Macromolecular Substances

Name
Macromolecular Substances
Accession Number
DBCAT000809
Description

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

Drugs
DrugDrug Description
ColestipolA bile acid sequestrant used as an adjunct to diet and exercise to reduce LDL-C cholesterol levels in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia.
Carbopol 974PA polymer used as a lacrimal substitute to treat symptoms associated with dry eyes.
Povidone-iodineA topical antiseptic agent used for the treatment and prevention of infection in wounds.
Certolizumab pegolA tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocker used to treat a variety of autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions like Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, active psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, axial spondyloarthritis, and plaque psoriasis.
Peginterferon beta-1aAn interferon beta used to treat relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis.
Polyethylene glycolA laxative used to treat constipation and used for bowel preparation before colonoscopies and other procedures.
SimethiconeAn anti-flatulence agent used to relieve pressure, bloating, and symptoms referred to as gas.
HypromelloseAn ingredient used in a wide variety of medications, and is not an approved medication.
PegfilgrastimA recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor used to stimulate the production of neutrophils and prevent febrile neutropenia or infections after myelosuppressive chemotherapy.
Peginterferon alfa-2aA modified form of recombinant human interferon used to stimulate the innate antiviral response in the treatment of hepatitis B and C viruses.
Peginterferon alfa-2bA purified form of human interferon used to stimulate the innate antiviral response in the treatment of hepatitis B and C, genital warts, and some cancers.
PegaspargaseA modified form of L-asparagine amidohydrolase used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia, which is dependent on an external source of asparagine.
InulinHistorically used in an important medical test of renal function, specifically a measure of glomerular filtration rate. Sometimes used to help relieve symptoms of diabetes mellitus - a condition characterised...
IcodextrinAn iso-osmotic solution used for continuous peritoneal dialysis or automated peritoneal dialysis.
Hydroxypropyl celluloseA cellulose ether used to treat dry eyes.
QuinidineA medication used to restore normal sinus rhythm, treat atrial fibrillation and flutter, and treat ventricular arrhythmias.
TolevamerA potassium-binding resin used in the treatment of hyperkalemia.
CholestyramineA bile acid sequestrant used as an adjunct in the reduction of elevated serum cholesterol in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia, and for the relief of pruritus associated with partial biliary obstruction.
TriglymeTriethylene glycol dimethyl ether (also called triglyme) is a glycol ether used as a solvent.
Triethylene glycolNot Available
CellotetraoseNot Available
FormaldehydeA naturally occurring hazardous organic compound used as a preservative in animal feed, cosmetic products, laboratory procedures, disinfection, and home building products.
Octylphenoxy polyethoxyethanolNot Available
CrofelemerAn antidiarrheal agent used for the symptomatic relief of drug-induced non-infectious diarrhea in adult patients with HIV/AIDS receiving antiretroviral therapy.
SP1049CIntended for the treatment of carcinoma of the oesophagus.
PEG-uricaseInvestigated for use/treatment in hyperuricemia.
PRO 2000Investigated for use/treatment in HIV prevention, prevention of stdis, and vaginal infection.
LJP 1082Investigated for use/treatment in autoimmune diseases, strokes, and thrombosis.
Maxy-G34Investigated for use/treatment in adverse effects (chemotherapy) and neutropenics.
XMT-1001Investigated for use/treatment in solid tumors.
TyloxapolTyloxapol is an inhaled surfactant that assists in removing and liquefying and removing bronchopulmonary secretions with mucus and pus. Tyloxapol is administered either through nebulized solution or a stream of...
Dextrin 2-sulfateInvestigated for use/treatment in HIV prevention.
PegargiminaseInvestigated for use/treatment in melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma.
PegsunerceptInvestigated for use/treatment in rheumatoid arthritis.
Sodium cellulose phosphateSodium cellulose phosphate is used to treat hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria. It has been used to prevent kidney stones. This compound is an ion-exchange resin that can not be absorbed by...
