Spike glycoprotein

Details

Name
Spike glycoprotein
Synonyms
  • E2
  • Peplomer protein
  • S glycoprotein
Gene Name
S
Organism
SARS-CoV-2
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0052516|Spike glycoprotein
MFVFLVLLPLVSSQCVNLTTRTQLPPAYTNSFTRGVYYPDKVFRSSVLHSTQDLFLPFFS
NVTWFHAIHVSGTNGTKRFDNPVLPFNDGVYFASTEKSNIIRGWIFGTTLDSKTQSLLIV
NNATNVVIKVCEFQFCNDPFLGVYYHKNNKSWMESEFRVYSSANNCTFEYVSQPFLMDLE
GKQGNFKNLREFVFKNIDGYFKIYSKHTPINLVRDLPQGFSALEPLVDLPIGINITRFQT
LLALHRSYLTPGDSSSGWTAGAAAYYVGYLQPRTFLLKYNENGTITDAVDCALDPLSETK
CTLKSFTVEKGIYQTSNFRVQPTESIVRFPNITNLCPFGEVFNATRFASVYAWNRKRISN
CVADYSVLYNSASFSTFKCYGVSPTKLNDLCFTNVYADSFVIRGDEVRQIAPGQTGKIAD
YNYKLPDDFTGCVIAWNSNNLDSKVGGNYNYLYRLFRKSNLKPFERDISTEIYQAGSTPC
NGVEGFNCYFPLQSYGFQPTNGVGYQPYRVVVLSFELLHAPATVCGPKKSTNLVKNKCVN
FNFNGLTGTGVLTESNKKFLPFQQFGRDIADTTDAVRDPQTLEILDITPCSFGGVSVITP
GTNTSNQVAVLYQDVNCTEVPVAIHADQLTPTWRVYSTGSNVFQTRAGCLIGAEHVNNSY
ECDIPIGAGICASYQTQTNSPRRARSVASQSIIAYTMSLGAENSVAYSNNSIAIPTNFTI
SVTTEILPVSMTKTSVDCTMYICGDSTECSNLLLQYGSFCTQLNRALTGIAVEQDKNTQE
VFAQVKQIYKTPPIKDFGGFNFSQILPDPSKPSKRSFIEDLLFNKVTLADAGFIKQYGDC
LGDIAARDLICAQKFNGLTVLPPLLTDEMIAQYTSALLAGTITSGWTFGAGAALQIPFAM
QMAYRFNGIGVTQNVLYENQKLIANQFNSAIGKIQDSLSSTASALGKLQDVVNQNAQALN
TLVKQLSSNFGAISSVLNDILSRLDKVEAEVQIDRLITGRLQSLQTYVTQQLIRAAEIRA
SANLAATKMSECVLGQSKRVDFCGKGYHLMSFPQSAPHGVVFLHVTYVPAQEKNFTTAPA
ICHDGKAHFPREGVFVSNGTHWFVTQRNFYEPQIITTDNTFVSGNCDVVIGIVNNTVYDP
LQPELDSFKEELDKYFKNHTSPDVDLGDISGINASVVNIQKEIDRLNEVAKNLNESLIDL
QELGKYEQYIKWPWYIWLGFIAGLIAIVMVTIMLCCMTSCCSCLKGCCSCGSCCKFDEDD
SEPVLKGVKLHYT
Number of residues
1273
Molecular Weight
141177.29
Theoretical pI
Not Available
GO Classification
Functions
host cell surface receptor binding / identical protein binding
Processes
endocytosis involved in viral entry into host cell / fusion of virus membrane with host endosome membrane / fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane / pathogenesis / receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell / suppression by virus of host tetherin activity / suppression by virus of host type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway / viral entry into host cell
Components
host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane / host cell plasma membrane / integral component of membrane / viral envelope / virion membrane
General Function
Spike protein S1 attaches the virion to the cell membrane by interacting with host receptor, initiating the infection. Binding to human ACE2 receptor and internalization of the virus into the endosomes of the host cell induces conformational changes in the Spike glycoprotein (PubMed:32142651, PubMed:32075877, PubMed:32155444). Uses also human TMPRSS2 for priming in human lung cells which is an essential step for viral entry (PubMed:32142651). Can be alternatively processed by host furin (PubMed:32362314). Proteolysis by cathepsin CTSL may unmask the fusion peptide of S2 and activate membranes fusion within endosomes.
Specific Function
Host cell surface receptor binding
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane Regions
1214-1234
Cellular Location
Virion membrane
Chromosome Location
Not Available
Locus
Not Available
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDP0DTC2
UniProtKB Entry NameSPIKE_SARS2
General References
  1. Wu F, Zhao S, Yu B, Chen YM, Wang W, Song ZG, Hu Y, Tao ZW, Tian JH, Pei YY, Yuan ML, Zhang YL, Dai FH, Liu Y, Wang QM, Zheng JJ, Xu L, Holmes EC, Zhang YZ: A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China. Nature. 2020 Mar;579(7798):265-269. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3. Epub 2020 Feb 3. [Article]
