In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of coronary thrombosis using a fibrin-binding molecular magnetic resonance contrast agent.

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Botnar RM, Buecker A, Wiethoff AJ, Parsons EC Jr, Katoh M, Katsimaglis G, Weisskoff RM, Lauffer RB, Graham PB, Gunther RW, Manning WJ, Spuentrup E

In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of coronary thrombosis using a fibrin-binding molecular magnetic resonance contrast agent.

Circulation. 2004 Sep 14;110(11):1463-6. Epub 2004 Jul 6.

PubMed ID
15238457 [ View in PubMed
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The advent of fibrin-binding molecular magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents and advances in coronary MRI techniques offers the potential for direct imaging of coronary thrombosis. We tested the feasibility of this approach using a gadolinium (Gd)-based fibrin-binding contrast agent, EP-2104R (EPIX Medical Inc), in a swine model of coronary thrombus and in-stent thrombosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ex vivo and in vivo sensitivity of coronary MR thrombus imaging was tested by use of intracoronarily delivered Gd-DTPA-labeled fibrinogen thrombi (n=6). After successful demonstration, in-stent coronary thrombosis was induced by x-ray-guided placement of thrombogenic-coated, MR-lucent stents (n=5). After stent placement, 60 micromol of EP-2104R was injected via the left main coronary artery. Free-breathing, navigator-gated 3D coronary MR angiography and thrombus imaging were performed (1) before and after stent placement and (2) before and after EP-2104R. Thrombi were confirmed by x-ray angiography and autopsy. Fibrinogen thrombi: 5 of 6 intracoronarily delivered Gd-labeled fibrinogen clots (approximately 250 micromol/L Gd) were visible on MRI and subsequently confirmed by x-ray angiography. In-stent thrombi: in-stent thrombosis was observed in all stents after EP-2104R. Four of 5 thrombi were confirmed by x-ray angiography. Chemical analysis of 2 thrombi demonstrated 99 to 147 micromol/L Gd. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate the feasibility of MRI of coronary thrombus and in-stent thrombosis using a novel fibrin-binding molecular MR contrast agent. Potential applications include detection of coronary in-stent thrombosis or thrombus burden in patients with acute coronary syndromes.

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