Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase

Details

Name
Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase
Synonyms
  • 4.1.1.28
  • AADC
  • DDC
  • DOPA decarboxylase
Gene Name
DDC
Organism
Humans
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0037167|Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase
MNASEFRRRGKEMVDYMANYMEGIEGRQVYPDVEPGYLRPLIPAAAPQEPDTFEDIINDV
EKIIMPGVTHWHSPYFFAYFPTASSYPAMLADMLCGAIGCIGFSWAASPACTELETVMMD
WLGKMLELPKAFLNEKAGEGGGVIQGSASEATLVALLAARTKVIHRLQAASPELTQAAIM
EKLVAYSSDQAHSSVERAGLIGGVKLKAIPSDGNFAMRASALQEALERDKAAGLIPFFMV
ATLGTTTCCSFDNLLEVGPICNKEDIWLHVDAAYAGSAFICPEFRHLLNGVEFADSFNFN
PHKWLLVNFDCSAMWVKKRTDLTGAFRLDPTYLKHSHQDSGLITDYRHWQIPLGRRFRSL
KMWFVFRMYGVKGLQAYIRKHVQLSHEFESLVRQDPRFEICVEVILGLVCFRLKGSNKVN
EALLQRINSAKKIHLVPCHLRDKFVLRFAICSRTVESAHVQRAWEHIKELAADVLRAERE
Number of residues
480
Molecular Weight
53925.815
Theoretical pI
7.21
GO Classification
Functions
amino acid binding / aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase activity / enzyme binding / L-dopa decarboxylase activity / pyridoxal phosphate binding
Processes
catecholamine biosynthetic process / cellular amino acid metabolic process / cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process / cellular response to alkaloid / cellular response to drug / cellular response to growth factor stimulus / circadian rhythm / dopamine biosynthetic process / indolalkylamine biosynthetic process / isoquinoline alkaloid metabolic process / multicellular organismal aging / phytoalexin metabolic process / response to pyrethroid / serotonin biosynthetic process / small molecule metabolic process / synaptic vesicle amine transport
Components
axon / cytosol / extracellular exosome / neuronal cell body / synaptic vesicle
General Function
Pyridoxal phosphate binding
Specific Function
Catalyzes the decarboxylation of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) to dopamine, L-5-hydroxytryptophan to serotonin and L-tryptophan to tryptamine.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane Regions
Not Available
Cellular Location
Not Available
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0011560|Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (DDC)
ATGAACGCAAGTGAATTCCGAAGGAGAGGGAAGGAGATGGTGGATTACGTGGCCAACTAC
ATGGAAGGCATTGAGGGACGCCAGGTCTACCCTGACGTGGAGCCCGGGTACCTGCGGCCG
CTGATCCCTGCCGCTGCCCCTCAGGAGCCAGACACGTTTGAGGACATCATCAACGACGTT
GAGAAGATAATCATGCCTGGGGTGACGCACTGGCACAGCCCCTACTTCTTCGCCTACTTC
CCCACTGCCAGCTCGTACCCGGCCATGCTTGCGGACATGCTGTGCGGGGCCATTGGCTGC
ATCGGCTTCTCCTGGGCGGCAAGCCCAGCATGCACAGAGCTGGAGACTGTGATGATGGAC
TGGCTCGGGAAGATGCTGGAACTACCAAAGGCATTTTTGAATGAGAAAGCTGGAGAAGGG
GGAGGAGTGATCCAGGGAAGTGCCAGTGAAGCCACCCTGGTGGCCCTGCTGGCCGCTCGG
ACCAAAGTGATCCATCGGCTGCAGGCAGCGTCCCCAGAGCTCACACAGGCCGCTATCATG
GAGAAGCTGGTGGCTTACTCATCCGATCAGGCACACTCCTCAGTGGAAAGAGCTGGGTTA
ATTGGTGGAGTGAAATTAAAAGCCATCCCCTCAGATGGCAACTTCGCCATGCGTGCGTCT
GCCCTGCAGGAAGCCCTGGAGAGAGACAAAGCGGCTGGCCTGATTCCTTTCTTTATGGTT
GCCACCCTGGGGACCACAACATGCTGCTCCTTTGACAATCTCTTAGAAGTCGGTCCTATC
TGCAACAAGGAAGACATATGGCTGCACGTTGATGCAGCCTACGCAGGCAGTGCATTCATC
TGCCCTGAGTTCCGGCACCTTCTGAATGGAGTGGAGTTTGCAGATTCATTCAACTTTAAT
CCCCACAAATGGCTATTGGTGAATTTTGACTGTTCTGCCATGTGGGTGAAAAAGAGAACA
GACTTAACGGGAGCCTTTAGACTGGACCCCACTTACCTGAAGCACAGCCATCAGGATTCA
GGGCTTATCACTGACTACCGGCATTGGCAGATACCACTGGGCAGAAGATTTCGCTCTTTG
AAAATGTGGTTTGTATTTAGGATGTATGGAGTCAAAGGACTGCAGGCTTATATCCGCAAG
CATGTCCAGCTGTCCCATGAGTTTGAGTCACTGGTGCGCCAGGATCCCCGCTTTGAAATC
TGTGTGGAAGTCATTCTGGGGCTTGTCTGCTTTCGGCTAAAGGGTTCCAACAAAGTGAAT
GAAGCTCTTCTGCAAAGAATAAACAGTGCCAAAAAAATCCACTTGGTTCCATGTCACCTC
AGGGACAAGTTTGTCCTGCGCTTTGCCATCTGTTCTCGCACGGTGGAATCTGCCCATGTG
CAGCGGGCCTGGGAACACATCAAAGAGCTGGCGGCCGACGTGCTGCGAGCAGAGAGGGAG
TAG
Chromosome Location
7
Locus
7p11
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDP20711
UniProtKB Entry NameDDC_HUMAN
GenBank Protein ID181521
GenBank Gene IDM76180
GenAtlas IDDDC
HGNC IDHGNC:2719
General References
  1. Ichinose H, Kurosawa Y, Titani K, Fujita K, Nagatsu T: Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone encoding human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Nov 15;164(3):1024-30. [Article]
  2. Scherer LJ, McPherson JD, Wasmuth JJ, Marsh JL: Human dopa decarboxylase: localization to human chromosome 7p11 and characterization of hepatic cDNAs. Genomics. 1992 Jun;13(2):469-71. [Article]
