Macromolecular Substances
- Name
- Macromolecular Substances
- Accession Number
- DBCAT000809
- Description
Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.
- Drugs
Drug Drug Description Peginterferon alfa-2a A modified form of recombinant human interferon used to stimulate the innate antiviral response in the treatment of hepatitis B and C viruses. Peginterferon alfa-2b A purified form of human interferon used to stimulate the innate antiviral response in the treatment of hepatitis B and C, genital warts, and some cancers. Pegaspargase A modified form of L-asparagine amidohydrolase used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia, which is dependent on an external source of asparagine. Colestipol A bile acid sequestrant used as an adjunct to diet and exercise to reduce LDL-C cholesterol levels in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. Inulin Historically used in an important medical test of renal function, specifically a measure of glomerular filtration rate. Sometimes used to help relieve symptoms of diabetes mellitus - a condition characterised... Icodextrin An iso-osmotic solution used for continuous peritoneal dialysis or automated peritoneal dialysis. Hydroxypropyl cellulose A cellulose ether used to treat dry eyes. Iron Dextran An iron supplement used to treat iron deficiency in patients who cannot take oral iron. Quinidine A medication used to restore normal sinus rhythm, treat atrial fibrillation and flutter, and treat ventricular arrhythmias. Pramlintide An amylin analog used for the management of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus as an adjunct to preprandial insulin therapy in patients without adequate glycemic control of insulin therapy. Tolevamer A potassium-binding resin used in the treatment of hyperkalemia. Cholestyramine A bile acid sequestrant used as an adjunct in the reduction of elevated serum cholesterol in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia, and for the relief of pruritus associated with partial biliary obstruction. Cellobiose A disaccharide consisting of two glucose units in beta (1-4) glycosidic linkage. Obtained from the partial hydrolysis of cellulose. [PubChem] Maltotetraose Not Available Trehalose-6-Phosphate Not Available Cellotetraose Not Available Maltose A dextrodisaccharide from malt and starch. It is used as a sweetening agent and fermentable intermediate in brewing. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Formaldehyde A naturally occurring hazardous organic compound used as a preservative in animal feed, cosmetic products, laboratory procedures, disinfection, and home building products. Crofelemer An antidiarrheal agent used for the symptomatic relief of drug-induced non-infectious diarrhea in adult patients with HIV/AIDS receiving antiretroviral therapy. SP1049C Intended for the treatment of carcinoma of the oesophagus. PEG-uricase Investigated for use/treatment in hyperuricemia. Carbopol 974P Investigated for use/treatment in contraception and HIV prevention. PRO 2000 Investigated for use/treatment in HIV prevention, prevention of stdis, and vaginal infection. LJP 1082 Investigated for use/treatment in autoimmune diseases, strokes, and thrombosis. Maxy-G34 Investigated for use/treatment in adverse effects (chemotherapy) and neutropenics. IT-101 Investigated for use/treatment in cancer/tumors (unspecified) and solid tumors. XMT-1001 Investigated for use/treatment in solid tumors. Sugammadex A modified gamma cyclodextrin used to reverse neuromuscular blockade induced by vecuronium bromide and rocuronium bromide which are agents used for anesthesia. Endostatin Investigated for use/treatment in cancer/tumors (unspecified), macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. Tyloxapol Tyloxapol is an inhaled surfactant that assists in removing and liquefying and removing bronchopulmonary secretions with mucus and pus. Tyloxapol is administered either through nebulized solution or a stream of... Pegsunercept Investigated for use/treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. Sodium cellulose phosphate Sodium cellulose phosphate is used to treat hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria. It has been used to prevent kidney stones. This compound is an ion-exchange resin that can not be absorbed by... Nonoxynol-9 A vaginal spermicide used for the non-hormonal contraception in conjunction with other modes of contraception. Polidocanol A sclerosing agent used for the treatment of uncomplicated spider veins and uncomplicated reticular veins, all less than 3 mm in diameter, in the lower extremity. Povidone-iodine A topical antiseptic agent used for the treatment and prevention of infection in wounds. Peginesatide Peginesatide is used for the treatment of anemia due to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adult patients on dialysis Certolizumab pegol A tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocker used to treat a variety of autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions like Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, active psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, axial spondyloarthritis, and plaque psoriasis. Ferric carboxymaltose An iron replacement therapy used to treat iron deficiency anemia in adults with intolerance or inadequate clinical response to oral iron or those who have non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease. Naloxegol A peripherally-selective opioid antagonist used to treat opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in adult patients with chronic non-cancer pain. Hydroxyethyl Starch A plasma volume substitute used to treat and prevent hypovolemia. Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta A synthetic erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) used to treat anemia associated with chronic kidney disease. Pentastarch A plasma volume expander used as an adjunct in the management of shock due to hemorrhage, surgery, sepsis, burns or other trauma. Peginterferon beta-1a An interferon beta used to treat relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. Pegloticase A recombinant uricase used for the treatment of chronic gout in adult patients refractory to conventional therapy. Dextran A low molecular weight dextran used as an adjunctive treatment of shock or impending shock due to hemorrhage, burns, surgery or other trauma, as well as the prophylaxis of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism during high-risk medical procedures. Patiromer A potassium binder indicated for the treatment of hyperkalemia. Polyethylene glycol A laxative used to treat constipation and used for bowel preparation before colonoscopies and other procedures. Polycarbophil Polycarbophil is used to treat constipation and to help maintain regular bowel movements. Ferumoxsil Not Annotated Ferumoxides Not Annotated Simethicone An anti-flatulence agent used to relieve pressure, bloating, and symptoms referred to as gas. Karaya gum An extract from Karaya gum used in allergy testing. Tragacanth An extract from Tragacanth used in allergy testing. Carob An extract from Carob used in allergy testing. Carboxymethylcellulose A compound used as an ophthalmic lubricant. Polyvinyl alcohol A compound used as an ophthalmic lubricant. Povidone When in complex with iodine, indicated for inducing antisepsis for prevention of infection in minor cuts, scrapes, and burns. Polysorbate 80 It is used as a solubilizer, antimicrobial preservative and disinfectant . Dimethicone An ingredient used to treat dry and irritated eyes. Hypromellose An ingredient used in a wide variety of medications, and is not an approved medication. Polyethylene glycol 400 An ingredient used in a wide variety of medications, and is not an approved medication. Turpentine A medication used to treat minor aches and pains of muscles and joints. Pectin Pectin is used in food as a gelling agent and stabilizer. As a medical drug, it has obtained a great interest in its potential use as a source of dietary... Polyethylene glycol 300 Indicated as a lubricant in over-the-counter ophthalmic solutions to temporarily relieve redness, burning and irritation of the eyes. Rosin An extract from Rosin used in allergy testing. Polysorbate 20 Polysorbate 20 is a polysorbate-type nonionic surfactant used in many commercial, household and pharmaceutical products. It is composed of 20 repeated units of polyethylene glycol via ethoxylation. Polysorbate 20 is... Tolu balsam Not Annotated Methylcellulose A compound used as a bulk forming laxative and is not an approved medication. Poliglusam Poliglusam, or chitosan, is a linear polysaccharide consisting of D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Naturally-occuring poliglusam is found in the cell walls of fungi, soil and sediments where it is produced from... Poloxamer 407 Poloxamer 407 is a polyoxyethylene polymer and hydrophilic non-ionic surfactant. It consists of a central hydrophobic block of polypropylene glycol that is flanked on each side by polyethylene glycol blocks,... Poloxamer 188 A medication used to clean wounds. Gleptoferron Colloid solution of ferric hydroxide, dextran & glucoheptonic acid. Poloxalene Ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolymer is used as a food additive. It belongs to the family of Epoxides. These are compounds containing a cyclic ether with three ring atoms (one oxygen... Balsam of Peru Balsam of Peru is found in diverse cosmetics and perfumes as well as a flavoring agent in cough syrups, lozenges, chewing gum, and candies. As a medical agent, balsam of... Insulin peglispro Not Annotated Drometrizole trisiloxane An UV ray absorbing agent used in sunscreens to protect skin from UV radiation. Starch, corn Corn starch refers to the starch extracted from the corn grain that is commonly used as a food ingredient and chemical additive. Starch is any of a group of polysaccharides... Hydroxyethyl cellulose An ingredient used in formulations to alleviate irritation of the skin. Astodrimer Astodrimer has been used in trials studying the treatment and prevention of Bacterial Vaginosis. It is a lysine-based dendrimer with naphthalene disulfonic acid surface groups. 2-octyl cyanoacrylate Dermabond has been investigated for the basic science of Wound Healing. Trehalose Cabaletta has been used in trials studying the treatment of Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy. Enbucrilate Enbucrilate is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02468206 (Secondary Prophylaxis of Gastric Variceal Bleed). Pegamotecan Pegamotecan has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer of Stomach, Sarcoma, Soft Tissue, and Gastroesophageal Cancer. Sizofiran A beta-D-glucan obtained from the Aphyllophoral fungus Schizophyllum commune. It is used as an immunoadjuvant in the treatment of neoplasms, especially tumors found in the stomach. Sizofiran has been used... Guar gum Not Annotated Sodium apolate Not Annotated Lentinan Not Annotated Dextranomer Not Annotated Oxidized cellulose Not Annotated Nonacog beta pegol A recombinant coagulation Factor IX derivative used to treat hemophilia B. Carbomer homopolymer type C Carbomer homopolymer type C is a high molecular polyanionic substance tested for antiulcerogenic activity. Cyclomethicone Not Annotated Hydroxyethyl ethylcellulose Hydroxyethyl ethylcellulose modulates bacterial binding to salivary pellicle; moderately effective in preventing plaque formation. Microcrystalline cellulose A polysaccharide with glucose units linked as in CELLOBIOSE. It is the chief constituent of plant fibers, cotton being the purest natural form of the substance. As a raw material,... Amber Amber is a plant/plant extract used in some OTC (over-the-counter) products. It is not an approved drug. Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant), PEGylated For the management of hemophilia A (congenital factor VIII deficiency) [FDA label], . This medication is a human antihemophilic factor indicated in adolescent and adult patients (12 years and older)... Calcium polycarbophil A bulk forming laxative used to treat constipation. Triglyme Triethylene glycol dimethyl ether (also called triglyme) is a glycol ether used as a solvent. Triethylene glycol Not Available Betadex Not Available Calaspargase pegol An asparagine specific enzyme used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pegargiminase Investigated for use/treatment in melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Phenyl trimethicone Not Annotated Dextrin 2-sulfate Investigated for use/treatment in HIV prevention. Peginterferon lambda-1a Peginterferon lambda-1a is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01754974 (Safety and Efficacy Study of Peginterferon Lambda-1a vs. Peginterferon Alfa-2a, Plus Ribavirin in Subjects With Genotype 1 Hepatitis C). Polyacrylamide (crosslinked; 2 mole percent bisacrylamide) Polyacrylamide (crosslinked; 2 mole percent bisacrylamide) is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00629083 (Bulking Agents for the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Females). Polydioxanone Polydioxanone is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00998907 (PDS*Plus and Wound Infections After Laparotomy). Polydextrose Polydextrose is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02258750 (Assessing a Polydextrose Containing Soup on Food Intake, Appetite and Biomarkers of Satiation and Satiety). PRM-151 PRM-151 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01981850 (A Phase 2 Study Of PRM-151 In Subjects With Myelofibrosis). Amylopectin Amylopectin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01708694 (Role of Slowly Digesible Starch on Diabetes Risk Factors). Etirinotecan pegol Etirinotecan pegol is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01663012 (Phase II NKTR-102 In Bevacizumab-Resistant High Grade Glioma). Firtecan pegol Firtecan pegol is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01036113 (A Phase 2 Study of EZN-2208 in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer). Poly(lactic acid) Poly(lactic acid) is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00126308 (Facial Lipoatrophy Trial: Immediate Versus Deferred Injections of Poly-L-Lactic Acid for HIV Facial Lipoatrophy). Somatropin pegol Somatropin pegol is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00715689 (Dose Study in Growth Hormone Deficient Adults Investigating Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of NNC126-0083). Amylose Amylose is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01027325 (Resistant Starch Insulin Sensitivity Trial). Hydroxypropyl betadex Hydroxypropyl betadex is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03471143 (Study of IV VTS-270 for Infantile Liver Disease Associated With Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C). Lulizumab pegol Lulizumab pegol is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02843659 (Proof of Concept Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of BMS-931699 (Lulizumab) or BMS-986142 in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome). Pegfilgrastim A recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor used to stimulate the production of neutrophils and prevent febrile neutropenia or infections after myelosuppressive chemotherapy. Endostar Endostar is under investigation for the treatment of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Endostar has been investigated for the treatment of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Brexanolone Brexanolone is a synthetic neuroactive steroid gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABA(a)) receptor positive modulator indicated for the treatment of postpartum depression (PPD) in adult women [FDA Label][A176080, A176083, F4063, F4066, F4072]. Lipegfilgrastim A medication used to reduce the duration of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and incidence of febrile neutropenia in cytotoxic chemotherapy. Ocrylate Ocrylate is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01918059 (Cosmetic Outcome Study of Lid Laceration Repair With Suture Versus Tissue Adhesive). Bempegaldesleukin Bempegaldesleukin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03729245 (A Study of NKTR-214 in Combination With Nivolumab Compared With the Investigator's Choice of a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) Therapy (Either Sunitinib... Pegilodecakin Pegilodecakin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03382912 (Study of Pegilodecakin (LY3500518) With Nivolumab Compared to Nivolumab Alone Second-line Tx in Participants With Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer). Pegbelfermin Pegbelfermin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03486899 (A Study of Experimental Medication BMS-986036 in Adults With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) and Stage 3 Liver Fibrosis). Silk sericin Not Annotated Acacia An extract from Acacia used in allergy testing. Cyclomethicone 5 Cyclomethicone 5 is member of cyclomethicone, which are a group of liquid methyl siloxanes that have low viscosity and high volatility. Cyclomethicones are cyclic in structure with a monomer backbone... Carbomer Not Annotated - Drugs & Drug Targets