Explore a selection of our essential drug information below, or:
Identification
- Generic Name
- Keyhole limpet hemocyanin
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB05299
- Background
Keyhole limpet hemocyanin is an immune modulator, given as a vaccine to help the body respond to cancer. A natural protein isolated from the marine mollusc keyhole limpet. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin is an immunogenic carrier protein that, in vivo, increases antigenic immune responses to haptens and other weak antigens such as idiotype proteins.
- Type
- Biotech
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Biologic Classification
- Protein Based Therapies
Other protein based therapies - Protein Chemical Formula
- Not Available
- Protein Average Weight
- Not Available
- Sequences
- Not Available
- Synonyms
- KLH
Pharmacology
- Indication
Investigated for use/treatment in bladder cancer and solid tumors.
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Not Available
- Mechanism of action
Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) is generally a very efficient coupling agent. It is the most common carrier protein used in the preparation of hapten conjugates. KLH is composed of five subunits. It is lysine rich with a large number of available primary amines to facilitate conjugation, antibody production and promote peptide attachment after dissociation.
Target Actions Organism UInterleukin-2 Not Available Humans - Absorption
Not Available
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Not Available
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- Not Available
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- Not Available
- Kingdom
- Organic Compounds
- Super Class
- Organic Acids
- Class
- Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
- Sub Class
- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues
- Direct Parent
- Peptides
- Alternative Parents
- Not Available
- Substituents
- Not Available
- Molecular Framework
- Not Available
- External Descriptors
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- FV4Y0JO2CX
- CAS number
- Not Available
References
- General References
- McFadden DW, Riggs DR, Jackson BJ, Ng A, Cunningham C: Keyhole limpet hemocyanin potentiates standard immunotherapy for melanoma. Am J Surg. 2007 Feb;193(2):284-7. [Article]
- External Links
- PubChem Substance
- 347910062
- Wikipedia
- Keyhole_limpet_hemocyanin
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count Start Date Why Stopped 100+ additional columns Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample dataNot Available Completed Treatment Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection / Cirrhosis of the Liver 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Treatment Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Recruiting Other Immune Responses 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Terminated Not Available Cancer 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide 4 Completed Not Available Multiple Sclerosis 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
- Not Available
- Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Liquid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Cytokine produced by activated CD4-positive helper T-cells and to a lesser extend activated CD8-positive T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells that plays pivotal roles in the immune response and tolerance (PubMed:6438535). Binds to a receptor complex composed of either the high-affinity trimeric IL-2R (IL2RA/CD25, IL2RB/CD122 and IL2RG/CD132) or the low-affinity dimeric IL-2R (IL2RB and IL2RG) (PubMed:16293754, PubMed:16477002). Interaction with the receptor leads to oligomerization and conformation changes in the IL-2R subunits resulting in downstream signaling starting with phosphorylation of JAK1 and JAK3 (PubMed:7973659). In turn, JAK1 and JAK3 phosphorylate the receptor to form a docking site leading to the phosphorylation of several substrates including STAT5 (PubMed:8580378). This process leads to activation of several pathways including STAT, phosphoinositide-3-kinase/PI3K and mitogen-activated protein kinase/MAPK pathways (PubMed:25142963). Functions as a T-cell growth factor and can increase NK-cell cytolytic activity as well (PubMed:6608729). Promotes strong proliferation of activated B-cells and subsequently immunoglobulin production (PubMed:6438535). Plays a pivotal role in regulating the adaptive immune system by controlling the survival and proliferation of regulatory T-cells, which are required for the maintenance of immune tolerance. Moreover, participates in the differentiation and homeostasis of effector T-cell subsets, including Th1, Th2, Th17 as well as memory CD8-positive T-cells
- Specific Function
- carbohydrate binding
- Gene Name
- IL2
- Uniprot ID
- P60568
- Uniprot Name
- Interleukin-2
- Molecular Weight
- 17627.52 Da
Drug created at November 18, 2007 18:23 / Updated at October 26, 2023 09:40