Determination of imidacloprid in water samples via photochemically induced fluorescence and second-order multivariate calibration.

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Fuentes E, Cid C, Baez ME

Determination of imidacloprid in water samples via photochemically induced fluorescence and second-order multivariate calibration.

Talanta. 2015 Mar;134:8-15. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.11.017. Epub 2014 Nov 15.

PubMed ID
25618634 [ View in PubMed
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Abstract

This paper presents a new method for the determination of imidacloprid in water samples; one of the most widely used neonicotinoid pesticides in the farming industry. The method is based on the measurement of excitation-emission spectra of photo-induced fluorescence (PIF-EEMs) associated with second-order multivariate calibration with a parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and unfolded partial least squares coupled to residual bilinearization (U-PLS/RBL). The second order advantage permitted the determination of imidacloprid in the presence of potential interferences, which also shows photo-induced fluorescence (other pesticides and/or unexpected compounds of the real samples). The photoreaction was performed in 100-mul disposable micropipettes. As a preliminary step, solid phase extraction on C18 (SPE-C18) was applied to concentrate the analyte and diminish the limit of detection. The LOD was approximately 1 ng mL(-1), which is suitable for detecting imidacloprid in water according to the guidelines established in North America and Europe. The PIF-EEMs coupled to PARAFAC or U-PLS/RBL was successfully applied for the determination of imidacloprid in different real water samples, with an average recovery of 101+/-10%.

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