Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta

Details

Name
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta
Synonyms
  • NR1C2
  • NUC1
  • NUCI
  • Nuclear hormone receptor 1
  • Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group C member 2
  • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta
  • PPAR-beta
  • PPAR-delta
  • PPARB
Gene Name
PPARD
Organism
Humans
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0002005|Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta
MEQPQEEAPEVREEEEKEEVAEAEGAPELNGGPQHALPSSSYTDLSRSSSPPSLLDQLQM
GCDGASCGSLNMECRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRMKLEYEKCERSCKIQKK
NRNKCQYCRFQKCLALGMSHNAIRFGRMPEAEKRKLVAGLTANEGSQYNPQVADLKAFSK
HIYNAYLKNFNMTKKKARSILTGKASHTAPFVIHDIETLWQAEKGLVWKQLVNGLPPYKE
ISVHVFYRCQCTTVETVRELTEFAKSIPSFSSLFLNDQVTLLKYGVHEAIFAMLASIVNK
DGLLVANGSGFVTREFLRSLRKPFSDIIEPKFEFAVKFNALELDDSDLALFIAAIILCGD
RPGLMNVPRVEAIQDTILRALEFHLQANHPDAQYLFPKLLQKMADLRQLVTEHAQMMQRI
KKTETETSLHPLLQEIYKDMY
Number of residues
441
Molecular Weight
49902.99
Theoretical pI
7.65
GO Classification
Functions
DNA binding / drug binding / linoleic acid binding / lipid binding / RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding / sequence-specific DNA binding / steroid hormone receptor activity / transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding / zinc ion binding
Processes
adipose tissue development / apoptotic process / apoptotic signaling pathway / axon ensheathment / cell differentiation / cell proliferation / cell-substrate adhesion / cellular response to hypoxia / cholesterol metabolic process / decidualization / embryo implantation / fatty acid beta-oxidation / fatty acid catabolic process / fatty acid transport / gene expression / generation of precursor metabolites and energy / glucose metabolic process / glucose transport / intracellular receptor signaling pathway / keratinocyte migration / keratinocyte proliferation / lipid metabolic process / negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation / negative regulation of myoblast differentiation / negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter / negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated / positive regulation of fat cell differentiation / positive regulation of myoblast proliferation / positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling / positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration / positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated / regulation of satellite cell proliferation / regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter / transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter / wound healing
Components
nucleoplasm / nucleus
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Ligand-activated transcription factor. Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Has a preference for poly-unsaturated fatty acids, such as gamma-linoleic acid and eicosapentanoic acid. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to promoter elements of target genes. Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription activator for the acyl-CoA oxidase gene. Decreases expression of NPC1L1 once activated by a ligand.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane Regions
Not Available
Cellular Location
Nucleus
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0019047|Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD)
ATGGAGCAGCCACAGGAGGAAGCCCCTGAGGTCCGGGAAGAGGAGGAGAAAGAGGAAGTG
GCAGAGGCAGAAGGAGCCCCAGAGCTCAATGGGGGACCACAGCATGCACTTCCTTCCAGC
AGCTACACAGACCTCTCCCGGAGCTCCTCGCCACCCTCACTGCTGGACCAACTGCAGATG
GGCTGTGACGGGGCCTCATGCGGCAGCCTCAACATGGAGTGCCGGGTGTGCGGGGACAAG
GCATCGGGCTTCCACTACGGTGTTCATGCATGTGAGGGGTGCAAGGGCTTCTTCCGTCGT
ACGATCCGCATGAAGCTGGAGTACGAGAAGTGTGAGCGCAGCTGCAAGATTCAGAAGAAG
AACCGCAACAAGTGCCAGTACTGCCGCTTCCAGAAGTGCCTGGCACTGGGCATGTCACAC
AACGCTATCCGTTTTGGTCGGATGCCGGAGGCTGAGAAGAGGAAGCTGGTGGCAGGGCTG
ACTGCAAACGAGGGGAGCCAGTACAACCCACAGGTGGCCGACCTGAAGGCCTTCTCCAAG
CACATCTACAATGCCTACCTGAAAAACTTCAACATGACCAAAAAGAAGGCCCGCAGCATC
CTCACCGGCAAAGCCAGCCACACGGCGCCCTTTGTGATCCACGACATCGAGACATTGTGG
CAGGCAGAGAAGGGGCTGGTGTGGAAGCAGTTGGTGAATGGCCTGCCTCCCTACAAGGAG
ATCAGCGTGCACGTCTTCTACCGCTGCCAGTGCACCACAGTGGAGACCGTGCGGGAGCTC
ACTGAGTTCGCCAAGAGCATCCCCAGCTTCAGCAGCCTCTTCCTCAACGACCAGGTTACC
CTTCTCAAGTATGGCGTGCACGAGGCCATCTTCGCCATGCTGGCCTCTATCGTCAACAAG
GACGGGCTGCTGGTAGCCAACGGCAGTGGCTTTGTCACCCGTGAGTTCCTGCGCAGCCTC
CGCAAACCCTTCAGTGATATCATTGAGCCTAAGTTTGAATTTGCTGTCAAGTTCAACGCC
CTGGAACTTGATGACAGTGACCTGGCCCTATTCATTGCGGCCATCATTCTGTGTGGAGAC
CGGCCAGGCCTCATGAACGTTCCACGGGTGGAGGCTATCCAGGACACCATCCTGCGTGCC
CTCGAATTCCACCTGCAGGCCAACCACCCTGATGCCCAGTACCTCTTCCCCAAGCTGCTG
CAGAAGATGGCTGACCTGCGGCAACTGGTCACCGAGCACGCCCAGATGATGCAGCGGATC
AAGAAGACCGAAACCGAGACCTCGCTGCACCCTCTGCTCCAGGAGATCTACAAGGACATG
TACTAA
Chromosome Location
6
Locus
6p21.2-p21.1
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDQ03181
UniProtKB Entry NamePPARD_HUMAN
GenBank Protein ID190230
GenBank Gene IDL07592
GenAtlas IDPPARD
HGNC IDHGNC:9235
General References
  1. Schmidt A, Endo N, Rutledge SJ, Vogel R, Shinar D, Rodan GA: Identification of a new member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily that is activated by a peroxisome proliferator and fatty acids. Mol Endocrinol. 1992 Oct;6(10):1634-41. [Article]
  2. Skogsberg J, Kannisto K, Roshani L, Gagne E, Hamsten A, Larsson C, Ehrenborg E: Characterization of the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta gene and its expression. Int J Mol Med. 2000 Jul;6(1):73-81. [Article]
  3. Kobayashi T, Kodani Y, Nozawa A, Endo Y, Sawasaki T: DNA-binding profiling of human hormone nuclear receptors via fluorescence correlation spectroscopy in a cell-free system. FEBS Lett. 2008 Aug 6;582(18):2737-44. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.07.003. Epub 2008 Jul 11. [Article]
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  6. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [Article]
  7. van der Veen JN, Kruit JK, Havinga R, Baller JF, Chimini G, Lestavel S, Staels B, Groot PH, Groen AK, Kuipers F: Reduced cholesterol absorption upon PPARdelta activation coincides with decreased intestinal expression of NPC1L1. J Lipid Res. 2005 Mar;46(3):526-34. Epub 2004 Dec 16. [Article]
  8. Xu HE, Lambert MH, Montana VG, Parks DJ, Blanchard SG, Brown PJ, Sternbach DD, Lehmann JM, Wisely GB, Willson TM, Kliewer SA, Milburn MV: Molecular recognition of fatty acids by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Mol Cell. 1999 Mar;3(3):397-403. [Article]
  9. Takada I, Yu RT, Xu HE, Lambert MH, Montana VG, Kliewer SA, Evans RM, Umesono K: Alteration of a single amino acid in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR alpha) generates a PPAR delta phenotype. Mol Endocrinol. 2000 May;14(5):733-40. [Article]
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  12. Fyffe SA, Alphey MS, Buetow L, Smith TK, Ferguson MA, Sorensen MD, Bjorkling F, Hunter WN: Reevaluation of the PPAR-beta/delta ligand binding domain model reveals why it exhibits the activated form. Mol Cell. 2006 Jan 6;21(1):1-2. [Article]
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  15. Oyama T, Toyota K, Waku T, Hirakawa Y, Nagasawa N, Kasuga JI, Hashimoto Y, Miyachi H, Morikawa K: Adaptability and selectivity of human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pan agonists revealed from crystal structures. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2009 Aug;65(Pt 8):786-95. doi: 10.1107/S0907444909015935. Epub 2009 Jul 10. [Article]
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Drug Relations

