Parathyroid hormone

Details

Name
Parathyroid hormone
Kind
protein
Synonyms
  • Parathormone
  • Parathyrin
  • PTH
Gene Name
PTH
UniProtKB Entry
P01270Swiss-Prot
Organism
Humans
NCBI Taxonomy ID
9606
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0012312|Parathyroid hormone
MIPAKDMAKVMIVMLAICFLTKSDGKSVKKRSVSEIQLMHNLGKHLNSMERVEWLRKKLQ
DVHNFVALGAPLAPRDAGSQRPRKKEDNVLVESHEKSLGEADKADVNVLTKAKSQ
Number of residues
115
Molecular Weight
12861.0
Theoretical pI
10.49
GO Classification
Functions
receptor ligand activity / type 1 parathyroid hormone receptor binding
Processes
activation of phospholipase C activity / adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / bone mineralization / G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue / intracellular calcium ion homeostasis / macromolecule biosynthetic process / magnesium ion homeostasis / negative regulation of apoptotic process in bone marrow cell / negative regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation / negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation / negative regulation of gene expression / phosphate ion homeostasis / positive regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow / positive regulation of gene expression / positive regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic process / positive regulation of osteoclast proliferation / positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II / response to xenobiotic stimulus / transcription by RNA polymerase II
General Function
PTH elevates calcium level by dissolving the salts in bone and preventing their renal excretion. Stimulates [1-14C]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblastic cells
Specific Function
Hormone activity
Pfam Domain Function
Signal Regions
1-25
Transmembrane Regions
Not Available
Cellular Location
Secreted
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0012313|Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
ATGATACCTGCAAAAGACATGGCTAAAGTTATGATTGTCATGTTGGCAATTTGTTTTCTT
ACAAAATCGGATGGGAAATCTGTTAAGAAGAGATCTGTGAGTGAAATACAGCTTATGCAT
AACCTGGGAAAACATCTGAACTCGATGGAGAGAGTAGAATGGCTGCGTAAGAAGCTGCAG
GATGTGCACAATTTTGTTGCCCTTGGAGCTCCTCTAGCTCCCAGAGATGCTGGTTCCCAG
AGGCCCCGAAAAAAGGAAGACAATGTCTTGGTTGAGAGCCATGAAAAAAGTCTTGGAGAG
GCAGACAAAGCTGATGTGAATGTATTAACTAAAGCTAAATCCCAGTGA
Chromosome Location
11
Locus
11p15.3
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDP01270
UniProtKB Entry NamePTHY_HUMAN
GenBank Gene IDV00597
GeneCard IDPTH
GenAtlas IDPTH
HGNC IDHGNC:9606
PDB ID(s)1BWX, 1ET1, 1FVY, 1HPH, 1HPY, 1HTH, 1ZWA, 1ZWB, 1ZWD, 1ZWE, 1ZWF, 1ZWG, 2L1X, 3C4M, 7VVK, 7VVL, 7VVM, 7VVN, 7VVO, 7Y36, 8FLQ, 8HA0, 8HAO, 8T5F
KEGG IDhsa:5741
NCBI Gene ID5741
General References
  1. Hendy GN, Kronenberg HM, Potts JT Jr, Rich A: Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNAs encoding human preproparathyroid hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Dec;78(12):7365-9. [Article]
  2. Vasicek TJ, McDevitt BE, Freeman MW, Fennick BJ, Hendy GN, Potts JT Jr, Rich A, Kronenberg HM: Nucleotide sequence of the human parathyroid hormone gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Apr;80(8):2127-31. [Article]
  3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [Article]
  4. Karaplis AC, Lim SK, Baba H, Arnold A, Kronenberg HM: Inefficient membrane targeting, translocation, and proteolytic processing by signal peptidase of a mutant preproparathyroid hormone protein. J Biol Chem. 1995 Jan 27;270(4):1629-35. [Article]
  5. Jacobs JW, Kemper B, Niall HD, Habener JF, Potts JT Jr: Structural analysis of human proparathyroid hormone by a new microsequencing approach. Nature. 1974 May 10;249(453):155-7. [Article]
  6. Zhang Z, Henzel WJ: Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites. Protein Sci. 2004 Oct;13(10):2819-24. Epub 2004 Aug 31. [Article]
