Megestrol acetate

Identification

Summary

Megestrol acetate is a progestin that is administered orally to treat anorexia and cachexia or serious unexplained weight loss and is also used as an antineoplastic agent to treat certain types of malignancy.

Brand Names
Megace
Generic Name
Megestrol acetate
DrugBank Accession Number
DB00351
Background

17-Hydroxy-6-methylpregna-3,6-diene-3,20-dione. A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational, Vet approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 384.516
Monoisotopic: 384.23005951
Chemical Formula
C24H32O4
Synonyms
  • 17-Acetoxy-6-methylpregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione
  • 17-Hydroxy-6-methylpregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione 17-acetate
  • 17alpha-Acetoxy-6-dehydro-6-methylprogesterone
  • 17alpha-Hydroxy-6-methylpregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione acetate
  • 17α-Acetoxy-6-dehydro-6-methylprogesterone
  • 17α-Hydroxy-6-methylpregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione acetate
  • 6-Dehydro-6-methyl-17alpha-acetoxyprogesterone
  • 6-Dehydro-6-methyl-17α-acetoxyprogesterone
  • 6-Methyl-17alpha-acetoxypregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione
  • 6-Methyl-17alpha-hydroxy-delta(sup 6)-progesterone acetate
  • 6-Methyl-17α-acetoxypregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione
  • 6-Methyl-17α-hydroxy-delta(sup 6)-progesterone acetate
  • 6-Methyl-6-dehydro-17alpha-acetoxyprogesterone
  • 6-Methyl-6-dehydro-17α-acetoxyprogesterone
  • 6-Methyl-delta(sup 4,6)-pregnadien-17alpha-ol-3,20-dione acetate
  • 6-Methyl-delta(sup 4,6)-pregnadien-17α-ol-3,20-dione acetate
  • 6-Methyl-delta(sup 6)-dehydro-17alpha-acetoxyprogesterone
  • 6-Methyl-delta(sup 6)-dehydro-17α-acetoxyprogesterone
  • Megestrol acetate
  • MGA
External IDs
  • BDH 1298
  • BDH-1298
  • NSC-71423
  • SC 10363
  • SC-10363

Pharmacology

Indication

For the treatment of anorexia, cachexia, or an unexplained, significant weight loss in patients with a diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Also used for the palliative management of recurrent, inoperable, or metastatic breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and prostate cancer in Canada and some other countries.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Treatment ofAnorexia••••••••••••••••••••••
Treatment ofCachexia••• •••••••••••••••
Treatment ofCachexia••••••••••••••••••••••
Treatment ofInoperable carcinoma of breast••••••••••••••••••
Treatment ofInoperable endometrial carcinoma••••••••••••••••••
Associated Therapies
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Megestrol is a synthetic progestin and has the same physiologic effects as natural progesterone. These effects include induction of secretory changes in the endometrium, increase in basal body temperature, pituitary inhibition, and production of withdrawal bleeding in the presence of estrogen. Mestrogel has slight glucocorticoid activity and very slight mineralocorticoid activity. This drug has no estrogenic, androgenic, or anabolic activity. The precise mechanism of megestrol’s antianorexic and anticachetic effects is unknown. Initially developed as a contraceptive, it was first evaluated in breast cancer treatment in 1967.

Mechanism of action

The precise mechanism by which megestrol acetate produces effects in anorexia and cachexia is unknown at the present time, but its progestin antitumour activity may involve suppression of luteinizing hormone by inhibition of pituitary function. Studies also suggest that the megestrol's weight gain effect is related to its appetite-stimulant or metabolic effects rather than its glucocorticoid-like effects or the production of edema. It has also been suggested that megestrol may alter metabolic pathyways via interferences with the production or action of mediators such as cachectin, a hormone that inhibits adipocyte lipogenic enzymes.