Drug Relations
DrugBank IDNameDrug groupPharmacological action?ActionsDetails
DB00374Treprostinilapproved, investigationalyesagonistDetails
DB00605Sulindacapproved, investigationalunknownnegative modulatorDetails
DB03338Heptyl glucosideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB00159Icosapentapproved, nutraceuticalyesagonistDetails
DB04801cis-Vaccenic acidexperimentalunknownDetails
DB05188KD3010investigationalunknownDetails
DB05187ElafibranorinvestigationalunknownDetails
DB01393Bezafibrateapproved, investigationalyesagonistDetails
DB07070(2S)-2-{3-[({[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbonyl}amino)methyl]-4-methoxybenzyl}butanoic acidexperimentalunknownDetails
DB076912-({[3-(3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-ylsulfonyl)phenyl]carbonyl}amino)benzoic acidexperimentalunknownDetails
DB07724IndeglitazarexperimentalunknownDetails
DB08078{4-[3-(4-acetyl-3-hydroxy-2-propylphenoxy)propoxy]phenoxy}acetic acidexperimentalunknownDetails
DB09462Glycerinapproved, investigationalyesagonistDetails
DB09006ClinofibrateexperimentalunknownDetails
DB00412Rosiglitazoneapproved, investigationalunknownDetails
DB00197Troglitazoneapproved, investigational, withdrawnunknownDetails
DB00132alpha-Linolenic acidapproved, investigational, nutraceuticalunknownDetails
DB04224Oleic Acidapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownDetails
DB05416CardarineinvestigationalunknownagonistDetails
DB02746Phthalic AcidexperimentalunknownDetails
DB00313Valproic acidapproved, investigationalunknownDetails
DB13873Fenofibric acidapprovedunknownunknownDetails
DB13961Fish oilapproved, nutraceuticalunknownregulatorDetails