Carbon dioxide

Identification

Summary

Carbon dioxide is a naturally-occurring gas used as a insufflation gas during minimally invasive surgeries to enlarge and stabilize body cavities to provide better visibility of the surgical area.

Generic Name
Carbon dioxide
DrugBank Accession Number
DB09157
Background

Carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless gas vital to life on Earth. This naturally occurring chemical compound is composed of a carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. Medical Carbon Dioxide is a liquefied medicinal gas, supplied in cylinders filled to a high pressure. Medical Carbon Dioxide may be used in different situations, e.g. during bodily investigations, to inflate body cavities during surgery (such as key-hole surgery), and in solid form (dry ice) for freezing of tissue and removal of warts.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational, Vet approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 44.0095
Monoisotopic: 43.989829244
Chemical Formula
CO2
Synonyms
  • Carbon dioxide
External IDs
  • E-290
  • INS NO.290
  • INS-290

Pharmacology

Indication

Carbon dioxide is commonly used as an insufflation gas for minimal invasive surgery (laparoscopy, endoscopy, and arthroscopy) to enlarge and stabilize body cavities to provide better visibility of the surgical area. It has been used also in cryotherapy and as respiratory stimulant before and after anesthesia. It could be used also in expansion of blood vessels if required, to increase carbon dioxide level after rapid breathing, and to stimulate breathing after a period of nonbreathing.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Treatment ofHypoplastic left heart syndrome (hlhs)•••••••••••••••
Treatment ofLaryngeal injuries•••••••••••••••
Associated Therapies
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Data not found.

Mechanism of action

Data not found.

Absorption

Data not found.

Volume of distribution

Data not found.

Protein binding

No protein binding data.

Metabolism

Not metabolized.

Route of elimination

Data not found.

Half-life

Data not found.

Clearance

Data not found.

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Signs of intoxication have been produced by a 30-minute exposure at 50,000 ppm , and a few minutes exposure at 70,000 to 100,000 ppm produces unconsciousness.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Not Available
Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

Drug product information from 10+ global regions
Our datasets provide approved product information including:
dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.
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Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Air 90% Carbon Dioxide 10%Gas100 mL/1LRespiratory (inhalation)A-OX WELDING SUPPLY CO., INC.2015-03-11Not applicableUS flag
Carbon DioxideGas99 L/100LRespiratory (inhalation)Norco, Inc.2008-09-01Not applicableUS flag
Carbon DioxideGas991 mL/1LRespiratory (inhalation)NexAir, LLC1996-06-01Not applicableUS flag
Carbon DioxideGas992 mL/1LRespiratory (inhalation)Matheson Tri-Gas, Inc.1987-01-01Not applicableUS flag
Carbon DioxideGas99 L/100LRespiratory (inhalation)U.S. Oxygen And Supply, Llc2012-11-15Not applicableUS flag
Over the Counter Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Carbon DioxideGas990 mL/1LRespiratory (inhalation)AGL Inhalation Therapy Co.1966-01-012010-07-19US flag
Carbon Dioxide 99%Gas99.0 %Air Products Canada Ltd/LtÉe.1988-12-312003-06-13Canada flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
CarbogenCarbon dioxide (50 %) + Oxygen (50 %)GasRespiratory (inhalation)MESSER COLOMBIA S.A.1995-12-31Not applicableCanada flag
Carbon Dioxide 1% W AirCarbon dioxide (15 %) + Medical air (85 %)GasRespiratory (inhalation)Liquid Carbonic Inc.1990-12-311998-06-09Canada flag
Carbon Dioxide 1% W OxygenCarbon dioxide (7 %) + Oxygen (93 %)GasRespiratory (inhalation)Liquid Carbonic Inc.1990-12-311998-06-09Canada flag
Carbon Dioxide 12.1% W OxygenCarbon dioxide (23 %) + Oxygen (77 %)GasRespiratory (inhalation)Praxair, Inc.1990-12-31Not applicableCanada flag
Carbon Dioxide 15.1% W AirCarbon dioxide (30 %) + Medical air (70 %)GasRespiratory (inhalation)Liquid Carbonic Inc.1990-12-311998-06-09Canada flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
CarbogenCarbon dioxide (5 mL/1L) + Oxygen (95 mL/1L)GasRespiratory (inhalation)Westair Gases & Equipment, Inc.2000-01-01Not applicableUS flag
Carbon DioxideCarbon dioxide (992 mL/1L)GasIntraperitoneal; Respiratory (inhalation); Soft tissueAirgas Usa, Llc1997-11-062012-08-10US flag
Carbon DioxideCarbon dioxide (992 mL/1L)GasRespiratory (inhalation)Airgas Norpac Inc.1983-01-01Not applicableUS flag
Carbon DioxideCarbon dioxide (990 mL/1L)GasRespiratory (inhalation)Abco Welding And Industrial Supply Inc2010-05-01Not applicableUS flag
Carbon DioxideCarbon dioxide (990 mL/1L)GasRespiratory (inhalation)Nordan Smith Welding Supply1994-01-12Not applicableUS flag

