Keyhole limpet hemocyanin

Identification

Generic Name
Keyhole limpet hemocyanin
DrugBank Accession Number
DB05299
Background

Keyhole limpet hemocyanin is an immune modulator, given as a vaccine to help the body respond to cancer. A natural protein isolated from the marine mollusc keyhole limpet. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin is an immunogenic carrier protein that, in vivo, increases antigenic immune responses to haptens and other weak antigens such as idiotype proteins.

Type
Biotech
Groups
Approved, Investigational
Biologic Classification
Protein Based Therapies
Other protein based therapies
Protein Chemical Formula
Not Available
Protein Average Weight
Not Available
Sequences
Not Available
Synonyms
  • KLH

Pharmacology

Indication

Investigated for use/treatment in bladder cancer and solid tumors.

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Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Not Available

Mechanism of action

Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) is generally a very efficient coupling agent. It is the most common carrier protein used in the preparation of hapten conjugates. KLH is composed of five subunits. It is lysine rich with a large number of available primary amines to facilitate conjugation, antibody production and promote peptide attachment after dissociation.

TargetActionsOrganism
UInterleukin-2Not AvailableHumans
Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism
Not Available
Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Not Available
Food Interactions
Not Available

Categories

Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
Not Available
Kingdom
Organic Compounds
Super Class
Organic Acids
Class
Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
Sub Class
Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues
Direct Parent
Peptides
Alternative Parents
Not Available
Substituents
Not Available
Molecular Framework
Not Available
External Descriptors
Not Available
Affected organisms
Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
FV4Y0JO2CX
CAS number
Not Available

References

General References
  1. McFadden DW, Riggs DR, Jackson BJ, Ng A, Cunningham C: Keyhole limpet hemocyanin potentiates standard immunotherapy for melanoma. Am J Surg. 2007 Feb;193(2):284-7. [Article]
PubChem Substance
347910062
Wikipedia
Keyhole_limpet_hemocyanin

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
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PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCountStart DateWhy Stopped100+ additional columns
Not AvailableCompletedTreatmentChronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection / Cirrhosis of the Liver1somestatusstop reasonjust information to hide
Not AvailableCompletedTreatmentHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections1somestatusstop reasonjust information to hide
Not AvailableRecruitingOtherImmune Responses1somestatusstop reasonjust information to hide
Not AvailableTerminatedNot AvailableCancer1somestatusstop reasonjust information to hide
4CompletedNot AvailableMultiple Sclerosis1somestatusstop reasonjust information to hide

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
Not Available
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Liquid
Experimental Properties
Not Available

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Cytokine produced by activated CD4-positive helper T-cells and to a lesser extend activated CD8-positive T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells that plays pivotal roles in the immune response and tolerance (PubMed:6438535). Binds to a receptor complex composed of either the high-affinity trimeric IL-2R (IL2RA/CD25, IL2RB/CD122 and IL2RG/CD132) or the low-affinity dimeric IL-2R (IL2RB and IL2RG) (PubMed:16293754, PubMed:16477002). Interaction with the receptor leads to oligomerization and conformation changes in the IL-2R subunits resulting in downstream signaling starting with phosphorylation of JAK1 and JAK3 (PubMed:7973659). In turn, JAK1 and JAK3 phosphorylate the receptor to form a docking site leading to the phosphorylation of several substrates including STAT5 (PubMed:8580378). This process leads to activation of several pathways including STAT, phosphoinositide-3-kinase/PI3K and mitogen-activated protein kinase/MAPK pathways (PubMed:25142963). Functions as a T-cell growth factor and can increase NK-cell cytolytic activity as well (PubMed:6608729). Promotes strong proliferation of activated B-cells and subsequently immunoglobulin production (PubMed:6438535). Plays a pivotal role in regulating the adaptive immune system by controlling the survival and proliferation of regulatory T-cells, which are required for the maintenance of immune tolerance. Moreover, participates in the differentiation and homeostasis of effector T-cell subsets, including Th1, Th2, Th17 as well as memory CD8-positive T-cells
Specific Function
carbohydrate binding
Gene Name
IL2
Uniprot ID
P60568
Uniprot Name
Interleukin-2
Molecular Weight
17627.52 Da

Drug created at November 18, 2007 18:23 / Updated at October 26, 2023 09:40