  7. Niall HD, Sauer RT, Jacobs JW, Keutmann HT, Segre GV, O'Riordan JL, Aurbach GD, Potts JT Jr: The amino-acid sequence of the amino-terminal 37 residues of human parathyroid hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Feb;71(2):384-8. [Article]
  8. Keutmann HT, Sauer MM, Hendy GN, O'Riordan LH, Potts JT Jr: Complete amino acid sequence of human parathyroid hormone. Biochemistry. 1978 Dec 26;17(26):5723-9. [Article]
  9. Keutmann HT, Niall HD, O'Riordan JL, Potts JT Jr: A reinvestigation of the amino-terminal sequence of human parathyroid hormone. Biochemistry. 1975 May 6;14(9):1842-7. [Article]
  10. Tregear GW, van Rietschoten J, Greene E, Niall HD, Keutmann HT, Parsons JA, O'Riordan JL, Potts JT Jr: Solid-phase synthesis of the biologically active N-terminal 1 - 34 peptide of human parathyroid hormone. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem. 1974 Apr;355(4):415-21. [Article]
  11. Andreatta RH, Hartmann A, Johl A, Kamber B, Maier R, Riniker B, Rittel W, Sieber P: [Synthesis of sequence 1-34 of human parathyroid hormone]. Helv Chim Acta. 1973;56(1):470-3. [Article]
  12. Zoidis E, Ghirlanda-Keller C, Schmid C: Stimulation of glucose transport in osteoblastic cells by parathyroid hormone and insulin-like growth factor I. Mol Cell Biochem. 2011 Feb;348(1-2):33-42. doi: 10.1007/s11010-010-0634-z. Epub 2010 Nov 13. [Article]
  13. Klaus W, Dieckmann T, Wray V, Schomburg D, Wingender E, Mayer H: Investigation of the solution structure of the human parathyroid hormone fragment (1-34) by 1H NMR spectroscopy, distance geometry, and molecular dynamics calculations. Biochemistry. 1991 Jul 16;30(28):6936-42. [Article]
  14. Barden JA, Cuthbertson RM: Stabilized NMR structure of human parathyroid hormone(1-34). Eur J Biochem. 1993 Jul 15;215(2):315-21. [Article]
  15. Marx UC, Austermann S, Bayer P, Adermann K, Ejchart A, Sticht H, Walter S, Schmid FX, Jaenicke R, Forssmann WG, et al.: Structure of human parathyroid hormone 1-37 in solution. J Biol Chem. 1995 Jun 23;270(25):15194-202. [Article]
  16. Marx UC, Adermann K, Bayer P, Forssmann WG, Rosch P: Solution structures of human parathyroid hormone fragments hPTH(1-34) and hPTH(1-39) and bovine parathyroid hormone fragment bPTH(1-37). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Jan 7;267(1):213-20. [Article]
  17. Jin L, Briggs SL, Chandrasekhar S, Chirgadze NY, Clawson DK, Schevitz RW, Smiley DL, Tashjian AH, Zhang F: Crystal structure of human parathyroid hormone 1-34 at 0.9-A resolution. J Biol Chem. 2000 Sep 1;275(35):27238-44. [Article]
  18. Pioszak AA, Xu HE: Molecular recognition of parathyroid hormone by its G protein-coupled receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Apr 1;105(13):5034-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0801027105. Epub 2008 Mar 28. [Article]
  19. Arnold A, Horst SA, Gardella TJ, Baba H, Levine MA, Kronenberg HM: Mutation of the signal peptide-encoding region of the preproparathyroid hormone gene in familial isolated hypoparathyroidism. J Clin Invest. 1990 Oct;86(4):1084-7. [Article]
  20. Sunthornthepvarakul T, Churesigaew S, Ngowngarmratana S: A novel mutation of the signal peptide of the preproparathyroid hormone gene associated with autosomal recessive familial isolated hypoparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Oct;84(10):3792-6. [Article]
  21. Datta R, Waheed A, Shah GN, Sly WS: Signal sequence mutation in autosomal dominant form of hypoparathyroidism induces apoptosis that is corrected by a chemical chaperone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Dec 11;104(50):19989-94. Epub 2007 Dec 3. [Article]

Associated Data

Drug Relations
DrugDrug groupPharmacological action?TypeActionsDetails
D-norleucineexperimentalunknowntargetDetails
ABX-PTHinvestigationalunknowntargetDetails
Teriparatideapproved, investigationalyestargetmodulatorDetails