  3. Sumi-Ichinose C, Ichinose H, Takahashi E, Hori T, Nagatsu T: Molecular cloning of genomic DNA and chromosomal assignment of the gene for human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, the enzyme for catecholamine and serotonin biosynthesis. Biochemistry. 1992 Mar 3;31(8):2229-38. [Article]
  4. Vassilacopoulou D, Sideris DC, Vassiliou AG, Fragoulis EG: Identification and characterization of a novel form of the human L-dopa decarboxylase mRNA. Neurochem Res. 2004 Oct;29(10):1817-23. [Article]
  5. Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Graves TA, Pepin KH, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Maas J, Jaeger S, Walker R, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, O'Laughlin MD, Schaller ME, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Cordes M, Du H, Sun H, Edwards J, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Andrews S, Isak A, Vanbrunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Lamar B, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Bielicki L, Scott K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Harris A, Strong CM, Hou S, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Leonard S, Rohlfing T, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Abbott A, Minx P, Maupin R, Strowmatt C, Latreille P, Miller N, Johnson D, Murray J, Woessner JP, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Schultz BR, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Nelson JO, Berkowicz N, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Bedell JA, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Chissoe SL, Marra MA, Raymond C, Haugen E, Gillett W, Zhou Y, James R, Phelps K, Iadanoto S, Bubb K, Simms E, Levy R, Clendenning J, Kaul R, Kent WJ, Furey TS, Baertsch RA, Brent MR, Keibler E, Flicek P, Bork P, Suyama M, Bailey JA, Portnoy ME, Torrents D, Chinwalla AT, Gish WR, Eddy SR, McPherson JD, Olson MV, Eichler EE, Green ED, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7. Nature. 2003 Jul 10;424(6945):157-64. [Article]
  6. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [Article]
  7. Le Van Thai A, Coste E, Allen JM, Palmiter RD, Weber MJ: Identification of a neuron-specific promoter of human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase gene. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1993 Mar;17(3-4):227-38. [Article]
  8. Craig SP, Thai AL, Weber M, Craig IW: Localisation of the gene for human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (DDC) to chromosome 7p13-->p11 by in situ hybridisation. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1992;61(2):114-6. [Article]
  9. Bian Y, Song C, Cheng K, Dong M, Wang F, Huang J, Sun D, Wang L, Ye M, Zou H: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome. J Proteomics. 2014 Jan 16;96:253-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014. Epub 2013 Nov 22. [Article]
  10. Giardina G, Montioli R, Gianni S, Cellini B, Paiardini A, Voltattorni CB, Cutruzzola F: Open conformation of human DOPA decarboxylase reveals the mechanism of PLP addition to Group II decarboxylases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Dec 20;108(51):20514-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1111456108. Epub 2011 Dec 5. [Article]
  11. Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [Article]
  12. Chang YT, Sharma R, Marsh JL, McPherson JD, Bedell JA, Knust A, Brautigam C, Hoffmann GF, Hyland K: Levodopa-responsive aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency. Ann Neurol. 2004 Mar;55(3):435-8. [Article]
  13. Pons R, Ford B, Chiriboga CA, Clayton PT, Hinton V, Hyland K, Sharma R, De Vivo DC: Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency: clinical features, treatment, and prognosis. Neurology. 2004 Apr 13;62(7):1058-65. [Article]

Drug Relations

Drug Relations
DrugBank IDNameDrug groupPharmacological action?ActionsDetails
DB00114Pyridoxal phosphateapproved, investigational, nutraceuticalunknowncofactorDetails
DB00190CarbidopaapprovedyesinhibitorDetails
DB01235LevodopaapprovedunknownsubstrateDetails
DB00150Tryptophanapproved, nutraceutical, withdrawnunknownsubstrateDetails
DB00875Flupentixolapproved, investigational, withdrawnnoinducerDetails
DB00915AmantadineapprovedunknowninducerDetails
DB06262Droxidopaapproved, investigationalunknownsubstrateDetails
DB00260CycloserineapprovedunknowninhibitorDetails
DB00968MethyldopaapprovedyesinhibitorDetails
DB12783Benserazideapproved, investigationalyesinhibitorDetails
DB13848Fluorodopa (18F)approved, experimentalunknownsubstrateDetails
DB00968MethyldopaapprovedunknownsubstrateDetails