  2. Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, Kruger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S, Schiergens TS, Herrler G, Wu NH, Nitsche A, Muller MA, Drosten C, Pohlmann S: SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor. Cell. 2020 Apr 16;181(2):271-280.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052. Epub 2020 Mar 5. [Article]
  3. Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Pohlmann S: A Multibasic Cleavage Site in the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Is Essential for Infection of Human Lung Cells. Mol Cell. 2020 May 21;78(4):779-784.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.04.022. Epub 2020 May 1. [Article]
  4. Watanabe Y, Allen JD, Wrapp D, McLellan JS, Crispin M: Site-specific glycan analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 spike. Science. 2020 Jul 17;369(6501):330-333. doi: 10.1126/science.abb9983. Epub 2020 May 4. [Article]
  5. Shajahan A, Supekar NT, Gleinich AS, Azadi P: Deducing the N- and O- glycosylation profile of the spike protein of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Glycobiology. 2020 May 4. pii: 5826952. doi: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa042. [Article]
  6. Yan R, Zhang Y, Li Y, Xia L, Guo Y, Zhou Q: Structural basis for the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2. Science. 2020 Mar 27;367(6485):1444-1448. doi: 10.1126/science.abb2762. Epub 2020 Mar 4. [Article]
  7. Wrapp D, Wang N, Corbett KS, Goldsmith JA, Hsieh CL, Abiona O, Graham BS, McLellan JS: Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation. Science. 2020 Mar 13;367(6483):1260-1263. doi: 10.1126/science.abb2507. Epub 2020 Feb 19. [Article]
  8. Walls AC, Park YJ, Tortorici MA, Wall A, McGuire AT, Veesler D: Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein. Cell. 2020 Apr 16;181(2):281-292.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.058. Epub 2020 Mar 9. [Article]
  9. Lan J, Ge J, Yu J, Shan S, Zhou H, Fan S, Zhang Q, Shi X, Wang Q, Zhang L, Wang X: Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor. Nature. 2020 May;581(7807):215-220. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2180-5. Epub 2020 Mar 30. [Article]
  10. Shang J, Ye G, Shi K, Wan Y, Luo C, Aihara H, Geng Q, Auerbach A, Li F: Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2. Nature. 2020 May;581(7807):221-224. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2179-y. Epub 2020 Mar 30. [Article]
  11. Yuan M, Wu NC, Zhu X, Lee CD, So RTY, Lv H, Mok CKP, Wilson IA: A highly conserved cryptic epitope in the receptor binding domains of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. Science. 2020 May 8;368(6491):630-633. doi: 10.1126/science.abb7269. Epub 2020 Apr 3. [Article]

Drug Relations

Drug Relations
DrugBank IDNameDrug groupPharmacological action?ActionsDetails
DB15897EtesevimabinvestigationalyesbinderDetails
DB15718Bamlanivimabapproved, investigationalyesantagonistDetails
DB15691Anti-SARS-CoV-2 REGN-COV2investigationalyesbinderDetails
DB15940Imdevimabapproved, experimentalyesbinderDetails
DB15941Casirivimabapproved, experimentalyesbinderDetails
DB16355Sotrovimabapproved, investigationalunknownbinderDetails
DB16405Regdanvimabapproved, investigationalyesantibodyDetails
DB16393Cilgavimabapproved, investigationalyesbinderDetails
DB16394Tixagevimabapproved, investigationalyesbinderDetails
DB16755Bebtelovimabinvestigational, withdrawnyesantibodyDetails
DB12411BemcentinibinvestigationalyesinhibitorDetails