Structure-based design, synthesis, and characterization of inhibitors of human and Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenases.

Article Details

Citation

Davies M, Heikkila T, McConkey GA, Fishwick CW, Parsons MR, Johnson AP

Structure-based design, synthesis, and characterization of inhibitors of human and Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenases.

J Med Chem. 2009 May 14;52(9):2683-93. doi: 10.1021/jm800963t.

PubMed ID
19351152 [ View in PubMed
]
Abstract

Pyrimidine biosynthesis is an attractive drug target in a variety of organisms, including humans and the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an enzyme catalyzing the only redox reaction of the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, is a well-characterized target for chemotherapeutical intervention. In this study, we have applied SPROUT-LeadOpt, a software package for structure-based drug discovery and lead optimization, to improve the binding of the active metabolite of the anti-inflammatory drug leflunomide to the target cavities of the P. falciparum and human dihydroorotate dehydrogenases. Following synthesis of a library of compounds based upon the SPROUT-optimized molecular scaffolds, a series of inhibitors generally showing good inhibitory activity was obtained, in keeping with the SPROUT-LeadOpt predictions. Furthermore, cocrystal structures of five of these SPROUT-designed inhibitors bound in the ubiquinone binding cavity of the human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase are also analyzed.

DrugBank Data that Cites this Article

Binding Properties
DrugTargetPropertyMeasurementpHTemperature (°C)
(2Z)-2-cyano-N-(2,2'-dichlorobiphenyl-4-yl)-3-hydroxybut-2-enamideDihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone), mitochondrialKi (nM)2.7825Details
(2Z)-2-cyano-N-(2,2'-dichlorobiphenyl-4-yl)-3-hydroxybut-2-enamideDihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone), mitochondrialIC 50 (nM)22825Details
(2Z)-2-cyano-N-(3'-ethoxybiphenyl-4-yl)-3-hydroxybut-2-enamideDihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone), mitochondrialKi (nM)16825Details
(2Z)-2-cyano-N-(3'-ethoxybiphenyl-4-yl)-3-hydroxybut-2-enamideDihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone), mitochondrialIC 50 (nM)130825Details
(2Z)-N-(3-chloro-2'-methoxybiphenyl-4-yl)-2-cyano-3-hydroxybut-2-enamideDihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone), mitochondrialKi (nM)25825Details
(2Z)-N-(3-chloro-2'-methoxybiphenyl-4-yl)-2-cyano-3-hydroxybut-2-enamideDihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone), mitochondrialIC 50 (nM)200825Details
(2Z)-N-biphenyl-4-yl-2-cyano-3-cyclopropyl-3-hydroxyprop-2-enamideDihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone), mitochondrialKi (nM)7825Details
(2Z)-N-biphenyl-4-yl-2-cyano-3-cyclopropyl-3-hydroxyprop-2-enamideDihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone), mitochondrialIC 50 (nM)53825Details
(2Z)-N-biphenyl-4-yl-2-cyano-3-hydroxybut-2-enamideDihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone), mitochondrialKi (nM)11825Details
(2Z)-N-biphenyl-4-yl-2-cyano-3-hydroxybut-2-enamideDihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone), mitochondrialIC 50 (nM)90825Details