Nonoxynol-9A vaginal spermicide used for the non-hormonal contraception in conjunction with other modes of contraception.
PolidocanolA sclerosing agent used for the treatment of uncomplicated spider veins and uncomplicated reticular veins, all less than 3 mm in diameter, in the lower extremity.
PeginesatidePeginesatide is used for the treatment of anemia due to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adult patients on dialysis
NaloxegolA peripherally-selective opioid antagonist used to treat opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in adult patients with chronic non-cancer pain.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin betaA synthetic erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) used to treat anemia associated with chronic kidney disease.
DextranA low molecular weight dextran used as an adjunctive treatment of shock or impending shock due to hemorrhage, burns, surgery or other trauma, as well as the prophylaxis of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism during high-risk medical procedures.
PatiromerA non-absorbable potassium binding polymer indicated for the treatment of hyperkalemia.
PolycarbophilPolycarbophil is used to treat constipation and to help maintain regular bowel movements.
Antihemophilic factor (recombinant), PEGylatedFor the management of hemophilia A (congenital factor VIII deficiency) [FDA label], . This medication is a human antihemophilic factor indicated in adolescent and adult patients (12 years and older)...
Tannic acidTannic acid is indicated for cold sores, fever blisters, diaper rash, minor burn or sunburn and prickly heat. Vaginally, tannic acid is used as a douche for leukorrhea. It has...
FerumoxsilNot Annotated
FerumoxidesNot Annotated
AcaciaAn extract from Acacia used in allergy testing.
Karaya gumAn extract from Karaya gum used in allergy testing.
TragacanthAn extract from Tragacanth used in allergy testing.
CarobAn extract from Carob used in allergy testing.
Polyvinyl alcoholA compound used as an ophthalmic lubricant.
PovidoneWhen in complex with iodine, indicated for inducing antisepsis for prevention of infection in minor cuts, scrapes, and burns.
Polysorbate 80It is used as a solubilizer, antimicrobial preservative and disinfectant .
DimethiconeAn ingredient used to treat dry and irritated eyes.
Polyethylene glycol 400An ingredient used in a wide variety of medications, and is not an approved medication.
PectinPectin is used in food as a gelling agent and stabilizer. As a medical drug, it has obtained a great interest in its potential use as a source of dietary...
Polyethylene glycol 300Indicated as a lubricant in over-the-counter ophthalmic solutions to temporarily relieve redness, burning and irritation of the eyes.
RosinAn extract from Rosin used in allergy testing.
Polysorbate 20Polysorbate 20 is a polysorbate-type nonionic surfactant used in many commercial, household and pharmaceutical products. It is composed of 20 repeated units of polyethylene glycol via ethoxylation. Polysorbate 20 is...
Tolu balsamNot Annotated
Saccharide isomerateNot Annotated
PoliglusamPoliglusam, or chitosan, is a linear polysaccharide consisting of D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Naturally-occuring poliglusam is found in the cell walls of fungi, soil and sediments where it is produced from...
Cyclomethicone 5Cyclomethicone 5 is member of cyclomethicone, which are a group of liquid methyl siloxanes that have low viscosity and high volatility. Cyclomethicones are cyclic in structure with a monomer backbone...
Poloxamer 407Poloxamer 407 is a polyoxyethylene polymer and hydrophilic non-ionic surfactant. It consists of a central hydrophobic block of polypropylene glycol that is flanked on each side by polyethylene glycol blocks,...
Phenyl trimethiconeNot Annotated
Poloxamer 188A medication used to clean wounds.
PoloxaleneEthylene oxide/propylene oxide copolymer is used as a food additive. It belongs to the family of Epoxides. These are compounds containing a cyclic ether with three ring atoms (one oxygen...
Balsam of PeruBalsam of Peru is found in diverse cosmetics and perfumes as well as a flavoring agent in cough syrups, lozenges, chewing gum, and candies. As a medical agent, balsam of...