TargetActionsOrganism
AProgesterone receptor
agonist
Humans
UGlucocorticoid receptor
agonist
Humans
Absorption

Variable, but well absorbed orally.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

Primarily hepatic. Megestrol metabolites which were identified in urine constituted 5% to 8% of the dose administered. Respiratory excretion as labeled carbon dioxide and fat storage may have accounted for at least part of the radioactivity not found in urine and feces. No active metabolites have been identified.

Route of elimination

The major route of drug elimination in humans is urine. Respiratory excretion as labeled carbon dioxide and fat storage may have accounted for at least part of the radioactivity not found in urine and feces.

Half-life

34 hours

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

No serious unexpected side effects have resulted from studies involving megestrol acetate oral suspension administered in dosages as high as 1200 mg/day. Treatment with megestrol acetate, an orexigenic agent, has also resulted in iatrogenic adrenal suppression. The mechanism is presumably related to the glucocorticoid properties of megestrol acetate [PMID: 12872362].

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbacavirMegestrol acetate may decrease the excretion rate of Abacavir which could result in a higher serum level.
AbametapirThe serum concentration of Megestrol acetate can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
AbciximabThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Megestrol acetate is combined with Abciximab.
AcarboseThe therapeutic efficacy of Acarbose can be decreased when used in combination with Megestrol acetate.
AceclofenacAceclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Megestrol acetate which could result in a higher serum level.
Food Interactions
  • Take with food.

Products

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Product Images
International/Other Brands
Maygace / Megestat / Megestil / Megestin
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Linmegestrol - Tab 160mgTablet160 mgOralLinson Pharma Co.1995-12-312006-05-29Canada flag
Linmegestrol - Tab 40mgTablet40 mgOralLinson Pharma Co.1995-12-312004-08-05Canada flag
MegaceTablet40 mg/1OralE.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.2005-01-012006-08-31US flag
MegaceTablet20 mg/1OralE.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.2005-01-012005-05-31US flag
MegaceTablet160 mgOralBristol Myers Squibb1987-12-312009-03-09Canada flag
Generic Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Apo-megestrolTablet160 mgOralApotex CorporationNot applicableNot applicableCanada flag
Apo-megestrolTablet40 mgOralApotex CorporationNot applicableNot applicableCanada flag
MegestolSuspension40 mg/1mLOralStat Rx USA2002-02-15Not applicableUS flag
Megestrol AcetateTablet40 mg/1OralUDL Laboratories, Inc.2011-05-132010-12-10US flag
Megestrol AcetateTablet20 mg/1OralMylan Institutional Inc.1997-08-072021-03-31US flag

Categories

ATC Codes
G03FB04 — Megestrol and estrogenG03DB02 — MegestrolG03FA08 — Megestrol and estrogenG03AC05 — MegestrolL02AB01 — MegestrolG03AA04 — Megestrol and ethinylestradiolG03AB01 — Megestrol and ethinylestradiol
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives. These are steroids with a structure based on a hydroxylated prostane moiety.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Lipids and lipid-like molecules
Class
Steroids and steroid derivatives
Sub Class
Pregnane steroids
Direct Parent
Gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Steroid esters / 20-oxosteroids / 3-oxosteroids / Cyclohexenones / Alpha-acyloxy ketones / Carboxylic acid esters / Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives
Substituents
20-oxosteroid / 3-oxosteroid / Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound / Alpha-acyloxy ketone / Carbonyl group / Carboxylic acid derivative / Carboxylic acid ester / Cyclic ketone / Cyclohexenone / Hydrocarbon derivative
Molecular Framework
Aliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
C21 steroids (gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogens) and derivatives (C08151) / C21 steroids (gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins) and derivatives (LMST02030118)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
TJ2M0FR8ES
CAS number
595-33-5
InChI Key
RQZAXGRLVPAYTJ-GQFGMJRRSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C24H32O4/c1-14-12-18-19(22(4)9-6-17(27)13-21(14)22)7-10-23(5)20(18)8-11-24(23,15(2)25)28-16(3)26/h12-13,18-20H,6-11H2,1-5H3/t18-,19+,20+,22-,23+,24+/m1/s1
IUPAC Name
(1S,2R,10R,11S,14R,15S)-14-acetyl-2,8,15-trimethyl-5-oxotetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadeca-6,8-dien-14-yl acetate
SMILES
[H][C@@]12CC[C@](OC(C)=O)(C(C)=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])C=C(C)C2=CC(=O)CC[C@]12C

