Possible Biological and Clinical Applications of Phenothiazines.

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Varga B, Csonka A, Csonka A, Molnar J, Amaral L, Spengler G

Possible Biological and Clinical Applications of Phenothiazines.

Anticancer Res. 2017 Nov;37(11):5983-5993. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.12045.

PubMed ID

29061777 [ View in PubMed

]

Abstract

Phenothiazines have been used in many areas of medicine, mainly in psychopharmacology. These compounds are able to effectively inhibit dopamine, histamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and alpha-adrenergic receptors; thus, their effect and side-effect profiles are extremely diverse. Besides their antipsychotic activity, phenothiazines have a significant antimicrobial effect as well, since they can enhance the bactericidal function of macrophages and inhibit efflux pumps. They are also able to eliminate bacterial resistance plasmids and destroy bacteria by their membrane-destabilizing effect. Their antiviral, antiprotozoal, antifungal, and antiprion activities have also been described. Phenothiazines have also been proven to destroy cancer cells and sensitize them to chemotherapy. Anti-angiogenesis and anticancer stem cell activities have also been reported, and they might be applied as adjuvants in the treatment of infections and tumors in the future. Finally, phenothiazines can also be effective in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

DrugBank Data that Cites this Article

Drug Targets

Drug	Target	Kind	Organism	Pharmacological Action	Actions
Pipotiazine	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Protein	Humans	Yes	Antagonist	Details
Pipotiazine	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Protein	Humans	Yes	Antagonist	Details

Drug Interactions

Drugs	Interaction
Integrate drug-drug interactions in your software
Epinephrine Promethazine	Promethazine may decrease the vasoconstricting activities of Epinephrine.