Insulin peglisproNot Annotated
Drometrizole trisiloxaneAn UV ray absorbing agent used in sunscreens to protect skin from UV radiation.
Starch, cornCorn starch refers to the starch extracted from the corn grain that is commonly used as a food ingredient and chemical additive. Starch is any of a group of polysaccharides...
Hydroxyethyl celluloseAn ingredient used in formulations to alleviate irritation of the skin.
MyrrhFDA approved only for use in food. Historically used for indigestion, ulcers, colds, cough, asthma, bronchial congestion, arthritic pain, cancer, leprosy, and syphilis. It is also used orally as a...
AstodrimerAstodrimer has been used in trials studying the treatment and prevention of Bacterial Vaginosis. It is a lysine-based dendrimer with naphthalene disulfonic acid surface groups.
2-octyl cyanoacrylateDermabond has been investigated for the basic science of Wound Healing.
EnbucrilateEnbucrilate is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02468206 (Secondary Prophylaxis of Gastric Variceal Bleed).
PegamotecanPegamotecan has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer of Stomach, Sarcoma, Soft Tissue, and Gastroesophageal Cancer.
LipegfilgrastimA medication used to reduce the duration of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and incidence of febrile neutropenia in cytotoxic chemotherapy.
Guar gumNot Annotated
Sodium apolateNot Annotated
DextranomerNot Annotated
Oxidized celluloseNot Annotated
Nonacog beta pegolA recombinant coagulation Factor IX derivative used to treat hemophilia B.
Carbomer homopolymer type CA medication in artificial tears for the treatment of dry eyes.
CyclomethiconeNot Annotated
Hydroxyethyl ethylcelluloseHydroxyethyl ethylcellulose modulates bacterial binding to salivary pellicle; moderately effective in preventing plaque formation.
Microcrystalline celluloseA polysaccharide with glucose units linked as in CELLOBIOSE. It is the chief constituent of plant fibers, cotton being the purest natural form of the substance. As a raw material,...
AmberAmber is a plant/plant extract used in some OTC (over-the-counter) products. It is not an approved drug.
Calcium polycarbophilA bulk forming laxative used to treat constipation.
Calaspargase pegolAn asparagine specific enzyme used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Peginterferon lambda-1aPeginterferon lambda-1a is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01754974 (Safety and Efficacy Study of Peginterferon Lambda-1a vs. Peginterferon Alfa-2a, Plus Ribavirin in Subjects With Genotype 1 Hepatitis C).
Polyacrylamide (crosslinked; 2 mole percent bisacrylamide)Polyacrylamide (crosslinked; 2 mole percent bisacrylamide) is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00629083 (Bulking Agents for the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Females).
PolydioxanonePolydioxanone is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00998907 (PDS*Plus and Wound Infections After Laparotomy).
PolydextrosePolydextrose is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02258750 (Assessing a Polydextrose Containing Soup on Food Intake, Appetite and Biomarkers of Satiation and Satiety).
Etirinotecan pegolEtirinotecan pegol is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01663012 (Phase II NKTR-102 In Bevacizumab-Resistant High Grade Glioma).
Firtecan pegolFirtecan pegol is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01036113 (A Phase 2 Study of EZN-2208 in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer).
Poly(lactic acid)Poly(lactic acid) is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00126308 (Facial Lipoatrophy Trial: Immediate Versus Deferred Injections of Poly-L-Lactic Acid for HIV Facial Lipoatrophy).
OcrylateOcrylate is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01918059 (Cosmetic Outcome Study of Lid Laceration Repair With Suture Versus Tissue Adhesive).
Somatropin pegolSomatropin pegol is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00715689 (Dose Study in Growth Hormone Deficient Adults Investigating Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of NNC126-0083).
BelapectinBelapectin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02575404 (GR-MD-02 Plus Pembrolizumab in Melanoma, Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, and Squamous Cell Head and Neck Cancer Patients).