References

Synthesis Reference

Klaus ANNEN, Thomas Linz, Karl-Heinz Neff, Rolf Bohlmann, Henry Laurent, "PROCESS FOR PREPARING 17ALPHA-ACETOXY-6-METHYLENEPREGN-4-ENE-3,20-DIONE, MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE AND MEGESTROL ACETATE." U.S. Patent US20090012321, issued January 08, 2009.

US20090012321
General References
  1. Berenstein EG, Ortiz Z: Megestrol acetate for the treatment of anorexia-cachexia syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Apr 18;(2):CD004310. [Article]
  2. Pascual Lopez A, Roque i Figuls M, Urrutia Cuchi G, Berenstein EG, Almenar Pasies B, Balcells Alegre M, Herdman M: Systematic review of megestrol acetate in the treatment of anorexia-cachexia syndrome. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2004 Apr;27(4):360-9. [Article]
  3. Rao GG, Miller DS: Hormonal therapy in epithelial ovarian cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2006 Jan;6(1):43-7. [Article]
  4. Schindler AE, Campagnoli C, Druckmann R, Huber J, Pasqualini JR, Schweppe KW, Thijssen JH: Classification and pharmacology of progestins. Maturitas. 2008 Sep-Oct;61(1-2):171-80. [Article]
  5. Orme LM, Bond JD, Humphrey MS, Zacharin MR, Downie PA, Jamsen KM, Mitchell SL, Robinson JM, Grapsas NA, Ashley DM: Megestrol acetate in pediatric oncology patients may lead to severe, symptomatic adrenal suppression. Cancer. 2003 Jul 15;98(2):397-405. [Article]
KEGG Drug
D00952
KEGG Compound
C08151
PubChem Compound
11683
PubChem Substance
46505827
ChemSpider
11192
BindingDB
50238674
RxNav
29451
ChEBI
6723
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1201139
ZINC
ZINC000004097467
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP000861
PharmGKB
PA450351
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Megestrol
FDA label
Download (278 KB)
MSDS
Download (71.9 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedOtherCognitive Impairment (CI)1
4CompletedTreatmentAnorexia / Cachexia / Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections1
4CompletedTreatmentIdiopathic Precocious Puberty1
4RecruitingTreatmentFeeding Behaviors / Feeding Disorder of Infancy or Early Childhood1
4Unknown StatusTreatmentCancer, Therapy-Related1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
  • Bristol myers squibb
  • Par pharmaceutical inc
  • Apotex inc richmond hill
  • Roxane laboratories inc
  • Teva pharmaceuticals usa
  • Wockhardt eu operations (swiss) ag
  • Barr laboratories inc
  • Teva pharmaceuticals usa inc
  • Usl pharma inc
Packagers
  • Advanced Pharmaceutical Services Inc.
  • Apotex Inc.
  • A-S Medication Solutions LLC
  • Atlantic Biologicals Corporation
  • Barr Pharmaceuticals
  • Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.
  • Cardinal Health
  • Carlisle Laboratories Inc.
  • Dept Health Central Pharmacy
  • Goldline Laboratories Inc.
  • Major Pharmaceuticals
  • Martec USA LLC
  • Mckesson Corp.
  • Mead Johnson and Co.
  • Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
  • Mylan
  • Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Par Pharmaceuticals
  • Pharmaceutical Association
  • Pharmaceutical Utilization Management Program VA Inc.
  • Pharmachemie BV
  • Physicians Total Care Inc.
  • Precision Dose Inc.
  • Prepak Systems Inc.
  • Professional Co.
  • Qualitest
  • Resource Optimization and Innovation LLC
  • Roxane Labs
  • Sandhills Packaging Inc.
  • Southwood Pharmaceuticals
  • Stat Rx Usa
  • Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
  • Tya Pharmaceuticals
  • UDL Laboratories
  • United Research Laboratories Inc.
  • Vangard Labs Inc.
  • Vistapharm Inc.
  • Wockhardt Ltd.
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
SuspensionOral40 mg/ml
TabletOral20 mg/1
TabletOral40 mg/1
SuspensionOral125 mg/1mL
SuspensionOral40 mg / mL
Granule, for suspensionOral160 MG
SuspensionOral40 mg/1mL
SuspensionOral400 mg/10mL
SuspensionOral625 mg/5mL
SuspensionOral800 mg/20mL
SuspensionOral
TabletOral
TabletOral160 mg
TabletOral40 mg
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Megestrol Acetate 40 mg/ml Suspension 480ml Bottle297.92USD bottle
Megestrol Acetate 40 mg/ml Suspension 240ml Bottle149.71USD bottle
