Sodium hydroxide
Identification
- Name
- Sodium hydroxide
- Accession Number
- DB11151
- Description
Sodium hydroxide is also known as lye or soda , or caustic soda 6.
At room temperature, sodium hydroxide is a white crystalline odorless solid that absorbs moisture from the air. It is a synthetically manufactured substance. When dissolved in water or neutralized with acid it releases substantial amounts of heat, which may prove sufficient to ignite combustible materials. Sodium hydroxide is highly corrosive 2.
Sodium hydroxide is generally used as a solid or a diluted in a 50% solution. This chemical is used to manufacture soaps, rayon, paper, explosives, dyestuffs, and petroleum products 2.
It is also used in processing cotton fabric, laundering and bleaching, metal cleaning and processing, oxide coating, electroplating, and electrolytic extracting. It is commonly found in commercial drain/ oven cleaners 2. According to the the FDA, sodium hydroxide is considered a direct food recognized as safe, where it serves as a pH control agent and follows good manufacturing guidelines 3.
Interestingly, sodium hydroxide has been studied for its use in the treatment of prion disease (as occurs in mad cow disease and kuru). The use of this compound has been shown to effectively reduce prion levels in an in vitro inactivation assay 1.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
Structure for Sodium hydroxide (DB11151)
- Weight
- Average: 39.9971
Monoisotopic: 39.992509329 - Chemical Formula
- HNaO
- Synonyms
- caustic soda
- lye
- soda lye
- sodio hidróxido
- sodium hydrate
- white caustic
- External IDs
- E-524
- INS-524
- NSC-135799
Pharmacology
- Indication
Used to destroy or kill the nail matrix (matrixectomies) 4.
- Associated Conditions
- Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Learn about our commercial Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings data.
Learn More- Pharmacodynamics
Sodium Hydroxide 10% forms a strongly alkaline and caustic solution. As a caustic agent, it is used to destroy organic tissue by chemical action 4.
- Mechanism of action
Because of its high-level alkalinity, sodium hydroxide in aqueous solution directly causes bond breakage in proteins (especially disulfide bridges). Hair and fingernails are found to be dissolved after 20 hours of direct contact with sodium hydroxide at pH values higher than 9.2 8.
Sodium hydroxide has depilatory effects which have been described after accidental contact with solutions in the workplace. The breakage of bonds in proteins may lead to severe necrosis to the application site. The level of corrosion depends on the period of contact with the tissue, and on the concentration of sodium hydroxide 8.
- Absorption
There are no quantitative data for the absorption of sodium hydroxide through the skin. Solutions which contain 50 % sodium hydroxide have been shown to be corrosive and lethal when applied dermally to mice 9.
- Volume of distribution
- Not Available
- Protein binding
- Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
- Not Available
- Half-life
- Not Available
- Clearance
- Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Learn about our commercial Adverse Effects data.
Learn More- Toxicity
Human poisoning cases indicate that a dose of 10 grams orally is fatal 5. Sodium hydroxide is toxic by oral ingestion 2.
Sodium hydroxide is corrosive to all tissues. Concentrated vapors lead to serious damage to the eyes and respiratory system. Oral ingestion of sodium hydroxide, which occurs frequently in children, causes severe tissue necrosis, with stricture formation of the esophagus, often resulting in death. Contact with the skin may result in contact dermatitis, hair loss, as well as necrosis due to severe irritation 7.
Increased incidence of esophageal carcinoma after severe intoxication with sodium hydroxide has been reported in man. In animal studies, long-term dermal contact with substances leading to pH changes in the skin causes the development of tumors, as a result of severe tissue irritation and reparative cell growth 9.
Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells. May cause damage to the following organs: mucous membranes, upper respiratory tract, skin, eyes MSDS. Tumors are not to be expected if the effects of irritation are prevented 9.
To date, there are no relevant studies of the prenatal toxic effects of sodium hydroxide 9.
- Affected organisms
- Humans
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
- Active Moieties
Name Kind UNII CAS InChI Key Sodium cation ionic LYR4M0NH37 17341-25-2 FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Unlock Additional DataSodium Hydroxide Liquid .01 g/1g Topical Gordon Laboratories 2010-07-16 Not applicable US 
Additional Data Available- Application NumberApplication NumberAvailable for Purchase
A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller.
Learn more - Product CodeProduct CodeAvailable for Purchase
A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.
Learn more
- Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Antibacterial Hand Sanitizer Sodium hydroxide (0.03 1/1001) + Pyrithione zinc (0.15 1/1001) + Sodium chloride (0.8 1/1001) Liquid Topical SHANTOU WBM TRADING CO., LTD. 2020-03-19 Not applicable US Antibacterial Hand Sanitizer Sodium hydroxide (0.03 1/1001) + Pyrithione zinc (0.15 1/1001) + Sodium chloride (0.8 1/1001) Liquid Topical SHANTOU WBM TRADING CO., LTD. 2020-03-19 Not applicable US Vamin N Sodium hydroxide (200 mg) + Alanine (300 mg) + Arginine (330 mg) + Aspartic acid (410 mg) + Calcium chloride (36.8 mg) + Cysteine (140 mg) + Glutamic acid (900 mg) + Glycine (210 mg) + Histidine (240 mg) + Isoleucine (390 mg) + L-Lysine (390 mg) + Leucine (530 mg) + Magnesium sulfate (37 mg) + Methionine (190 mg) + Phenylalanine (550 mg) + Potassium chloride (37.5 mg) + Potassium hydroxide (97 mg) + Proline (810 mg) + Serine (750 mg) + Threonine (300 mg) + Tryptophan (100 mg) + Tyrosine (50 mg) + Valine (425 mg) Solution Intravenous Fresenius Kabi Ab 1995-12-31 2006-07-17 Canada 
- Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Sodium Hydroxide Sodium hydroxide (.01 g/1g) Liquid Topical Gordon Laboratories 2010-07-16 Not applicable US
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as alkali metal hydroxides. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest oxoanion is hydroxide, and in which the heaviest atom not in an oxoanion is an alkali metal.