BempegaldesleukinBempegaldesleukin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03729245 (A Study of NKTR-214 in Combination With Nivolumab Compared With the Investigator's Choice of a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) Therapy (Either Sunitinib...
PegilodecakinPegilodecakin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03382912 (Study of Pegilodecakin (LY3500518) With Nivolumab Compared to Nivolumab Alone Second-line Tx in Participants With Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer).
PegbelferminPegbelfermin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03486899 (A Study of Experimental Medication BMS-986036 in Adults With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) and Stage 3 Liver Fibrosis).
Lulizumab pegolLulizumab pegol is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02843659 (Proof of Concept Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of BMS-931699 (Lulizumab) or BMS-986142 in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome).
Silk sericinNot Annotated
CarbomerNot Annotated
Azoximer bromideAzoximer bromide is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04381377 (Efficacy and Safety of Polyoxidonium® in Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease COVID-19).
PolygelineA medication used for plasma volume expansion.
Dapirolizumab pegolDapirolizumab pegol is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02804763 (A Phase 2 Efficacy and Safety Study of Dapirolizumab Pegol (DZP) in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus).
Pegylated synthetic human c-peptideNot Annotated
Collagen-polyvinylpyrrolidoneCollagen-polyvinylpyrrolidone is a copolymer generated from a mixture of type I collagen and low-molecular-weight PVP that has undergone γ irradiation . It is characterized by antifibrotic, fibrolytic, and immunomodulatory properties...
FrankincenseNot Annotated
HemoximerHemoximer is a modified version of hemoglobin that undergoes pyridoxylation, for the purpose of lowering the oxygen affinity, and coupling with polyoxyethylene (POE), to increase its molecular weight.
Pegylated carboxyhemoglobin (bovine)Not Annotated
Dextran 1Not Annotated
Recombinant human plasma gelsolinPlasma gelsolin (pGSN) is a protein found in the blood of healthy individuals which scavenges compounds left over from damaged tissues.
Nano-diamino-tetracNot Annotated
AtelocollagenNot Available
VasomeraNot Available
BerdazimerA nitric oxide (NO)-releasing agent used to treat topical molluscum contagiosum.
Drugs & Drug Targets
DrugTargetType
ColestipolBile acidstarget
Certolizumab pegolTumor necrosis factortarget
Certolizumab pegolAlcohol dehydrogenase [NADP(+)]enzyme
Peginterferon beta-1aCytochrome P450 1A2enzyme
Peginterferon beta-1aInterferon alpha/beta receptor 1target
Polyethylene glycolP-glycoprotein 1transporter
HypromelloseEpithelial cell adhesion moleculetarget
PegfilgrastimGranulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptortarget
PegfilgrastimNeutrophil elastaseenzyme
Peginterferon alfa-2aInterferon alpha/beta receptor 2target
Peginterferon alfa-2aInterferon alpha/beta receptor 1target
Peginterferon alfa-2aCytochrome P450 1A2enzyme
Peginterferon alfa-2bInterferon alpha/beta receptor 1target
Peginterferon alfa-2bInterferon alpha/beta receptor 2target
Peginterferon alfa-2bCytochrome P450 1A2enzyme
Peginterferon alfa-2bCytochrome P450 2D6enzyme
Peginterferon alfa-2bCytochrome P450 2C9enzyme
PegaspargaseL-asparaginetarget
PegaspargaseThyroxine-binding globulincarrier
InulinCycloinulo-oligosaccharide fructanotransferasetarget
IcodextrinPancreatic alpha-amylaseenzyme
QuinidineSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphatarget
QuinidineAlpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1carrier
QuinidinePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2target
QuinidinePotassium channel subfamily K member 1target
