In vitro evaluation of total venom-antivenin immune complex formation and binding parameters relevant to antivenin protection against venom toxicity and lethality based on size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography.

Article Details

Citation Copy to clipboard

Sanny CG

Toxicon. 2011 May;57(6):871-81. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.03.003. Epub 2011 Mar 15.

PubMed ID

21392522 [ View in PubMed

]

Abstract

Total venom-antivenin immune complex formation and binding parameters relevant to antivenin protection against venom toxicity and lethality can be evaluated using size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC). Simple integration of regions within SE-HPLC elution profiles was used to compare binding characteristics of Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab (Ovine) antivenin (FabAV) and Crotalus atrox (western diamondback rattlesnake; C. atrox), C. varidis varidis (prairie rattlesnake; C. v. v.), Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix (southern copperhead; A. c. c.), and A. piscivorus leukostoma (western cottonmouth; A. p. l.) venom. Areas associated with bound venom and antivenin ({Area(bnd)}) were evaluated using a logistic dose-response equation to estimate EC(50) and {Area(bnd)}(max). The relative magnitudes of EC(50), which inversely reflect venom-antivenin binding affinity, were C. atrox > C. v. v. > A. c. c. > A. p. l. Less than 50% of FabAV appeared to be reactive with each of the venoms based on {Area(bnd)}(max). Data was also consistent with FabAV binding to multiple sites on polyvalent antigens within the venoms. Evaluation of immune complex formation using SE-HPLC was compared to neutralization of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activity of C. atrox, A. c. c., and A. p. l. venom by FabAV as reported in the literature. Maximum neutralization of PLA(2) activity occurred, in general, prior to maximum immune complex formation. Venom-antivenin binding at EC(50) determined via SE-HPLC appeared to be greater than binding associated with neutralization of venom lethality in mice based on LD(50) and ED(50) reported by others. SE-HPLC analysis of venom-antivenin binding could provide a priori information, relevant to reducing the use of animals in evaluating antivenin protection against venom-induced toxicity and lethality.

DrugBank Data that Cites this Article

Drug Enzymes

Drug	Enzyme	Kind	Organism	Pharmacological Action	Actions
Crotalus atrox antivenin	Group 10 secretory phospholipase A2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Inhibitor	Details