Megestrol acetate powder30.6USD g
Megestrol 40 mg tablet1.17USD tablet
Megestrol Acetate 40 mg tablet1.15USD tablet
Megestrol Acetate 20 mg tablet0.72USD tablet
Megace 40 mg/ml oral suspension0.71USD ml
Megestrol 20 mg tablet0.65USD tablet
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US5145684No1992-09-082011-01-25US flag
US7101576No2006-09-052024-04-22US flag
US9101540No2015-08-112024-04-22US flag
US9101549No2015-08-112024-04-22US flag
US9107827No2015-08-182024-04-22US flag
US9040088No2015-05-262024-04-22US flag
US6592903No2003-07-152020-09-21US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)218.0-220.0 °CNot Available
water solubility2 µg/mL (at 37 °C for the acetate salt)Not Available
logP3.2Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.00336 mg/mLALOGPS
logP3.71ALOGPS
logP3.72Chemaxon
logS-5.1ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)17.83Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-4.9Chemaxon
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area60.44 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count3Chemaxon
Refractivity108.66 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability43.51 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings4Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.9959
Blood Brain Barrier+0.9617
Caco-2 permeable+0.651
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.6107
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IInhibitor0.9149
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IIInhibitor0.7016
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.7753
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.8642
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.908
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.7744
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.9045
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8907
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9532
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9025
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8095
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.899
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.9775
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.9273
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.9354
Rat acute toxicity1.8121 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9429
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.7761
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
MS/MS Spectrum - , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-002r-0379000000-6d73cd082b939b89d5ce
MS/MS Spectrum - , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-060r-2890000000-fa2ec02a8c51a731cc7b
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-00n0-0497000000-046272fbcad7d1d41298
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-066r-0009000000-2b0c9535c54beb7d742b
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-2009000000-8e6cc16f24805472fd57
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0ldu-0296000000-7485f79b2e118e480a8b
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0ac0-3019000000-4fee3db94aa5f9d13de9
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-a4e1ebaae452f9845407
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-000b-0921000000-25e17f1d51f1147f0ee5
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-206.0675871
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-205.6765871
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-194.49805
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+206.1705871
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+206.5095871
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+196.39345
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+206.2695871
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+202.66893
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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insights and accelerate drug research.
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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Progesterone receptor ...
Gene Name
PGR
Uniprot ID
P06401
Uniprot Name