QuinidinePotassium channel subfamily K member 6target
QuinidineCytochrome P450 1A2enzyme
QuinidineCytochrome P450 2E1enzyme
QuinidineCytochrome P450 1A1enzyme
QuinidineCytochrome P450 2D6enzyme
QuinidineCytochrome P450 3A4enzyme
QuinidineCytochrome P450 3A7enzyme
QuinidineSolute carrier family 22 member 2transporter
QuinidineSolute carrier family 22 member 1transporter
QuinidineSolute carrier family 22 member 5transporter
QuinidineP-glycoprotein 1transporter
QuinidineSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2transporter
QuinidineSolute carrier family 22 member 8transporter
QuinidineCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1transporter
QuinidineSolute carrier family 22 member 4transporter
QuinidineSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1transporter
QuinidineCytochrome P450 2B6enzyme
QuinidineCytochrome P450 2C9enzyme
QuinidineAlpha-1A adrenergic receptortarget
QuinidineAlpha-1B adrenergic receptortarget
QuinidineAlpha-1D adrenergic receptortarget
QuinidineBile salt export pumptransporter
QuinidineCytochrome P450 2C8enzyme
QuinidineSerum albumincarrier
TolevamerPotassiumtarget
CholestyramineBile acidstarget
TriglymeOuter-membrane lipoprotein LolBtarget
TriglymeProfilin-2target
TriglymeOuter-membrane lipoprotein LolBtarget
TriglymeUncharacterized proteintarget
TriglymeSerine acetyltransferasetarget
TriglymeTyrosine-protein kinase Fyntarget
TriglymePeptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrialtarget
TriglymeTranscriptional regulator, GntR familytarget
TriglymeABC transporter, periplasmic substrate-binding proteintarget
TriglymeTransketolasetarget
Triethylene glycolAcetolactate synthase, catabolictarget
Triethylene glycolArabinogalactan endo-1,4-beta-galactosidasetarget
Triethylene glycolPhosphoserine aminotransferasetarget
CellotetraoseCellulose 1,4-beta-cellobiosidasetarget
FormaldehydeD-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidasetarget
FormaldehydeHematopoietic stem cellstarget
Octylphenoxy polyethoxyethanolTroponin C, skeletal muscletarget
CrofelemerCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatortarget
CrofelemerAnoctamin-1target
SP1049CDNA topoisomerase 2-alphatarget
PEG-uricaseUric acid degradation bifunctional proteintarget
LJP 1082Beta-2-glycoprotein 1target
XMT-1001DNA topoisomerase 1target
TyloxapolLipoprotein lipasetarget
Sodium cellulose phosphateCalcium ionstarget
Nonoxynol-9Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2enzyme
PeginesatideErythropoietin receptortarget
NaloxegolCytochrome P450 3A4enzyme
NaloxegolCytochrome P450 2D6enzyme
NaloxegolCytochrome P450 2C19enzyme
NaloxegolMu-type opioid receptortarget
Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin betaErythropoietin receptortarget
PatiromerPotassiumtarget
Antihemophilic factor (recombinant), PEGylatedvon Willebrand factortarget
Antihemophilic factor (recombinant), PEGylatedvon Willebrand factorcarrier
Polyethylene glycol 400Oxidoreductase HTATIP2target
Polyethylene glycol 400Cytochrome P450 4A11enzyme
Polyethylene glycol 400Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3enzyme
Polyethylene glycol 400Sulfotransferase 1A1enzyme
Polyethylene glycol 400Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1target
Polyethylene glycol 400P-glycoprotein 1transporter
Insulin peglisproCytochrome P450 1A2enzyme
Insulin peglisproInsulin receptortarget
Insulin peglisproInsulin-like growth factor 1 receptortarget
MyrrhBile acid receptortarget
MyrrhCytochrome P450 3A Subfamilyenzyme
MyrrhNuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2target
MyrrhPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphatarget
AstodrimerEnvelope glycoprotein gp160target
LipegfilgrastimGranulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptortarget
Nonacog beta pegolCoagulation factor VIItarget
Nonacog beta pegolCoagulation factor VIIItarget
Nonacog beta pegolCoagulation factor Xtarget
Calaspargase pegolL-asparaginetarget