Crofelemer

Identification

Summary

Crofelemer is an antidiarrheal agent used for the symptomatic relief of drug-induced non-infectious diarrhea in adult patients with HIV/AIDS receiving antiretroviral therapy.

Brand Names
Mytesi
Generic Name
Crofelemer
DrugBank Accession Number
DB04941
Background

Crofelemer, previously known as the investigational drug SP-303, is a novel proanthocyanidin purified from the bark latex of the Amazonian Croton tree Croton lechleri. It is marketed under the brand name Fulyzaq and indicated for the symptomatic treatment of non-infectious diarrhea in adult patients with HIV/AIDS who are taking antiretroviral therapy.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Synonyms
  • Crofelemer
External IDs
  • NP-303
  • SP 303
  • SP-303
  • TRN-002

Pharmacology

Indication

For the symptomatic treatment of non-infectious diarrhea in adult patients with HIV/AIDS who are taking antiretroviral therapy.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Symptomatic treatment ofNon-infectious diarrhea•••••••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Crofelemer is an inhibitor of secretory diarrhea via inhibition of the CFTR chloride transporter. Crofelemer is not an antimicrobial, and therefore does not drive the emergence of resistance; it does not inhibit motility, and therefore does not cause constipation or rebound diarrhea; and it is not systemically absorbed, reducing the potential for adverse drug interactions and toxicity.

Mechanism of action

Crofelemer is an inhibitor of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator chloride channel (CFTR), as evidenced by its activity on cell cultures, single cell patch clamps, single CFTR channels, and elaboration of mouse intestinal fluid secretion. Crofelemer also inhibits calcium activated chloride channels (CaCC), which in combination with CFTR, are expressed on the luminal side of intestinal cells. Crofelemer inhibition of both of these channels prevents water loss from diarrhea by inhibiting chloride secretion.

TargetActionsOrganism
AAnoctamin-1
antagonist
Humans
ACystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
antagonist
Humans
Absorption

The absorption of crofelemer is minimal and crofelemer concentrations in plasma are below the level of quantitation (50 ng/mL).

Volume of distribution

Since crofelemer is not significantly absorbed, volume of distribution was not quantified.

Protein binding

Since crofelemer is not significantly absorbed, protein binding was not quantified.

Metabolism

Since crofelemer is not significantly absorbed, no metabolites have been identified.

Route of elimination

Since crofelemer is not significantly absorbed, the route of elimination has not been identified.

Half-life

Since crofelemer is not significantly absorbed, the half life was not determined.

Clearance

Since crofelemer is not significantly absorbed, clearance was not determined.

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

The most common adverse effects are cough, flatulence, upper respiratory tract infection, bronchitis, and increased bilirubin.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Not Available
Food Interactions
  • Take with or without food.

Products

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International/Other Brands
Provir / Virend
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
FulyzaqTablet, coated125 mg/1OralSalix Pharmaceuticals2012-12-312017-12-31US flag
MytesiTablet, coated125 mg/1OralNapo Pharmaceuticals, Inc.2016-08-01Not applicableUS flag

Categories

ATC Codes
A07XA06 — Crofelemer
Drug Categories
Classification
Not classified
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
PY79D6C8RX
CAS number
148465-45-6

References

General References
  1. Crutchley RD, Miller J, Garey KW: Crofelemer, a novel agent for treatment of secretory diarrhea. Ann Pharmacother. 2010 May;44(5):878-84. doi: 10.1345/aph.1M658. Epub 2010 Apr 13. [Article]
KEGG Drug
D03605
PubChem Substance
347909853
RxNav
1364449
ChEMBL
CHEMBL2108184
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Crofelemer
FDA label
Download (357 KB)
MSDS
Download (566 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Tablet, coatedOral125 mg/1
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US7341744No2008-03-112020-11-14US flag
US8962680No2015-02-242031-10-31US flag
US8574634No2013-11-052018-01-11US flag
US7323195No2008-01-292018-06-07US flag
US9585868No2017-03-072031-10-31US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
Not Available
Predicted Properties
Not Available
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
Not Available
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Not Available

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Voltage-gated chloride channel activity
Specific Function
Calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) which plays a role in transepithelial anion transport and smooth muscle contraction. Required for the normal functioning of the interstitial cells of Cajal...
Gene Name
ANO1
Uniprot ID
Q5XXA6
Uniprot Name
Anoctamin-1
Molecular Weight
114077.215 Da
References
  1. Tradtrantip L, Namkung W, Verkman AS: Crofelemer, an antisecretory antidiarrheal proanthocyanidin oligomer extracted from Croton lechleri, targets two distinct intestinal chloride channels. Mol Pharmacol. 2010 Jan;77(1):69-78. doi: 10.1124/mol.109.061051. Epub 2009 Oct 6. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Pdz domain binding
Specific Function
Involved in the transport of chloride ions. May regulate bicarbonate secretion and salvage in epithelial cells by regulating the SLC4A7 transporter. Can inhibit the chloride channel activity of ANO...
Gene Name
CFTR
Uniprot ID
P13569
Uniprot Name
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
Molecular Weight
168139.895 Da
References
  1. Tradtrantip L, Namkung W, Verkman AS: Crofelemer, an antisecretory antidiarrheal proanthocyanidin oligomer extracted from Croton lechleri, targets two distinct intestinal chloride channels. Mol Pharmacol. 2010 Jan;77(1):69-78. doi: 10.1124/mol.109.061051. Epub 2009 Oct 6. [Article]

Drug created at October 21, 2007 22:23 / Updated at February 21, 2021 18:51