Progesterone receptor
Molecular Weight
98979.96 Da
References
  1. Vadivelu S, Sharer L, Schulder M: Regression of multiple intracranial meningiomas after cessation of long-term progesterone agonist therapy. J Neurosurg. 2010 May;112(5):920-4. doi: 10.3171/2009.8.JNS09201. [Article]
  2. Mokbel K: Focus on anastrozole and breast cancer. Curr Med Res Opin. 2003;19(8):683-8. [Article]
  3. Wentling GK, Sevin BU, Geiger XJ, Bridges MD: Benign metastasizing leiomyoma responsive to megestrol: case report and review of the literature. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2005 Nov-Dec;15(6):1213-7. [Article]
  4. Gruber T, Dare AO, Balos LL, Lele S, Fenstermaker RA: Multiple meningiomas arising during long-term therapy with the progesterone agonist megestrol acetate. Case report. J Neurosurg. 2004 Feb;100(2):328-31. [Article]
  5. Schindler AE, Campagnoli C, Druckmann R, Huber J, Pasqualini JR, Schweppe KW, Thijssen JH: Classification and pharmacology of progestins. Maturitas. 2008 Sep-Oct;61(1-2):171-80. [Article]
  6. Wermers RA, Hurley DL, Kearns AE: Osteoporosis associated with megestrol acetate. Mayo Clin Proc. 2004 Dec;79(12):1557-61. [Article]
  7. Wiedemann K, Hirschmann M, Knaudt K, Rupprecht R, Seier FE, Holsboer F: Sleep endocrine effects of megestrol acetate in healthy men. J Neuroendocrinol. 1998 Sep;10(9):719-27. [Article]
  8. Lamberts SW, Uitterlinden P, Bons EG, Verleun T: Comparison of the actions of RU 38486 and megestrol acetate in the model of a transplantable adrenocorticotropin- and prolactin-secreting rat pituitary tumor. Cancer Res. 1985 Mar;45(3):1015-9. [Article]
  9. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Receptor for glucocorticoids (GC). Has a dual mode of action: as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE), both for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and as a modula...
Gene Name
NR3C1
Uniprot ID
P04150
Uniprot Name
Glucocorticoid receptor
Molecular Weight
85658.57 Da
References
  1. Wermers RA, Hurley DL, Kearns AE: Osteoporosis associated with megestrol acetate. Mayo Clin Proc. 2004 Dec;79(12):1557-61. [Article]
  2. Gonzalez Villarroel P, Fernandez Perez I, Paramo C, Gentil Gonzalez M, Carnero Lopez B, Vazquez Tunas ML, Carrasco Alvarez JA: Megestrol acetate-induced adrenal insufficiency. Clin Transl Oncol. 2008 Apr;10(4):235-7. [Article]
  3. Wiedemann K, Hirschmann M, Knaudt K, Rupprecht R, Seier FE, Holsboer F: Sleep endocrine effects of megestrol acetate in healthy men. J Neuroendocrinol. 1998 Sep;10(9):719-27. [Article]
  4. Chao Y, Chan WK, Wang SS, Lai KH, Chi CW, Lin CY, Chan A, Whang-Peng J, Lui WY, Lee SD: Phase II study of megestrol acetate in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1997 Apr;12(4):277-81. [Article]
  5. Lamberts SW, Uitterlinden P, Bons EG, Verleun T: Comparison of the actions of RU 38486 and megestrol acetate in the model of a transplantable adrenocorticotropin- and prolactin-secreting rat pituitary tumor. Cancer Res. 1985 Mar;45(3):1015-9. [Article]
  6. Kontula K, Paavonen T, Luukkainen T, Andersson LC: Binding of progestins to the glucocorticoid receptor. Correlation to their glucocorticoid-like effects on in vitro functions of human mononuclear leukocytes. Biochem Pharmacol. 1983 May 1;32(9):1511-8. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight
57342.67 Da
References
  1. House L, Seminerio MJ, Mirkov S, Ramirez J, Skor M, Sachleben JR, Isikbay M, Singhal H, Greene GL, Vander Griend D, Conzen SD, Ratain MJ: Metabolism of megestrol acetate in vitro and the role of oxidative metabolites. Xenobiotica. 2018 Oct;48(10):973-983. doi: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1386335. Epub 2017 Nov 10. [Article]

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
Gene Name
ABCB1
Uniprot ID
P08183
Uniprot Name
Multidrug resistance protein 1
Molecular Weight
141477.255 Da
References
  1. Wang L, Yang CP, Horwitz SB, Trail PA, Casazza AM: Reversal of the human and murine multidrug-resistance phenotype with megestrol acetate. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1994;34(2):96-102. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at March 18, 2024 19:36