribution and regulation. Immunol Cell Biol. 2012 May;90(5):483-91. doi: 10.1038/icb.2012.9. Epub 2012 Mar 13. [Article]
2. McBerry C, Egan CE, Rani R, Yang Y, Wu D, Boespflug N, Boon L, Butcher B, Mirpuri J, Hogan SP, Denkers EY, Aliberti J, Herbert DR: Trefoil factor 2 negatively regulates type 1 immunity against Toxoplasma gondii. J Immunol. 2012 Sep 15;189(6):3078-84. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103374. Epub 2012 Aug 15. [Article]
3. Bello-Rivero I, Garcia-Vega Y, Duncan-Roberts Y, Vazquez-Blomquistc D, Santana-Milian H, Besada-Perez V, Rios-Cabrera M: HeberFERON, a new formulation of IFNs with improved pharmacodynamics: Perspective for cancer treatment. Semin Oncol. 2018 Jan;45(1-2):27-33. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2018.04.007. Epub 2018 May 4. [Article]
4. Tau G, Rothman P: Biologic functions of the IFN-gamma receptors. Allergy. 1999 Dec;54(12):1233-51. doi: 10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00099.x. [Article]

External Links

RxNav

5885

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
4	Completed	Treatment	Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)	1
4	Terminated	Treatment	CGD Gene Mutation / CGD Response to IFNg / Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) / IFN-Gamma Therapy / Immunodeficiency Diseases	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Breast Cancer	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Chronic Prostatitis (CP)	1
3	Completed	Treatment	External Genital Warts / Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infections	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Graft Versus Host Disease (cGvHD) / Malignant Lymphomas	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Melanoma	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Osteopetrosis	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Sepsis / Septic Shock	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

Not Available

Dosage Forms

Not Available

Prices

Not Available

Patents

Not Available

Properties

State

Not Available

Experimental Properties

Not Available

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Drug created at August 11, 2020 22:11 / Updated at October 07, 2021 12:09