Homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2 promotes apoptosis by downregulating the transcriptional corepressor CtBP.
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Zhang Q, Yoshimatsu Y, Hildebrand J, Frisch SM, Goodman RH
Homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2 promotes apoptosis by downregulating the transcriptional corepressor CtBP.
Cell. 2003 Oct 17;115(2):177-86.
- PubMed ID
- 14567915 [ View in PubMed]
- Abstract
Genetic knockout of the transcriptional corepressor CtBP in mouse embryo fibroblasts upregulates several genes involved in apoptosis. We predicted, therefore, that a propensity toward apoptosis might be regulated through changes in cellular CtBP. To identify pathways involved in this regulation, we screened a mouse embryo cDNA library with an E1A-CtBP complex and identified the homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2), which had previously been linked to UV-directed apoptosis through its ability to phosphorylate p53. Expression of HIPK2 or exposure to UV irradiation reduced CtBP levels via a proteosome-mediated pathway. The UV effect was prevented by coexpression of kinase-inactive HIPK2 or reduction in HIPK2 levels via siRNA. Mutation of the residue phosphorylated by HIPK2 prevented UV- and HIPK2-directed CtBP clearance. Finally, reduction in CtBP levels, either by genetic knockout or siRNA, promoted apoptosis in p53-deficient cells. These findings provide a pathway for UV-induced apoptosis in cells lacking p53.