Categories

ATC Codes
V03AN02 — Carbon dioxide
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as other non-metal oxides. These are inorganic compounds containing an oxygen atom of an oxidation state of -2, in which the heaviest atom bonded to the oxygen belongs to the class of 'other non-metals'.
Kingdom
Inorganic compounds
Super Class
Homogeneous non-metal compounds
Class
Other non-metal organides
Sub Class
Other non-metal oxides
Direct Parent
Other non-metal oxides
Alternative Parents
Inorganic oxides
Substituents
Inorganic oxide / Other non-metal oxide
Molecular Framework
Not Available
External Descriptors
one-carbon compound, carbon oxide (CHEBI:16526) / a small molecule (CARBON-DIOXIDE)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
142M471B3J
CAS number
124-38-9
InChI Key
CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/CO2/c2-1-3
IUPAC Name
methanedione
SMILES
O=C=O

References

General References
  1. Cheong JY, Keshava A, Witting P, Young CJ: Effects of Intraoperative Insufflation With Warmed, Humidified CO2 during Abdominal Surgery: A Review. Ann Coloproctol. 2018 Jun;34(3):125-137. doi: 10.3393/ac.2017.09.26. Epub 2018 Jun 30. [Article]
  2. product leaflet [Link]
  3. product info [Link]
  4. FDA Compliance Program Guidance Manual: Compressed Medical Gases [Link]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0001967
KEGG Drug
D00004
KEGG Compound
C00011
PubChem Compound
280
PubChem Substance
310265070
ChemSpider
274
RxNav
2034
ChEBI
16526
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1231871
PharmGKB
PA448801
PDBe Ligand
CO2
Wikipedia
Carbon_dioxide
PDB Entries
1e5h / 1kek / 1krc / 1r3q / 2bgi / 2c3y / 2fvy / 2h31 / 2i61 / 2olq
show 131 more

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
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PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCountStart DateWhy Stopped100+ additional columns
Not AvailableCompletedDiagnosticHysteroscopy, Distension Medium, Pain1somestatusstop reasonjust information to hide
Not AvailableCompletedOtherAdverse Effect of Unspecified General Anesthetics / Exposure to Environmental Pollution1somestatusstop reasonjust information to hide
Not AvailableCompletedPreventionValve Disease, Aortic1somestatusstop reasonjust information to hide
Not AvailableCompletedTreatmentBypass Complications / Dilatation of Anastomosis / Obesity1somestatusstop reasonjust information to hide
Not AvailableRecruitingBasic ScienceBrain Disorders / Children, Only / Sickle Cell Anemia / Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)1somestatusstop reasonjust information to hide

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
GasRespiratory (inhalation)100 mL/1L
GasIntragastric99 L/100L
GasIntraperitoneal; Respiratory (inhalation); Soft tissue992 mL/1L
GasRespiratory (inhalation)1 L/1L
GasRespiratory (inhalation)1 g/1g
GasRespiratory (inhalation)1000 mL/1L
GasRespiratory (inhalation)900 mL/1L
GasRespiratory (inhalation)99 L/100L
GasRespiratory (inhalation)99 kg/100kg
GasRespiratory (inhalation)990 g/1kg
GasRespiratory (inhalation)990 mL/1L
GasRespiratory (inhalation)991 mL/1L
GasRespiratory (inhalation)992 mL/1L
GasRespiratory (inhalation)995 mL/1L
GasRespiratory (inhalation)998 mL/1L
GasRespiratory (inhalation)100 %
Gas99.0 %
GasRespiratory (inhalation)200 mL/1L
GasRespiratory (inhalation)50 mL/1L
GasRespiratory (inhalation)
GasRespiratory (inhalation)99 %
LiquidCutaneous992 mL/1L
GasNasal99 % v/v
GasSubcutaneous99 %
GasRespiratory (inhalation)
GasRespiratory (inhalation)99.5 %
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility186.0 mg/mLALOGPS
logP-0.63ALOGPS
logP-0.28Chemaxon
logS0.63ALOGPS
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area34.14 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count0Chemaxon
Refractivity6.38 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability2.57 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings0Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleYesChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-0006-9000000000-9afc44eaa1fe34c4f458
GC-MS Spectrum - EI-BGC-MSsplash10-0006-9000000000-ffb540455919d1e43969
Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)MSsplash10-0006-9000000000-e1cf88df1066f206d01f
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-9000000000-a1e091bb1f5fa6e9cbc7
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-9000000000-a1e091bb1f5fa6e9cbc7
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-9000000000-a1e091bb1f5fa6e9cbc7
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-9000000000-a1e091bb1f5fa6e9cbc7
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-9000000000-a1e091bb1f5fa6e9cbc7
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-9000000000-a1e091bb1f5fa6e9cbc7
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-113.18719
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M-H]-113.18719
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+114.99412
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+114.99412
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+122.227005
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+122.227005
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Drug created at October 02, 2015 17:00 / Updated at October 13, 2024 00:21