- Kingdom
- Inorganic compounds
- Super Class
- Mixed metal/non-metal compounds
- Class
- Alkali metal oxoanionic compounds
- Sub Class
- Alkali metal hydroxides
- Direct Parent
- Alkali metal hydroxides
- Alternative Parents
- Inorganic sodium salts / Inorganic oxides / Inorganic hydrides
- Substituents
- Alkali metal hydroxide / Inorganic hydride / Inorganic oxide / Inorganic salt / Inorganic sodium salt
- Molecular Framework
- Not Available
- External Descriptors
- alkali metal hydroxide (CHEBI:32145)
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 55X04QC32I
- CAS number
- 1310-73-2
- InChI Key
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M
- InChI
- InChI=1S/Na.H2O/h;1H2/q+1;/p-1
- IUPAC Name
- sodium hydroxide
- SMILES
- [OH-].[Na+]
References
- General References
- Bauman PA, Lawrence LA, Biesert L, Dichtelmuller H, Fabbrizzi F, Gajardo R, Groner A, Jorquera JI, Kempf C, Kreil TR, von Hoegen I, Pifat DY, Petteway SR Jr, Cai K: Critical factors influencing prion inactivation by sodium hydroxide. Vox Sang. 2006 Jul;91(1):34-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2006.00790.x. [PubMed:16756599]
- Sodium Hydroxide, PubChem [Link]
- FDA document, Sodium Hydroxide [Link]
- Sodium Hydroxide Solution [Link]
- EPA, Sodium Hydroxide [Link]
- Chemical Safety Facts, Sodium Hydroxide [Link]
- SODIUM HYDROXIDE [Link]
- Sodium Hydroxide [Link]
- Chlorine and sodium hydroxide [Link]
- External Links
- KEGG Compound
- C12569
- PubChem Compound
- 14798
- PubChem Substance
- 347827921
- ChemSpider
- 14114
- 9880
- ChEBI
- 32145
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL2105794
- Wikipedia
- Sodium_hydroxide
- MSDS
- Download (50.8 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Treatment Endocrine ophthalmopathy 1 4 Completed Treatment Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) / Psoriasis 1 3 Completed Treatment Illness, Critical 1 Not Available Completed Prevention Pain 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Injection, solution Intravenous 10.5 g/1000ml Solution Intravenous 2.453 g Liquid Topical Solution Intravenous 701 mg/100ml Injection, emulsion Intravenous 1.17 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous 1.56 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous 1.755 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous 2.34 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous 3.12 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous 3.51 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous 4.68 g Gel Topical 1.1 g/100g Emulsion Intravenous 20 mg Emulsion Intravenous 16 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous 3.88 g/1000ml Emulsion Parenteral 20 g/l Emulsion Parenteral 3.88 g Emulsion Intravenous 88 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous 120 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous 160 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous 4.66 g/1000ml Emulsion Parenteral 1.872 g/l Emulsion Parenteral 0.222 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous 150 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous 225 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous 300 g Emulsion Parenteral 6.792 g/l Emulsion Intravenous 6.792 mg Emulsion Intravenous 150 g Emulsion Intravenous 225 g Emulsion Parenteral 2.4 g/l Emulsion Parenteral 2.88 g/l Injection, emulsion Intravenous 5.82 g/1250ml Emulsion Intravenous 4.656 g Emulsion Parenteral 6.792 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous 4.25 g/625ml Emulsion Intravenous 6.792 g Injection, solution Intravenous 4.85 g/1000ml Solution Parenteral 0.5 g Injection, solution Intravenous 5.82 g/1000ml Injection, solution Intravenous 11.64 g/2000ml Solution Parenteral 1.56 g Injection, solution 0.6 g/L Solution Parenteral 4.54 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous 120 g/1875ml Injection, emulsion Intravenous 160 g/2500ml Injection, emulsion Intravenous 80 g/1250ml Injection, emulsion Intravenous 150 g/1250ml Injection, emulsion Intravenous 225 g/1875ml Injection, emulsion Intravenous 300 g/2500ml Injection, emulsion Intravenous 180 g/1250ml Injection, emulsion Intravenous 270 g/1875ml Injection, emulsion Intravenous 360 g/2500ml Injection, emulsion Intravenous 11.64 g/2500ml Injection, emulsion Intravenous 8.73 g/1875ml Injection, emulsion Intravenous 90 g/625ml Injection, solution Intravenous 2.6 g/1000ml Liquid Topical .01 g/1g Solution Intravenous 50 g Solution Ophthalmic 1 mL Solution Intravenous - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 323 MSDS boiling point (°C) 1388 MSDS water solubility easily soluble in cold water, hot water MSDS - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source logP -0.77 ChemAxon pKa (Strongest Acidic) 15.7 ChemAxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -1.8 ChemAxon Physiological Charge 0 ChemAxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 0 ChemAxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 ChemAxon Polar Surface Area 0 Å2 ChemAxon Rotatable Bond Count 0 ChemAxon Refractivity 0 m3·mol-1 ChemAxon Polarizability 1.78 Å3 ChemAxon Number of Rings 0 ChemAxon Bioavailability 1 ChemAxon Rule of Five Yes ChemAxon Ghose Filter No ChemAxon Veber's Rule Yes ChemAxon MDDR-like Rule No ChemAxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Not Available
Drug created on December 03, 2015 09:51 / Updated on June 12, 2020 10:53